Efecto del polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC en el gen del receptor 3 de la melanocortina en el riesgo de obesidad en población española

Información del artículo

Objetivo

El receptor 3 de la melanocortina (MC3R) ha sido implicado en la regulación de la homeostasis energética y en el peso corporal. Nuestro objetivo es conocer si el polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC en dicho gen se asocia con el riesgo de obesidad en población española.

Material y método

Se ha realizado un estudio de casos y controles con 303 casos de obesidad y 606 controles apareados por sexo y edad. Se determinaron variables antropométricas y del estilo de vida y el polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC en el gen del MC3R.

Resultados

La frecuencia alélica para la variante +2138InsCAGACC para el total de la población fue de 0,29, y resultó ligeramente menos frecuente en el grupo de casos que en el de controles. Así, en el análisis bruto, los portadores de la variante +2138InsCAGACC presentan un menor riesgo de obesidad, en el límite de la significación estadística (odds ratio [OR]=0,73; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 0,53-1,01; p=0,056), que apenas se modificó al controlar por posibles variables de confusión. Al analizar la asociación entre este polimorfismo y el peso corporal, se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con un menor peso. Esta asociación fue específica del grupo de personas obesas, de forma que los portadores de la variante +2138InsCAGACC presentaron un menor peso medio que los no portadores (99,8±22,7 frente a 94,2±20,7kg; p=0,04).

Conclusiones

El polimorfismo +2138InsCAGACC se asocia con menor peso corporal en personas obesas y tiende a asociarse a un menor riesgo de obesidad. Son necesarios más estudios en otras poblaciones para confirmar estos hallazgos.

Palabras clave:

Melanocortina

Receptor

Obesidad

Polimorfismo

Objective

The melanocortin 3 receptor gene (MC3R) has been implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis and body weight. Our aim was to determine whether the +2138InsCAGACC polymorphism in that gene is associated with obesity risk in the Spanish population.

Material and method

A case-control study was carried out, including 303 obesity cases paired by sex and age with 606 controls. Anthropometrical data, lifestyle, and the +2138InsCAGACC polymorphism in the MC3R gene were determined.

Results

The allele frequency for the +2138InsCAGACC variant for the total population was 0.29 and was slightly less frequent in cases than in controls. Thus, in the raw analysis, +2138InsCAGACC carriers showed a lower obesity risk, at the limit of statistical significance (odds ratio [OR]=0.73; 95% confidente interval [CI], 0.53-1.01; p=0.056), which hardly changed after adjustment for potential confounders. Analysis of the association between this polymorphism and body weight revealed a statistically significant association with lower weight. This association was specific for the obese group; thus +2138InsCAGACC carriers had a lower mean weight than non-carriers (99.8±22.7 vs 94.2±20.7kg; p=0.04).

Conclusions

The +2138InsCAGACC polymorphism is associated with lower body weight in obese people and tends to be associated with a lower risk of obesity. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Key words:

Melanocortin

Receptor

Obesity

Polymorphism

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☆

Este trabajo ha sido parcialmente financiado por la Generalitat Valenciana (grupos 2004-43) y por el Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER/06/03/0035).

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