covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Triglicéridos y nutrición parenteral
Información de la revista
Vol. 52. Núm. 6.
Páginas 290-296 (julio 2005)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 52. Núm. 6.
Páginas 290-296 (julio 2005)
Revisiones
Acceso a texto completo
Triglicéridos y nutrición parenteral
Triglycerides and parenteral nutrition
Visitas
23593
J. Llopa,
Autor para correspondencia
josep.llop@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Llop. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, M. Vueltab, P. Sabinc, Grupo de nutrición artificial de los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria de cataluña
a Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII. Tarragona. España
b Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
c Hospital de la Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
Contenido relacionado
Endocrinol Nutr. 2005;52:53310.1016/S1575-0922(05)71058-5
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas

Una de las complicaciones metabólicas que se asocia con relativa frecuencia con la nutrición parenteral es la hipertrigliceridemia. Su etiología se relaciona con la alteración del aclaramiento plasmático de los lípidos, bien por una disminución de la actividad de la lipoproteinlipasa, bien por un aporte excesivo. Durante la utilización de la nutrición parenteral es importante conocer el umbral de triglicéridos plasmáticos a partir del cual la administración de lípidos exógenos es ineficiente desde el punto de vista metabólico o está asociado a sobrecarga grasa. Hay diversas situaciones clínicas como la sepsis, la insuficiencia renal, la pancreatitis, así como determinados fármacos, como glucocorticoides o ciclosporina, que se asocian con hipertrigliceridemia. En estos casos, cuando se instaura una pauta de nutrición parenteral, el riesgo de desarrollar hipertrigliceridemia es especialmente elevado. En el presente trabajo se revisan las distintas causas que pueden relacionarse con hipertrigliceridemia y que pueden suponer un factor de riesgo en pacientes con nutrición parenteral.

Palabras clave:
Hipertrigliceridemia
Nutrición parenteral
Factores de riesgo
Complicaciones

Hypertriglyceridemia is a metabolic disorder frequently correlated with the use of parenteral nutrition. The etiology of hypertriglyceridemia in patients undergoing parenteral nutrition is associated with alterations in plasma lipid clearance due to an excessive supply or to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity. During parenteral nutrition therapy, it is important to determine the threshold plasma triglyceride level above which exogenous lipids cannot be efficiently metabolized or would be associated with lipid overload. Several clinical and metabolic situations have been related to hypertriglyceridemia, such as sepsis, renal failure, pancreatitis and the use of certain drugs such as glucocorticoids and cyclosporine. In these cases, parenteral nutrition increases the risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia. In the present article, we review some of the risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with parenteral nutrition.

Key words:
Hypertriglyceridemia
Parenteral nutrition
Risk factors
Complications
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
J.M. Miles, Y. Park, W.S. Harris.
Lipoprotein lipase and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism.
Nutr Clin Practice, 16 (2001), pp. 273-279
[2.]
Goulet O. Lipid emulsions: dosage and monitoring. Education and critical practice program. 23 ESPEN Congress; Munich; 2001; p. 87-93.
[3.]
E.B. Trujillo, L.S. Young, G.M. Chertow, S. Randall, T. Clemons, D.O. Jacobs, et al.
Metabolic and monetary costs of avoidable parenteral nutrition use.
J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 23 (1999), pp. 109-113
[4.]
J.C. Desport, V. Pelagatti, B. Hoedt, A. Lagarde, L. Courat, D. Sautereau, et al.
Utilisation d’un melànge de triglycèrides chaines longues et chaines moyennes pour la nutrition parentèrale en un hôpital universitaire: resultats d’un audit interne.
Gastroenterol Clin Biol, 22 (1998), pp. 419-424
[5.]
D.J. Rader, S. Rosas.
Management of selected lipid abnormalities. Hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, lipoprotein(a). Thyroid and renal diseases, and post-transplantation.
Med Clin North Am, 84 (2000), pp. 43-61
[6.]
A. Lindh, S. Rossner.
Immediate intralipid clearence from plasma in critically ill patients after a single-dose injection.
Crit Care Med, 15 (1987), pp. 823-830
[7.]
P. Parfrey, R. Foley.
The clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in chronic renal failure.
J Am S Nephrology, 10 (1999), pp. 1606-1615
[8.]
M.A. Crook.
Lipid clearence and total parenteral nutrition: the importance of monitoring plasma lipids.
Nutrition, 16 (2000), pp. 774-775
[9.]
B. Hofbauer, H. Friess, K. Baczako, P. Kisling, M. Schilling, W. Uhl, et al.
Hyperlipaemia intensifies the course of acute oedematous and acute necrotising pancreatitis in the rat.
Gut, 38 (1996), pp. 753-758
[10.]
W.T. Donahoo, L.A. Kosmiski, R.H. Eckel.
Drugs causing dyslipoproteinemia.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 27 (1998), pp. 677-697
[11.]
J. Llop, P. Sabin, M. Garau, R. Burgos, M. Pérez, J. Masso, et al.
The importance of clinical factors in parenteral nutritionassociated hypertriglyceridemia.
Clin Nutr, 22 (2003), pp. 577-583
[12.]
Y.A. Carpentier, A. Van Gossum, D.Y. Dubois, R.J. Deckelbaum.
Lipid metabolism in parenteral nutrition.
Clinical nutrition: parenteral nutrition, 2nd ed., pp. 34-74
[13.]
R.J. Deckelbaum, Y. Carpentier, G. Olivecrona, A. Moser.
Hydrolisis of medium versus. long-chain triacylglycerol emulsion in pure and mixed intravenous lipid emulsions by purified lipoprotein lipases.
Clin Nutr, 5 (1986), pp. 54
[14.]
R.J. Deckelbaum, J.A. Hamilton, A. Moser, G. Bengtsson-Olivecrona, E. Butbul, Y.A. Carpentier, et al.
Medium-chain versus long-chain triacylglycerol emulsion hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase: implications for the mechanisms of lipase action.
Biochemistry, 29 (1990), pp. 1136-1142
[15.]
M.R. Forston, S.N. Freedman.
Clinical assessment of hyperlipidemic pancreatitis.
Am J Gastroenterol, 90 (1995), pp. 2134-2139
[16.]
J.P. Miller.
Serum triglycerides, the liver and the pancreas.
Curr Opin Lipidol, 11 (2000), pp. 377-382
[17.]
M. Díaz-Rubio, A. Espinós.
Tratado de medicina interna.
Editorial Panamericana, (1994),
[18.]
T. Chajek-Shaul, G. Friedman, O. Stein, E. Shiloni, J. Etienne, Y. Stein.
Mechanism of the hypertriglyceridemia induced by tumor necrosis factor administration to rats.
Biochim Biophys Acta, 1001 (1989), pp. 316-324
[19.]
K. Nonogaki, A.H. Moser, K. Feingold, C. Grunfeld.
Alphaadrenergic receptors mediate the hyperglycemia induced by endotoxin, but not tumor necrosis factor, in rats.
Endocrinology, 135 (1994), pp. 2644-2650
[20.]
P.Q. Bessey, J.M. Watters, T.T. Aoki, D.W. Wilmore.
Combined hormonal infusion simulates the metabolic response to injury.
Ann Surg, 200 (1984), pp. 264-281
[21.]
H.W. Harris, C. Grunfeld, K.R. Feingold, T.E. Read, J.P. Kane, A.L. Jones, et al.
Chylomicrons alter the fate of endotoxin, decreasing tumor necrosis factor release and preventing death.
J Clin Invest, 91 (1993), pp. 1028-1034
[22.]
W.A. Flegel, M.W. Baumstark, A. Weinstock Berg, H. Northoff.
Prevention of endotoxin- induced monokine release by human low and high density lipoproteins and by apolipoprotein A-1.
Infect Immun, 61 (1993), pp. 5140-5146
[23.]
K.R. Feingold, J.L. Funk, A.H. Moser, J.K. Shigenaga, J.H. Rapp, C. Grunfeld.
Role for circulating lipoproteins in protection from endotoxin toxicity.
Infect Immun, 63 (1995), pp. 2041-2046
[24.]
K.C. McCowen, A. Malhotra, B.R. Bistrian.
Stress-induced hyperglycemia.
Crit Care Clin, 17 (2001), pp. 107-124
[25.]
G. Van den Berghe, P.J. Wouters, R. Bouillon, F. Weekers, C. Verwaest, M. Schetz, et al.
Outcome benefit of intensive insulin therapy in the critically ill: insulin dose versus glycemic control.
Crit Care Med, 31 (2003), pp. 359-366
[26.]
G. Van den Berghe, P.J. Wouters, F. Weekers, C. Verwaest, F. Bruyninckx, M. Schetz, et al.
Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients.
N Engl J Med, 345 (2001), pp. 1359-1367
[27.]
R. Burgos, P. Chacón, Jiménez., P. Zuazu, E. Navarrete, P. Sabin, et al.
Role of fat emulsions in lipid metabolism in bone marrow tranplant.
Clin Nutr, 20 (2001), pp. 6
[28.]
A. De Francesco, F.A. Balzola, A. Come, A. Le Brun, D. Evard, P. Atlan, et al.
Long-term safety of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) with a new olive oil-based lipid emulsion (LE): a randomized, double-blind, comparative trial.
Clin Nutr, 18 (1999), pp. 48
[29.]
Balzola F. Olive oil: Clinoleic® a new lipid concept in parenteral nutrition. Satellite Symposium 20th Annual Meeting of ESPEN; Nice; 1998; p. 9-14.
[30.]
Beaufrère B. Efficacité nutritionelle et métabolique de Clinoléic n.r, 20%. Nutr Clin Métabol. Laboratoire de Nutrition Humaine, Clermond-Ferrand. 1996;Suppl:29-31.
[31.]
C.B. Brouwer, T.W.A. De Bruin, H. Jansen, W. Erkelens.
Different clearence of intravenously administered olive oil and soybeanoil emulsions: role of hepatic lipase.
Am J Clin Nutr, 57 (1993), pp. 533-539
[32.]
W. Erkelens, C.B. Brouwer, T.W.A. De Bruin.
Cinétique d’emulsions injectables à base d’huile d’olive et d’huile de soja (en perfusion intraveineuse) chez l’homme.
Nutr Clin Métabol, 10 (1996), pp. 15-20
[33.]
J.P. Masini, A. Fichelle, M. Pescio, G. Béréziat, J.M. Desmonts.
Tolérance clinique et biologique et effets sur paramètres lipidiques de clinoléic n.r. compáré à l’inralipide n.r. chez des patients de réanimation chirurgicale.
Nutr Clin Metabol, 10 (1996), pp. 21-24
[34.]
A.R. Dennison, M. Ball, L.J. Hands, P.J. Crowe, R.M. Watkins, M. Kettlewell.
Total parenteral nutrition using conventional and medium-chain triglycerids: effect on liver function tests, complement, and nitrogen balance.
J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 12 (1988), pp. 15-19
[35.]
M. Wicklmayr, K. Rett, G. Dietze, H. Mehnert.
Comparison of metabolic clearence rates of MCT/LCT and LCT emulsions in diabetics.
J Parenter Enteral Nutr, 12 (1988), pp. 68-71
[36.]
J.W. Kruimel, A.J.H. Naber, J.A. Van der Vliet, C. Carneheim, M.B. Katan, J.B. Jansen, et al.
Postoperative patients, utilize structured triglycerides more effectively than a physical mixture of medium and long-chain triglycerides.
J Parenter Enter Nutr, 21 (1997), pp. S6
[37.]
M.P. Chacón, G. Jiménez, J. Salvadó, P. Sabin, C. Pascual, M. Planas.
The effect of fatty emulsions with distinct trigliceride compositions on the lipid metabolism of septic patient.
Nutr Hosp, 15 (2000), pp. 13-17
[38.]
Y.A. Carpentier.
Intravascular metabolism of fat emulsions.
Clin Nutr, 8 (1989), pp. 115-125
[39.]
A. García de Lorenzo, M. Planas, A. Bonet, F.J. Jiménez, J.M. Sánchez, J. Ordoñez, et al.
Emulsions with different phospholipid/trigliceride ratio in septic and traumatic patients: a multicenter study.
Crit Care Med, 25 (1997), pp. A80
[40.]
J.C.N. Chan, C.S. Cockram.
Disorders of metabolism.
Textbook of adverse drug reactions, 4th ed.,
[41.]
Applied therapeutics: the clinical use of drugs,
[42.]
N.J. Stone.
Secondary causes of hyperlipidemia.
Med Clin North Am, 78 (1994), pp. 117-141
[43.]
M. Senti, J.M. Puig, J. Lloveras, C. Aubo, M. Mir, F. Barbosa, et al.
Effect of cyclosporine on serum lipoproteina (a) levels in renal transplant recipients.
Transplant Proc, 29 (1997), pp. 2404-2405
[44.]
O. Traindl, S. Reading, M. Franz, E. Pohanka, J. Pidlich, J. Kovarik, et al.
Cyclosporin A does not cause hyperlipidemia in kidney graft recipients.
Clin Transplant, 5 (1991), pp. 265-267
[45.]
G. Carrasco, R. Molina, J. Costa, J.M. Soler, L. Cabre.
Propofol versus Midazolam in short, medium, and long term sedation of critically ill patients. A cost-benefit analysis.
Chest, 103 (1993), pp. 557-564
[46.]
J. Mateu, F. Barrachina.
Hypertriglyceridemia associated with propofol sedation in criticall ill patients.
Intensive Care Med, 22 (1996), pp. 83-85
[47.]
L.J. Miller.
Propofol for the long-term sedation of a critically ill patient.
Am J Crit Care, 7 (1997), pp. 73-76
[48.]
J. Barr.
Propofol: a new drug for sedation in the intensive care unit.
Int Anesthesiol Clin, 33 (1995), pp. 131-154

El resto del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial de los Servicios de Farmacia Hospitalaria de Cataluña está formado por: Manuela Pérez, Jordi Massó, Daniel Cardona, Rosa Garriga, Susana Redondo, Maria Sagalés, Daniel Ferrer, Montserrat Pons, Xàvier Fàbregas, Maite Vitales, Tomàs Casasín, Juli Martínez y Lluis Morató.

Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos