covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Ácidos grasos trans y nutrición
Información de la revista
Vol. 50. Núm. 8.
Páginas 317-323 (agosto 2003)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 50. Núm. 8.
Páginas 317-323 (agosto 2003)
Acceso a texto completo
Ácidos grasos trans y nutrición
Trans fatty acids and nutrition
Visitas
10797
L. Enríquez*, A. GonzáLez-Quijano, R. Ollero, M. Iglesias, M.A. Rodríguez Criado, P. Matas
Unidad de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara. Cáceres. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

Los ácidos grasos trans (AGT) están presentes en la dieta habitual de los países occidentales. Aunque existen en pequeñas cantidades en alimentos naturales, su procedencia es mayoritariamente industrial. Su consumo se extendió e incrementó a lo largo del siglo XX, principalmente en Estados Unidos y en los países del norte y del centro de Europa; este hecho se vio favorecido por la idea difundida por la industria alimentaria de que sus efectos eran beneficiosos para la salud, en contraposición con la mantequilla y otras grasas naturales. Sin embargo, en las últimas décadas diversos trabajos científicos han sugerido que los AGT podrían intervenir en el desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades como la cardiopatía isquémica, el cáncer y algunas malformaciones nerviosas fetales. Esto ha determinado que en la actualidad, desde organizaciones científicas y sanitarias, se recomiende la limitación de su consumo. En este artículo se revisan los efectos nocivos de los AGT, analizando los factores que pueden favorecerlos o prevenirlos.

Palabras clave:
Ácidos grasos trans
Hipercolesterolemia
Cardiopatía isquémica

Trans fatty acids (TFA) are present in the usual diet of western countries. A small amount of TFA are present in natural food, but they are mainly found in industrial food. Daily intake of TFA markedly increased throughout the twentieth century, principally in the USA and northern and central European countries. This was favored by the food industry's dissemination of the belief that TFA were good for health, unlike butter and other vegetable fat. Nevertheless, in the last few years, several scientific studies have suggested that TFA might be involved in the development of several health problems, including coronary heart disease, cancer, and fetal neurodevelopment. Because of these findings, scientific and health-related organizations currently recommend limited intake of TFA. In the present article we review the possible health risks of TFA and analyze the factors that may increase or decrease these risks.

Key words:
Trans fatty acids
Hypercholesterolemia
Coronary heart disease
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
E. Canalejo, G. Martín Peña, L. Gómez Molero, J. Ruiz Galiana.
Un catálogo de ácidos grasos.
Nutr Hosp, 11 (1996), pp. 29-36
[2.]
E.A. Emken.
Nutrition and biochemistry of trans and positional fatty acid isomers in hydrogenated oils.
Ann Rev Nutr, 4 (1984), pp. 339-376
[3.]
K.F.A.M. Hulshof, M.A. van Erp-Baart, M. Anttolainen, W. Becker, S.M. Church, C. Couet, et al.
Intake of fatty acids in Western Europe with emphasis on trans fatty acids, the TRANSFAIR Study.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 53 (1999), pp. 143-157
[4.]
C. Alais, G. Linder.
Bioquímica de los alimentos.
pp. 201-203
[5.]
H.G. Muller, G. Tobin.
Nutrición y ciencia de los alimentos.
pp. 261-263
[6.]
J. Boatella, M. Rafecas, R. Codony.
Isomeric trans fatty acids in the Spanish diet and their relationships with changes in fat patterns.
Eur J Clin Nutr, 47 (1993), pp. S62-S65
[7.]
S.L. Elias, S.M. Innis.
Bakery food are the major dietary source of trans fatty acids among pregnant women with diets providing 30 percent energy from fat.
J Am Diet Assoc, 102 (2002), pp. 46-51
[8.]
Expert Panel on Trans Fatty Acids and coronary heart disease risk.
Am J Clin Nutr, 62 (1993), pp. 6555-7085
[9.]
J.E. Hunter, T.H. Applewhite.
Reassessement of trans fatty acid availability in the U.S. diet.
Am J Clin Nutr, 54 (1991), pp. 363-369
[10.]
A. Ascherio, M. Katan, P. Zock, M. Stampfer, W. Willett.
Trans fatty acids and coronary heart disease.
N Engl J Med, 340 (1999), pp. 1994-1998
[11.]
W.C. Willett, M.J. Stampfer, J.E. Manson, G.A. Colditz, F.E. Speizer, B.A. Rosner, et al.
Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women.
Lancet, 341 (1993), pp. 581-585
[12.]
L. Litin, F. Sacks.
Trans fatty acid content of common foods.
N Engl J Med, 329 (1993), pp. 1969-1970
[13.]
M.G. Ening, S. Atal, M. Keeney, J. Sampugna.
Isomeric trans fatty acids in the U.S.A. diet.
J Am Coll Nutr, 9 (1990), pp. 471-486
[14.]
A. Aro, A.F.M. Kardinaal, I. Salminen, J.D. Kark, R.A. Riemersma, M. Delgado Rodriguez, et al.
Adipose tissue isomeric trans fatty acids and risk of miocardial infarctation in nine countries; the EURAMIC Study.
Lancet, 345 (1995), pp. 273-278
[15.]
P.J.M. Huishof, P.L. Zock, T. Kosmeijer, P. van de Bovenkamp, M.B. Katan.
Daling transvetzuren, maar niet in alle grootverbruikproducten.
Voeding, 5 (1998), pp. 24-27
[16.]
G.V. Mann.
Consecuencias metabólicas de los ácidos grasos trans en la dieta.
Lancet (ed.esp.), 343 (1994), pp. 1268-1271
[17.]
H. Muller, B. Kirkhus, J.I. Pedersen.
Serum cholesterol predictive equations with special emphasis on trans and saturated fatty acids; an analysis from designed controlled studies.
Lipids, 36 (2001), pp. 783-791
[18.]
M.A. Denke, B. Adams-Huet, A.T. Nguyen.
Individual cholesterol variation in response to margarina or butter-based diet.
JAMA, 284 (2000), pp. 2740-2744
[19.]
J.E. Kinsella, G. Bruckner, J. Mai, J. Shimp.
Metabolism of trans fatty acids with emphasis on the effects on trans, trans-octadecadienoate on lipid composition, essential fatty acids, and prostaglandins; an overview.
Am J Clin Nutr, 34 (1981), pp. 2307-2318
[20.]
G.N. Han, L.S. Leka, A.H. Lichtenstein, L.M. Ausman, E.J. Schaefer, S.N. Meydani.
Effect of hydrogenated and satured relative to polyunsaturated fat on immune and inflammatory responses of adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia.
J Lipid Res, 43 (2002), pp. 445-452
[21.]
M.C. Craig-Schmidt.
Isomeric fatty acids; evaluating status and implication for maternal and child health.
Lipid, 36 (2001), pp. 997-1006
[22.]
J. Salmeron, F.B. Hu, J.E. Manson, M.J. Stampfer, G.H. Colditz, E.B. Rimm, et al.
Dietary fat intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
Am J Clin Nutr, 73 (2001), pp. 1019-1026
[23.]
F.B. Hu, R.M. van Dam, S. Llin.
Diet and risk of type 2 diabetes; the role of types of fat and carbohydrate.
Diabetologia, 44 (2001), pp. 805-817
[24.]
A. Ascherio, C.H. Henneckens, J.E. Buring, C. Master, M.J. Stampfer, W.C. Willet.
Trans fatty acids intake and risk of myocardial infarctation.
Circulation, 89 (1994), pp. 94-101
[25.]
A. Ascherio, E.B. Rimm, E.L. Giovannucci, D. Spiegelman, M. Stamfer, W.C. Willet.
Dietary fat and risk of coronary heart disease in man; cohort follow up study in United States.
BMJ, 313 (1996), pp. 84-90
[26.]
C. Bolton-Smith, M. Woodward, S. Fenton, C.A. Brown.
Does dietary trans fatty acids intake relate to prevalence of coronary heart disease in Scotland.
Eur Heart J, 17 (1996), pp. 837-845
[27.]
P. Pietinen, A. Ascherio, P. Korhonen, A.M. Hartman, W.C. Willet, C. Albanes, et al.
Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men; the Alpha-tocopherol Betacarotene Cancer Prevention Study.
Am J Epidemiol, 145 (1997), pp. 876-887
[28.]
F.B. Hu, M.J. Stamfer, J. Manson, E. Rimm, G.H. Colditz, B.A. Rosner, et al.
Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women.
N Engl J Med, 337 (1997), pp. 1491-1499
[29.]
C.M. Oomen, C.M. Ocke, E.J.M. Feskens, M.A. van Erp-Baart, F.J. Kok, D. Kromhout.
Association between trans fatty acid intake and 10 year risk of coronary heart disease in the Zutphen Eldely Study; a prospective population-based study.
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 746-751
[30.]
L.H. Thomas, J.A. Winter, R.G. Scott.
Concentration of 18:1 16:1 transunsaturated fatty acids in the adipose body tissue of decedents dying of ischemic hearth disease compared with control: analysis by gas liquid chromatography.
J Epidemiol Commun Health, 37 (1983), pp. 16-21
[31.]
P. Mc Keigue.
Ácidos grasos trans y cardiopatía coronaria: sopesando la evidencia contra la grasa solidificada.
Lancet (ed.esp.), 345 (1995), pp. 269-270
[32.]
Health aspect of dietary trans fatty acids: August 1985,
[33.]
A.H. Lichtenstein.
Trans fatty acids, plasma lipid level and risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Circulation, 95 (1997), pp. 2588-2596
[34.]
S. Stenden, J. Dyerbey.
The importance of trans fatty acids for health. Update 2001.
UgesKr Laegen, 163 (2001), pp. 2349-2353
[35.]
T.L. Roberts, P.A. Wood, R.A. Riemersma, P.T. Gallagher, F.C. Lampe.
Isómeros trans de los ácidos oleico y linoleico en el tejido adiposo y muerte cardíaca súbita.
Lancet (ed.esp.), 345 (1995), pp. 278-282
[36.]
R.N. Lemaitre, I.B. King, T.E. Raghunathan, R.M. Pearce, S. Weissmann, R.H. Knopp, et al.
Cell membrane trans-fatty acids and the risk of primary cardiac arrest.
Circulation, 105 (2002), pp. 669-671
[37.]
L. Kohlmeier, N. Simonsen, P. van't Veer, J.J. Strain, J.M. Martín Moreno, B. Margolin, et al.
Adipose tissue trans fatty acids and breast cancer in the European Community Multicentre Study on Antioxidants. Miocardial Infarctation and Breast Cancer.
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 6 (1997), pp. 705-710
[38.]
M.L. Slattery, J. Benson, K.N. Ma, D. Schaffer, J.D. Potter.
Trans fatty acid and colon cancer.
Nutr Cancer, 39 (2001), pp. 170-175
[39.]
J.D. Palombo, A. Ganguly, B.R. Bristian, M.P. Menard.
The antiproliferative effects of biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid on human colorectal and prostatic cancer cells.
Cancer Lett, 177 (2002), pp. 163-172
[40.]
U. Riserus, P. Arner, K. Brismar, B. Vessby.
Treatment with dietary trans 10 cis 12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer specific insulin resistence in obese men with the metabolic syndrome.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 1516-1521
[41.]
ADA Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Complications.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 550-560
[42.]
F.B. Hu, W.C. Willet.
Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease.
JAMA, 288 (2002), pp. 2569-2570
Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos