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Vol. 53. Núm. 6.
Páginas 390-398 (junio 2006)
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Vol. 53. Núm. 6.
Páginas 390-398 (junio 2006)
A debate: tratamiento con 131I en el microcarcinoma de tiroides
Acceso a texto completo
Microcarcinoma papilar de tiroides. ¿Es necesario el tratamiento con 131I tras la cirugía? Argumentos a favor
Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Is 131I ablation therapy necessary after surgery? Arguments in favor
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J.J. Corrales Hernández
Autor para correspondencia
corrales@usal.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.J. Corrales Hernández. Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Universitario. P.° de San Vicente, 58. 37007 Salamanca. España.
, D. Martín Iglesias, F.J. Gómez Alfonso
Servicio de Endocrinología. Departamento de Medicina. Hospital Universitario. Salamanca. España
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El microcarcinoma papilar tiroideo (MPT) es una lesión maligna de diámetro máximo ≤ 10mm. En nuestra experiencia representa un 18,5% del total de los carcinomas papilares tiroideos y su incidencia ha aumentado en los últimos lustros. Cada uno de los focos de malignidad tiene un origen clonal independiente en un elevado porcentaje de los pacientes. Aunque tiene un pronóstico excelente, con tasas de mortalidad inferiores a un 3% 30 años después del tratamiento quirúrgico, puede dar lugar a morbilidad significativa por metástasis a distancia y/o recidivas regionales. Su descubrimiento puede ser incidental (encontrado de manera inesperada por la intervención de una lesión benigna tiroidea) o no incidental (detectado antes de la intervención, con motivo de una adenopatía palpable, metástasis a distancia o biopsia aspirativa, realizada o no con control ecográfíco). Su tratamiento está en controversia, dada la ausencia de estudios prospectivos de diseño adecuado en los que se haya analizado el tratamiento y el seguimiento posterapéutico más adecuados. Las diferentes líneas directrices no concuerdan en diversos aspectos de los procedimientos terapéuticos. Nosotros, desde hace 35 años, proponemos a la mayoría de nuestros pacientes tiroidectomía total o casi total, seguida de tratamiento ablativo del remanente tiroideo con 131I,basándonos en la eficacia del procedimiento en términos de resultados y para facilitar el seguimiento de una condición en la que no hay marcadores prospectivos inequívocos de recidiva.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma tiroideo
Carcinoma papilar
Microcarcinoma tiroideo
Carcinoma tiroideo oculto
Carcinoma tiroideo mínimo
Ablación tiroidea con 131I

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTM) is a malignant lesion with a diameter of 10 mm or less. In our experience, it accounts for 18.5% of all cases of papillary carcinoma and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. In a high percentage of patients, each of the foci in multicentric PTM has an independent clonal origin. Although it has an excellent prognosis, with mortality rates 30 years after surgical treatment below 3%, PTM may give rise to significant morbidity in terms of loco-regional recurrence and/or distant metastases. Clinically, it may present as an incidental lesion, discovered unexpectedly after surgery for benign thyroid disease, or non-incidentally, detected before surgery due to lymph node metastases, distant metastases and/or fineneedle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid, whether guided by ultrasonography or not. Given the absence of prospective, well designed clinical trials, treatment of this entity is controversial. The various guidelines do not agree on therapeutic procedures or follow-up methods. For the past 35 years, we have been performing a relatively uniform therapeutic protocol of total or near total thyroidectomy followed by 131I ablation therapy in most of our patients. So far mortality and morbidity have been acceptable. This approach also facilitates the follow-up of an entity for which no specific markers of future recurrence are available.

Key words:
Thyroid cancer
Papillary microcarcinoma
Thyroid microcarcinoma
Occult thyroid carcinoma
Minimal thyroid carcinoma
131I ablative therapy
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