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Vol. 52. Núm. 7.
Páginas 358-364 (septiembre 2005)
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Vol. 52. Núm. 7.
Páginas 358-364 (septiembre 2005)
Revisiones
Acceso a texto completo
Monitorización del tratamiento con tiroxina en el hipotiroidismo primario y central
Monitoring of thyroxine treatment in primary and central hypothyroidism
Visitas
11628
G. Sesmilo
Autor para correspondencia
gsesmilo@clinic.ub.es

Correspondencia: Dr. G. Sesmilo. Servei d’Endocrinologia. Hospital Clínic. Villarroel, 170, Esc. 11, 2.° piso. 08036 Barcelona. España.
Servei d’Endocrinologia. Hospital Clínic i Institut Universitari Dexeus. Barcelona. España
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Información del artículo

En general, el tratamiento del hipotiroidismo con levotiroxina es un tratamiento satisfactorio, aunque algunos pacientes refieren dificultad en retornar a la situación clínica premórbida. La monitorización del tratamiento se realiza mediante la clínica y las concentraciones de tirotropina y tiroxina libre, aunque algunos autores recomiendan, en algunos casos, determinar sólo concentraciones de tirotropina, siempre hay que individualizar en función de las características del paciente. El objetivo es obtener concentraciones de tiroxina libre en la mitad superior del intervalo de normalidad y concentraciones de tirotropina entre 0,4 y 2 mU/l, aunque para algunos expertos, en el hipotiroidismo primario, se aceptan concentraciones de tirotropina por debajo del límite normal si el paciente presenta clínica de hipotiroidismo cuando la tirotropina es normal. Para la determinación de la tirotropina debemos utilizar ensayos de sensibilidad funcional inferior o igual a 0,02 mU/l. Para la determinación de la tiroxina y la triyodotironina libre, podemos utilizar ensayos automatizados de ligandos, aunque es importante conocer que éstos tienen cierta dependencia de las proteínas transportadoras y que no todos los ensayos tienen la misma precisión.

La monitorización del hipotiroidismo central se realiza mediante determinación de tiroxina libre que debe mantenerse en el tercio más alto del límite normal, la triyodotironina libre puede añadir sensibilidad en la detección de casos de tratamiento no óptimo. La clínica, aunque es fundamental en el seguimiento de los pacientes, es muy inespecífica en la detección de la sobre e infradosificación. En el hipotiroidismo entral, a veces, otros parámetros bioquímicos como el receptor soluble de la interleucina-2, pueden ser útiles en la detección de casos de tratamiento no óptimo.

Palabras clave:
Hipotiroidismo
Tratamiento
Levotiroxina
Monitorización

In general, treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine (LT4) is satisfactory, although some patients report difficulty in returning to their premorbid clinical status. Treatment monitoring is performed through symptom evaluation and determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 concentrations, although in selected patients, some authors recommend TSH determination alone, depending on the patient's characteristics and based on an individualized approach. The aim is to achieve free T4 concentrations in the upper half of the normal range and TSH concentrations of between 0.4 and 2 mUI/L, although some experts believe that in primary hypothyroidism, TSH concentrations below the normal limit are acceptable if the patient shows symptoms of hypothyroidism when TSH levels are normal. For TSH determination, assays with a functional sensitivity of less than or equal to 0.02 mUI/L should be used. For free T4 and T3 determination, automated ligand assays can be used, although these show a certain dependency on transport proteins and not all assays have the same precision.

Monitoring of central hypothyroidism is performed through free T4 determination and levels should be maintained in the upper third of the normal range. Free T3 may add sensitivity in the detection of cases of suboptimal treatment. Clinical findings, although fundamental in patient follow-up, are highly nonspecific in the detection of over- and under-dosing. In central hypothyroidism, sometimes other biochemical parameters such as the interleukin-2 soluble receptor can be useful in detecting cases of suboptimal treatment.

Key words:
Hypothyroidism
Treatment
Levothyroxine
Monitoring
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