covid
Buscar en
Endocrinología y Nutrición
Toda la web
Inicio Endocrinología y Nutrición Protocolo para el estudio de trastornos debidos a la deficiencia nutricional de ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 52. Núm. 3.
Páginas 105-124 (marzo 2005)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 52. Núm. 3.
Páginas 105-124 (marzo 2005)
Artículo especial
Acceso a texto completo
Protocolo para el estudio de trastornos debidos a la deficiencia nutricional de yodo
Protocol for the study of iodine deficiency disorders
Visitas
8291
F. Soriguera,
Autor para correspondencia
federico.soriguer.sspa@juntadeandalucia.es

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Soriguer. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Civil. Complejo Hospitalario Carlos Haya. Plaza del Hospital Civil, s/n. 29009 Málaga. España.
, E. García-Fuentesa, G. Rojoa, P. Santiagob, G. Olveiraa, M.J. Garrigaa, F. Tinahonesa, S. González-Romeroa, I. Estevaa
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Civil. Complejo Hospitalario Carlos Haya. Málaga. España
b Unidad de Endocrinología. Complejo Hospitalario Ciudad de Jaén. Jaén. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

El protocolo aquí presentado es el desarrollo de la ponencia del mismo título expuesta en la mesa redonda sobre yododeficiencia del congreso de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología (SEEN) celebrado en Cáceres. En él se recogen las experiencias de protocolización previas que se han producido en España para el estudio de los trastornos por déficit de yodo, que han sido de gran utilidad para sistematizar los estudios realizados en los últimos años. Con este protocolo se pretende actualizar la sistemática del estudio de los trastornos por déficit de yodo en el contexto de los nuevos conocimientos y de los importantes cambios sociosanitarios que se han producido en los últimos años.

Palabras clave:
Trastornos por déficit de yodo
Bocio
Yodo
Tirotropina
Tiroglobulina
Volumen tiroideo

The protocol presented herein is an extension of the communication with the same title delivered during the round table on iodine deficiency at the meeting of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition in Caceres. The protocol collates the experience gained from previous protocols for the study of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Spain, which have proved highly useful for the systematic study of these disorders in recent years. This new protocol aims to update the systematic study of IDD in the context of new knowledge and the considerable social and healthcare changes that have taken place in recent years.

Key words:
Iodine deficiency disorders
Goiter
Iodine
Thyrotropin
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid volume
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
L. Ferreiro Aláez, F. Escobar del Rey.
100 años de literatura sobre el bocio endémico en España.
Endocrinología, 34 (1987), pp. 10-24
[2.]
F. Escobar Del Rey, J. Mallol, A. Gómez-Pan.
Protocolo para el estudio del bocio endémico.
Endocrinología, 28 (1981), pp. 11-18
[3.]
C. Pérez, N.S. Scrimshaw, J.A. Muñoz.
Technique of endemic goiter surveys.
Endemic goiter, WHO Monograph Series, (1960),
[4.]
E.A. Pretell, F. Moncloa, R. Salinas, A. Kawano, R. Guerra-García, L. Gutiérrez, et al.
Endemic goiter in rural Peru.
Endemic goiter, pp. 419
[5.]
A. Querido, F. Delange, J.T. Dunn, R. Fierro-Benítez, H.K. Ibbertson, D.A. Kourtas, et al.
Definitions of endemic goiter and cretinism: classification of goiter size and severity of endemics and survey techniques.
Endemic goiter and cretinism: continuing threats to world health, pp. 267-272
[6.]
T. Jolin, F. Escobar del Rey.
Evaluation of iodine/creatinine ratios of casual samples as indices of daily urinary iodine output during field studies.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 25 (1965), pp. 540-541
[7.]
B.S. Hetzel.
Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and their erradication.
Lancet, 2 (1983), pp. 1126-1129
[8.]
R.D. Semba, F. Delange.
Iodine in human milk: perspectives for infant health.
Nutr Rev, 59 (2001), pp. 269-278
[9.]
X. Carne, V. Moreno, M. Porta Serra, E. Velilla.
El cálculo del número de pacientes necesarios en la planificación de un estudio clínico.
Med Clin (Barc), 92 (1989), pp. 72-77
[10.]
Sullivan KM, May S, Maberly G. Urinary iodine assessment: a manual on survey and laboratory methods. 2nd ed. UNICEF/ PAMM; 2000.
[11.]
Sullivan KM, Houston RM, Gorstein J, Cervinskas J. Monitoring universal salt iodization programmes. UNICEF/MI/ICCIDD/ WHO publication. 1995.
[12.]
N. Binkin, K. Sullivan, N. Staehling, P. Nieburg.
Rapid nutrition surveys: how many clusters are enough?.
[13.]
ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition.
Guidelines on infant nutrition. III. Recommendations for infant feeding.
Acta Paediatr Scand, 302 (1982), pp. 1-27
[14.]
WHO/UNICEF/ ICCIDD. Recommended iodine levels in salt and guidelines for monitoring their adequacy and effectiveness. Geneva: WHO; 1996 [documento no publicado]. WHO/NUT/ 96.13; available on request from Department of Nutrition for Heath and Development, World Health Organization, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
[15.]
F. Delange.
Optimal iodine nutrition during pregnancy, lactation and the neonatal period.
Int J Endocrinol Metab, 2 (2004), pp. 1-12
[16.]
G. Morreale de Escobar, M.J. Obregón, F. Escobar del Rey.
Role of thyroid hormone during early brain development.
Eur J Endocrinol, 151 (2004), pp. U25-U37
[17.]
Consenso para la prevención y control de los trastornos causados por la deficiencia de yodo en España.
Endocrinología, 40 (1993), pp. 305-307
[18.]
F. Escobar del Rey, G. Morreale de Escobar.
Yodación universal de la sal: un derecho humano de la infancia.
Endocrinol Nutr, 45 (1998), pp. 4-16
[19.]
M. Millón, F. Soriguer, R. Muñoz, I. Mancha, E. Gómez-Huelga, E. Goiburu, et al.
Los determinantes de la yoduria en una población escolar del sur de España.
Endocrinol Nutr, 48 (2001), pp. 104-109
[20.]
WHO/UNICEF/ ICCIDD.
Assessment of iodine deficiency disorders and monitoring their elimination: a guide for programme managers.
2nd ed., WHO, (2001),
[21.]
Salt iodizations for the elimination of iodine deficiency,
[22.]
E.M. De Maeyer, F.W. Lowenstein, C.H. Thilly.
The control of endemic goiter.
WHO, (1979),
[23.]
R.L. Vought, W.T. Londom, L. Lutwak, T.D. Dublin.
Reliability of estimates of serum inorganic iodine and daily faecal and urinary iodine excretion from single casual specimens.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 23 (1963), pp. 1218-1228
[24.]
F. Delange, S. Bastani, M. Benmiloud, E. Demaeyer, M.G. Isayama, D. Koutras, et al.
Definitions of endemic goiter and cretinism, classification of goiter size and severity of endemias, and survey techniques.
Towards the eradication of endemic goiter, cretinism, and iodine deficiency, pp. 373-376
[25.]
R.S. Gibson.
Principles of nutritional assessment.
Oxford University Press, (1990),
[26.]
P. Bourdoux, C. Thilly, F. Delange, A.M. Ermans.
A new look at old concepts in laboratory evaluation of endemic goiter.
Towards the eradication of endemic goiter, cretinism, and iodine deficiency, pp. 115-129
[27.]
I. Domínguez, S. Reviriego, G. Rojo-Martínez, M.J. Valdés, R. Carrasco, I. Coronas, et al.
Déficit de yodo y función tiroidea en una población de mujeres embarazadas sanas.
Med Clin (Barc), 122 (2004), pp. 449-453
[28.]
D.J. Greenblatt, B.J. Rausil, J.S. Harmatz, T.W. Smith, D.W. Duhme, J. Koch-Weser.
Variability of 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion by normal subjects.
J Clin Pharmacol, 16 (1976), pp. 321-328
[29.]
F. Escobar del Rey.
Bocio endémico y deficiencia de yodo en España. Número monográfico.
Endocrinol Nutr, 34 (1987),
[30.]
F. Escobar del Rey.
Bocio endémico en España (I). Número monográfico.
Endocrinología, 40 (1993), pp. 205-243
[31.]
G. Morreale de Escobar.
Bocio endémico en España (II). Número monográfico.
Endocrinología, 40 (1993), pp. 257-305
[32.]
Moreno F, Soriguer F. El cociente yodo/creatinina revisado. 41 Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Málaga; 1999.
[33.]
R. Gómez Huelga, M.C. Millón, F. Soriguer, I. Mancha, M.J. Garriga, R. Muñoz, et al.
Comparación de diferentes criterios de diagnóstico poblacional de la deficiencia de yodo (DDY). Prevalencia de bocio endémico en la Axarquía (Málaga).
Endocrinol Nutr, 47 (2000), pp. 260-266
[34.]
J.P. Chanoine, P. Bourdoux, N.B. Vo Thi, A.M. Ermans.
Iodine contamination of urine samples by test strips.
Clin Chem, 33 (1987), pp. 1935
[35.]
E.B. Sandell, I.M. Kolthoff.
Micro determination of iodine by catalytic method.
Mikrochem Acta, 1 (1937), pp. 9-25
[36.]
B. Zak, H.H. Willard, G.B. Myers, A.J. Boyle.
Chloric acid method for determination of protein-bound iodine.
Annal Chem, 24 (1952), pp. 1345-1348
[37.]
J. Benotti, N. Benotti.
Protein bound iodine, total iodine and protein and butanol extractable iodine by partial automation.
Clin Chem, 9 (1963), pp. 408-416
[38.]
S. Pino, S. Fang, L.E. Braverman.
Ammonium persulfate: a safe alternative oxidizing reagent for measuring urinary iodine.
Clin Chem, 42 (1996), pp. 239-243
[39.]
J. Dunn.
Method for assessing and monitoring iodine nutrition.
IDD Newsletter, 14 (1998), pp. 37
[40.]
T. Ohashi, M. Yamaki, C.S. Pandav, M.G. Karmarkar, M. Irie.
Simple microplate method for determination of urinary iodine.
Clin Chem, 46 (2000), pp. 529-536
[41.]
P. Unak, S. Darcan, F. Yurt, Z. Biber, M. Coker.
Determination of iodide amounts in urine and water by isotope dilution analysis.
Biol Trace Elem Res, (1999), pp. 71-72
[42.]
J. Rendl, S. Seybold, W. Borner.
Urinary iodide determined by paired-ion reversed-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection.
Clin Chem, 40 (1994), pp. 908-913
[43.]
D. Bier, J. Rendl, M. Ziemann, D. Freystadt, C. Reiners.
Methodological and analytical aspects of simple methods for measuring iodine in urine. Comparison with HPLC and Technicon Autoanalyzer II.
Exp Clin Endocrinol, 106 (1998), pp. S27-S31
[44.]
D. Gnat, A.D. Dunn, S. Chaker, F. Delange, F. Vertongen, J.T. Dunn.
Fast colorimetric method for measuring urinary iodine.
Clin Chem, 49 (2003), pp. 186-188
[45.]
J. Rendl, D. Bier, T. Groh, C. Reiners.
Rapid urinary iodide test.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83 (1998), pp. 1007-1012
[46.]
K. Tsuda, H. Namba, T. Nomura, N. Yokoyama, S. Yamashita, M. Izumi, et al.
Automated assay for urinary iodine with ultraviolet irradiation.
Clin Chem, 41 (1995), pp. 581-585
[47.]
R. Wahl, M. Breidt, E. Kallee.
Iodide supplementation: 200 mg daily or 1,500 mg weekly?.
Z Ernährungswiss, 37 (1998), pp. 18-21
[48.]
C.H. Todd, J.T. Dunn.
Intermittent oral administration of potassium iodide solution for the correction of iodine deficiency.
Am J Clin Nutr, 67 (1998), pp. 1279-1283
[49.]
F. Manz, T. Böhmer, R. Gärtner, R. Grossklaus, M. Klett, R. Schneider.
Quantification of iodine supply: representative data on intake and urinary excretion of iodine from the German population in 1996.
Ann Nutr Metab, 46 (2002), pp. 128-138
[50.]
S. Andersen, K.M. Pedersen, I.B. Pedersen, P. Laurberg.
Variations in urinary iodine excretion and thyroid function. A 1-year study in healthy men.
Eur J Endocrinol, 44 (2001), pp. 461-465
[51.]
Scientific Committee on Food Opinion of the Scientific Committee on Food on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of Iodine. Brussels: European Commission Health, SCF/CS/NUT/UPPLEV/ 26 Final 2002.
[52.]
F. Delange, B. De Benoist, D. Alnwick.
Risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism following correction of iodine deficiency by iodised salt.
Thyroid, 6 (1999), pp. 545-556
[53.]
C.H. Todd, T. Allain, Z. Gomo, J.A. Hasler, M. Ndiweni, E. Oken.
Increase in thyrotoxicosis associated with iodine supplements in Zimbabwe.
Lancet, 346 (1995), pp. 1563-1564
[54.]
F. Soriguer, M.C. Millón, R. Muñoz, I. Mancha, J.P. López Siguero, M.J. Martínez Aedo, et al.
The auditory threshold in a school- age population is related to iodine intake and thyroid function.
Thyroid, 10 (2001), pp. 991-999
[55.]
J.M. Gómez, F.S. Maravall, N. Gómez, A. Gumá, J. Soler.
Determinants of thyroid volume as measured by ultrasonography in healthy adults randomly selected.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 53 (2000), pp. 629-634
[56.]
Marañón G. Etat actuelle de probleme du goitre endémic en Espagne. I Conference Internat du Goitre. Berne; 1928.
[57.]
S.N. Rasmussen, L. Hjorth.
Determination of thyroid volume by ultrasonic scanning.
J Clin Ultrasound, 2 (1974), pp. 143-146
[58.]
H.R.K. Lisbôa, J.L. Gross, A. Orsolin, S. Fuchs.
Clinical examination is not an accurate method of defining the presence of goitre in schoolchildren.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 45 (1996), pp. 471-475
[59.]
S. Peterson, A. Sanga, H. Eklof, E. Bunka, A. Taube, M. Gebre-Medhin, H. Rosling.
Classification of thyroid size by palpation and ultrasonography in field surveys.
[60.]
WHO/ICCIDD.
Recommended normative values for thyroid volume in children aged 6-15 years.
Bull WHO, 75 (1997), pp. 95-97
[61.]
L.C. Foo, A. Zulfiqar, M. Nafikudin, M.T. Fadzil, A.S.A. Asmah.
Local versus WHO/ICCIDD-recommended thyroid volume reference in the assessment of iodine deficiency disorders.
Eur J Endocrinol, 140 (1999), pp. 491-497
[62.]
J. Brunn, U. Blocjk, J. Ruf, I. Bos, W.P. Kunze, P.C. Scriba.
Volumetrie der schildrüsenlappen mittels real-time-sonographie.
Deut Mediz Woch, 106 (1981), pp. 1338-1340
[63.]
P. Vitti, E. Martino, F. Aghini-Lombardi, T. Rago, L. Antonangeli, D. Maccherini.
Thyroid volume measurement by ultrasound in children as a tool for the assessment of mild iodine deficiency.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 79 (1994), pp. 600-603
[64.]
F. Delange, G. Benker, P. Caron, O. Eber, W. Ott, F. Peter, et al.
Thyroid volume and urinary iodine in European schoolchildren: standardization of values for assessment of iodine deficiency.
Eur J Endocrinol, 136 (1997), pp. 180-187
[65.]
D. DuBois, E.F. DuBois.
A formula to estimate the approximate surface area if height and weight be known.
Arch Intern Med, 17 (1916), pp. 863-871
[66.]
R. Muñoz, F. Soriguer, M.C. Millón, J.P. López, M.J. Martínez, M.S. Ruiz de Adana, et al.
Palpación de tiroides vs ecografía de tiroides. Tienen el mismo significado?.
Endocrinol Nutr, 46 (1999), pp. 23
[67.]
A. Berghout, W.M. Wiersinga, N.J. Smith, J.L. Touber.
The value of thyroid volume measured by ultrasonography in diagnosis of goiter.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf), 28 (1988), pp. 409-414
[68.]
S.A. Ivarsson, P.H. Persson, U.B. Ericsson.
Thyroid gland volume as measured by ultrasonography in healthy children and adolescents in a non-iodine deficient area.
Acta Paediatr Scand, 78 (1989), pp. 653-654
[69.]
R. Oberhofer, A. Ober, F. Oberkofler, H. Amor.
Thyroid gland volumes of healthy adults in an area with endemic goiter.
Acta Med Austriaca, 16 (1989), pp. 38-41
[70.]
D. Ueda.
Normal volume of thyroid gland in children.
J Clin Ultrasound, 18 (1990), pp. 455-462
[71.]
R.M. Tekalo, H.P. Madarainen, R.K. Jaakkola.
Thyroid gland volume and echo structure in 13-year-old children in Northern Finland.
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 124 (1991), pp. 238-244
[72.]
G. Erdogan, S. Gullu, M. Erdogan, H. Sav, Y. Yauvz.
Normal thyroid volume of young adults in Turkey.
IDD Newsletter, 13 (1997), pp. 57-58
[73.]
R. Gutekunst, H. Smolarek, U. Hasenpusch, P. Stubbe, H.J. Friedrich, W.G. Wood, et al.
Goiter epidemiology: thyroid volume, iodine excretion, thyoglobulin and thyrotropin in Germany and Sweden.
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 112 (1986), pp. 494-501
[74.]
L. Hegedus, N. Rasmussen, N. Knudsen.
Seasonal variation in thyroid size in healthy males.
Horm Metab Res, 19 (1987), pp. 391-392
[75.]
J.N. Rezzónico, N. Bossa, P. Muñoz, R. Leiva.
Volumen tiroideo ecográfico en mujeres normales: correlación con variables antropométricas y edad. Comparación con varones y mujeres obesas. Influencia del ciclo menstrual, las estaciones y el ejercicio.
Endocrinol Nutr, 44 (1997), pp. 213-217
[76.]
F. Xu, K. Sullivan, R. Houston, J. Zhao, W. May, G. Maberly.
Thyroid volumes in US and Bangladeshi schoolchildren: comparison with European schoolchildren.
Eur J Endocrinol, 140 (1999), pp. 498-504
[77.]
J.P. Nordmeyer, M. Simons, C. Wenzel, T. Scholten.
How accurate is the assessment of thyroid volume by palpation? A prospective study of 316 patients.
Exp Clin Endocrinol, 105 (1997), pp. 366-371
[78.]
G.N. Burrow, J.H. Dussault.
Neonatal thyroid screening,
[79.]
M.B. Zimmermann, S.Y. Hess, L. Molinari, B. De Benoist, F. Delange, L.E. Braverman, et al.
New reference values for thyroid volume by ultrasound in iodine-sufficient schoolchildren: a World Health Organization/Nutrition for Health and Development Iodine Deficiency Study Group Report.
Am J Clin Nutr, 79 (2004), pp. 231-237
[80.]
F. Delange, P. Heidemann, P. Bourdoux, A. Larsson, R. Vigneri, M. Klett, et al.
Regional variations of iodine nutrition and thyroid function during the neonatal period in Europe.
Biol Neonate, 49 (1986), pp. 322-330
[81.]
F. Delange.
Screening for congenital hypothyroidism used as an indicator of the degree of iodine deficiency and of its control.
Thyroid, 8 (1998), pp. 1185-1192
[82.]
F.M. Delange, A.M. Ermans.
Iodine deficiency.
The thyroid A fundamental and clinical text, pp. 296
[83.]
Y.C. Tseng, K.D. Burman, J.R. Baker Jr, L. Wartofsky.
A rapid, sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay for human thyrotropin.
Clin Chem, 31 (1985), pp. 1131-1134
[84.]
B.S. Hetzel.
The story of iodine deficiency: an international challenge in nutrition.
Oxford University Press, (1989),
[85.]
D.F. Nordenberg, R. Ratajczak, M. Rybakowa, D. Tylek, K. Sullivan, V. Wiley, et al.
TSH levels among newborns: an indicator for community based iodine status.
New trends in neonatal screening, pp. 223
[86.]
K.M. Sullivan, M. Warwick, R. Nordenberg, G.F. Maberley.
Use of the thyroid stimulating hormone testing in newborns to identify iodine deficiency.
J Nutr, 127 (1997), pp. 55-58
[87.]
WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD..
Indicators for assessing iodine deficiency disorders and their control programmes.
WHO, (1993),
[88.]
S.R. Gamberg.
Intrinsic and extrinsic variables.
The thyroid. A fundamental and clinical text, pp. 305
[89.]
A.J. Van Herle, J.M. Hershman, R.W. Hornabrook, I.J. Chopra.
Serum thyroglobulin in inhabitants of an endemic goiter region of New Guinea.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 43 (1976), pp. 512-516
[90.]
V. Pezzino, R. Vigneri, S. Squatrito, S. Filetti, M. Camus, P. Polosa.
Increased serum thyroglobulin levels in patients with nontoxic goiter.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 46 (1978), pp. 653-657
[91.]
J.M. Hershman, D.T. Due, B. Sharp, L. My, J.R. Kent, L.N. Bihn, et al.
Endemic goiter in Vietnam.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 57 (1983), pp. 243-249
[92.]
J.T. Dunn.
Clinical usefulness of serum thyroglobulin assays.
Diagnostic methods in clinical thyroidology, pp. 127-157
[93.]
WHO. Iodine and health: eliminating iodine deficiency disorders safety through salt iodization. Geneva: WHO; 1994. p. 1-7.
[94.]
C.D. Thomson.
Dietary recommendations for iodine around the world.
IDD Newsletter, 18 (2002), pp. 38-42
[95.]
T. Wu, G.J. Liu, P. Li, C. Clar.
Iodized salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3 (2002),

Este trabajo ha sido financiado con la ayuda de un Proyecto de Investigación de la Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (117/2002) y la asociación Maimónides. Los autores pertenecen a la Red de Centros de Metabolismo y Nutrición (C03-08) del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III.

Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos