Información del artículo
Resumen
Las infecciones por bacterias grampositivas son una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes oncohematológicos y en los receptores de trasplante. Los estafilococos coagulasa negativa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp. y los estreptococos del grupo viridans son los organismos grampositivos aislados con mayor frecuencia. La resistencia antibiótica en estos organismos es un problema en aumento y supone un reto terapéutico. Daptomicina es un antibiótico con una rápida actividad bactericida, de amplio espectro frente a bacterias grampositivas, incluidas las cepas resistentes a otros fármacos. En este artículo se revisan algunos aspectos de las infecciones por organismos grampositivos en estos pacientes inmunodeprimidos y se analiza con detalle la experiencia con daptomicina en el tratamiento de tales infecciones.
Palabras clave:
Neutropenia
Trasplante de progenitores hematopoyéticos
Trasplante de órgano sólido
Bacterias grampositivas
Bacteriemia
Daptomicina
Abstract
Gram-positive infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in oncohematological patients and transplant recipients. The most frequently isolated Gram-positive organisms are the coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp., and viridans group streptococci. Antibiotic resistance in these organisms is increasing and poses a challenge to clinicians. Daptomycin is rapidly bactericidal against a broad spectrum of gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to other drugs. The present article reviews some aspects of Gram-positive infections in these immunocompromised patients and provides a detailed analysis of experience with daptomycin in the treatment of these infections.
Keywords:
Neutropenia
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Solid organ transplantation
Gram-positive bacteria
Bacteremia
Daptomycin
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C. Cervera, A. Moreno.
Infección bacteriana.
Infeciones en pacientes trasplantados,
[2.]
J.J. Snyder, A.K. Israni, Y. Peng, L. Zhang, T.A. Simon, B.L. Kasiske.
Rates of first infection following kidney transplant in the United States.
Kidney Int, 75 (2009), pp. 317-326
[3.]
Y.J. Kim, S.I. Kim, S.H. Wie, Y.R. Kim, J.A. Hur, J.Y. Choi, et al.
Infectious complications in living-donor liver transplant recipients: a 9-year single center experience.
Transpl Infect Dis, 10 (2008), pp. 316-324
[4.]
J. Gavaldà, A. Román.
Infección en el trasplante de pulmón.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 25 (2007), pp. 639-650
[5.]
H. Wisplinghoff, H. Seifert, R.P. Wenzel, M.B. Edmond.
Current trends in the epidemiology of nosocomial bloodstream infections in patients with haematological malignancies and solid neoplasms in hospitals in the United States.
Clin Infect Dis, 36 (2003), pp. 1103-1110
[6.]
S. Yamasaki, Y. Heike, S. Mori, T. Fukuda, D. Maruyama, R. Kato, et al.
Infectious complications in chronic graft-versus-host disease: a retrospective study of 145 patients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced-and conventional-intensity conditioning regimens.
Transpl Infect Dis, 10 (2008), pp. 252-259
[7.]
A. Moreno, C. Cervera, J. Gavaldá, M. Rovira, R. De la Cámara, I. Jarque, et al.
Bloodstrem infections among transplant recipients: results of a nationwide surveillance in Spain.
Am J Transplant, 7 (2007), pp. 2579-2586
[8.]
C. Cervera, A. Moreno.
Infecciones en el paciente con trasplante renal y pancreático.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 25 (2007), pp. 345-355
[9.]
N. Fernández-Sabé, C. Cervera, F. López-Medrano, M. Llano, E. Sáez, O. Len, et al.
Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes of listeriosis in solid-organ transplant recipients: a matched case-control study.
Clin Infect Dis, 49 (2009), pp. 1153-1159
[10.]
J.M. Aguado, A. García-Reyne, C. Lumbreras.
Infecciones en los pacientes trasplantados de hígado.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 25 (2007), pp. 401-410
[11.]
R. San-Juan, J.M. Aguado, C. Lumbreras, J. Fortún, O. Len, P. Muñoz, et al.
Selective intestinal decontamination with fluoroquinolones for the prevention of early bacterial infections after liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 17 (2011), pp. 896-904
[12.]
M. Aguilar-Guisado, J. Gavaldà, P. Ussetti, A. Ramos, P. Morales, M. Blanes, et al.
Pneumonia after lung transplantation in the Resitra Cohort: a multicenter prospective study.
Am J Transplant, 7 (2007), pp. 1989-1996
[13.]
J. Torre-Cisneros, C. Herrero, E. Cañas, J.M. Reguera, M. De la Mata, M.A. Gómez-Bravo.
Bacteremia after liver transplantation in the SAEI cohort: high mortality related with Staphylococcus aureus.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 21 (2002), pp. 385-388
[14.]
C. Garzoni, The AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice.
Multiply resistant gram-positive bacteria methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, VISA, VRSA) in solid organ transplant recipients.
Am J Tansplant, 9 (2009), pp. S41-S49
[15.]
G. Santoro-Lopes, E.F. De Gouvea, R.C. Monteiro, R.C. Branco, J.R. Rocco, M. Halpern, et al.
Colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 11 (2005), pp. 203-209
[16.]
N. Singh, C. Squier, C. Wannstedt, L. Keyes, M.M. Wagener, T.V. Cacciarelli.
Impact of an aggressive infection control strategy on endemic Staphylococcus aureus infection in liver transplant recipients.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 27 (2006), pp. 122-126
[17.]
N. Singh, D.L. Paterson, F.Y. Chang, T. Gayowski, C. Squier, M.M. Wagener, et al.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: the other emerging resistant grampositive coccus among liver transplant recipients.
Clin Infect Dis, 30 (2000), pp. 322-327
[18.]
F. Bert, J.O. Galdbart, V. Zarrouk, J. Le Mée, F. Durand, F. Mentré, et al.
Association between nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and infection in liver transplant recipients.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 1295-1299
[19.]
D. Desai, N. Desai, P. Nightingale, T. Elliott, J. Neuberger.
Carriage of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus is associated with an increased risk of infection after liver transplantation.
Liver Transpl, 9 (2003), pp. 754-759
[20.]
D.L. Russell, A. Flood, T.E. Zaroda, C. Acosta, M.M. Riley, R.W. Busuttil, et al.
Outcomes of colonization with MRSA and VRE among liver transplant candidates and recipients.
Am J Transplant, 8 (2008), pp. 1737-1743
[21.]
O.A. Adeyemi, C. Qi, T.R. Zembower, M.G. Ison, T.H. Grant, B.J. Hartigan, et al.
Invasive infections with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after kidney transplantation.
J Clin Microbiol, 46 (2008), pp. 2809-2813
[22.]
A. Obed, A.A. Schnitzbauer, T. Bein, N. Lehn, H.J. Linde, H.J. Schlitt.
Fatal pneumonia caused by Panton-Valentine Leucocidine-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (PVL-MRSA) transmitted from a healthy donor in living-donor liver transplantation.
Transplantation, 81 (2006), pp. 121-124
[23.]
F. Bert, J. Clarissou, F. Durand, D. Delefosse, C. Chauvet, P. Lefebrve, et al.
Prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and clinical significance of heterogeneous glycopeptides intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in liver transplant recipients.
J Clin Microbiol, 41 (2003), pp. 5147-5152
[24.]
S.A. McNeil, P.N. Malani, C.E. Chenoweth, R.J. Fontana, J.C. Magee, J.D. Punch, et al.
Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal colonization and infection in liver transplant candidates and recipients: a prospective surveillance study.
Clin Infect Dis, 42 (2006), pp. 195-203
[25.]
P. Muñoz, The AST Infectious Diseases Community Practice.
Multiply resistant gram-positive bacteria: vancomycin. resistant Enterococcus in solid organ transplantation.
Am J Transplant, 9 (2009), pp. S50-S56
[26.]
E. González-Barca, A. Fernández-Sevilla, J. Carratalà, A. Grañena, F. Gudiol.
Prospective study of 288 episodes of bacteremia in neutropenic cancer patients in a single institution.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 15 (1996), pp. 291-296
[27.]
C. Cordonnier, A. Buzin, G. Leverger, R. Herbrecht, M. Hunnault, R. Leclercq, et al.
Epidemiology and risk factors for gram-positive coccal infections in neutropenia: toward a more targeted antibiotic strategy.
Clin Infect Dis, 36 (2003), pp. 149-158
[28.]
R. Ramphal.
Changes in the etiology of bacteremia in febrile neutropenic patients and the susceptibilities of the currently isolated pathogens.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. S25-S31
[29.]
L.S. Elting, G.P. Bodey, B.H. Keefe.
Septicemia and shock syndrome due to viridans streptococci: a case-control study of predisposing factors.
Clin Infect Dis, 14 (1992), pp. 1201-1207
[30.]
R.M. Prabhuv, K.E. Piper, M.R. Litzow, J.M. Steckelberg, R. Patel.
Emergence of quinolone resistance among viridans group streptococci isolated from the oropharynx of neutropenic peripheral blood stem cell transplant patients receiving quinolone antimicrobial prophylaxis.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 24 (2005), pp. 832-838
[31.]
C.Y. Chen, W. Tsay, J.L. Tang, H.F. Tien, Y.C. Chen, S.C. Chang, et al.
Epidemiology of bloodstream infections in patients with haematological malignancies with and without neutropenia.
Epidemiol Infect, 138 (2010), pp. 1044-1051
[32.]
B.A. Collin, H.L. Leather, J.R. Wingard, R. Ramphal.
Evolution, incidence, and susceptibility of bacterial bloodstream isolates from 519 bone marrow transplant patients.
Clin Infect Dis, 33 (2001), pp. 947-953
[33.]
D. Engelhard, H. Elishoov, N. Strauss, E. Naparstek, A. Nagler, A. Simhon, et al.
Nosocomial coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections in bone marrow transplantation recipients with central vein catheter. A 5-year prospective study.
Transplantation, 61 (1996), pp. 430-434
[34.]
S.F. Costa, A.A. Barone, M.H. Miceli, I.M. Van der Heijden, R.E. Soares, A.S. Levin, et al.
Colonization and molecular epidemiology of coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in cancer patients: a pilot study.
Am J Infect Control, 34 (2006), pp. 36-40
[35.]
A.R. Tunkel, K.A. Sepkowitz.
Infections caused by viridans streptococci in patients with neutropenia.
Clin Infect Dis, 34 (2002), pp. 1524-1529
[36.]
A. Marron, J. Carratalà, E. González-Barca, A. Fernández-Sevilla, F. Alcaide, F. Gudiol.
Serious complications of bacteremia caused by viridans streptococci in neutropenic patients with cancer.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 1126-1130
[37.]
J. Carratalà, F. Alcaide, A. Fernández-Sevilla, X. Corbella, J. Liñares, F. Gudiol.
Bacteremia due to viridans streptococci that are highly resistant to penicillin: increase among neutropenic patients with cancer.
Clin Infect Dis, 20 (1995), pp. 1169-1173
[38.]
A. Marron, J. Carratalà, F. Alcaide, A. Fernández-Sevilla, F. Gudiol.
High rates of resistance to cephalosporins among viridans-group streptococci causing bacteraemia in neutropenic cancer patients.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 47 (2001), pp. 87-91
[39.]
W.T. Huang, L.Y. Chang, P.R. Hsueh, C.Y. Lu, P.L. Shao, F.Y. Huang, et al.
Clinical features and complications of viridans streptococci bloodstream infection in pediatric hemato-oncology patients.
J Microbiol Immunol Infect, 40 (2007), pp. 349-354
[40.]
M.A. Montecalvo, H. Horowitz, C. Gedris, C. Carbonaro, F.C. Tenover, A. Issah, et al.
Outbreak of vancomycin-, ampicillin-, and aminoglycoside-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in an adult oncology unit.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 38 (1994), pp. 1363-1367
[41.]
A. Marron, J. Carratalà, J. Ayats, A. Fernández-Sevilla, M.A. Domínguez, J. Liñares, et al.
Bacteriemia por enterococos resistentes a vancomicina en los pacientes neutropénicos con cáncer.
Med Clin (Barc), 111 (1998), pp. 761-764
[42.]
J.B. Bossaer, P.D. Hall, E. Garrett-Mayer.
Incidence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) infection in high-risk febrile neutropenic patients colonized with VRE.
Support Care Cancer, 19 (2011), pp. 231-237
[43.]
E. González-Barca, J. Carratalà, A. Mykietiuk, A. Fernández-Sevilla, F. Gudiol.
Predisposing factors and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in neutropenic patients with cancer.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 20 (2001), pp. 117-119
[44.]
M. Falcone, A. Micozzi, M.E. Pompeo, P. Baiocchi, F. Fabi, A. Penni, et al.
Methicilliresistant staphylococcal bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies: clinical and microbiological retrospective comparative analysis of S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus.
J Chemother, 16 (2004), pp. 540-548
[45.]
S.I. Cuervo, J.A. Cortés, R. Sánchez, J.Y. Rodríguez, E. Silva, D. Tibavizco, et al.
Risk factors for mortality caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in cancer patients.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 28 (2010), pp. 349-354
[46.]
J. Carratalà, B. Rosón, A. Fernández-Sevilla, F. Alcaide, F. Gudiol.
Bacteremic pneumonia in neutropenic patients with cancer. Causes, empirical antibiotic therapy, and outcome.
Arch Intern Med, 158 (1998), pp. 868-872
[47.]
J. Carratalà, A. Marron, A. Fernández-Sevilla, J. Liñares, F. Gudiol.
Treatment of penicillin-resistant pneumococcal bacteremia in neutropenic patients with cancer.
Clin Infect Dis, 24 (1997), pp. 148-152
[48.]
H. Van der Lelie, M. Leverstein-Van Hall, M. Mertens, H.C.T. Van Zaanen, R.H.J. Van Oers, B.L.M. Thomas, et al.
Corynebacterium CDC group JK (Corynebacterium jeikeium) sepsis in haematological patients: a report of three cases and systematic literature review.
Scand J Infect Dis, 27 (1995), pp. 581-584
[49.]
A. Jucglà, G. Sais, J. Carratalà, A. Moreno, A. Fernández-Sevilla, J. Peyri.
A papular eruption secondary to infection with Corynebacterium jeikeium, with histopathological features mimicking botryomycosis.
Br J Dermatol, 133 (1995), pp. 801-804
[50.]
H.S. Sader, T.R. Fritsche, R.N. Jones.
Frequency of ocurrence and daptomycin susceptibility rates of gram-positive organisms causing bloodstream infections in cancer patients.
J Chemother, 20 (2008), pp. 570-576
[51.]
H.S. Sader, A.A. Watters, T.R. Fritsche, R.N. Jones.
Daptomycin antimicrobial activity tested against methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolated in European medical centers (2005).
BMC Infectious Diseases, 7 (2007), pp. 29
[52.]
C. Kratzer, W. Rabitsch, A.M. Hirschl, W. Graninger, E. Presteri.
In vitro activity of daptomycin and tigecycline against coagulase-negative staphylococcus blood isolates from bone marrow transplant recipients.
Eur J Haematol, 79 (2007), pp. 405-409
[53.]
H.S. Sader, D.J. Farrell, R.N. Jones.
Antimicrobial activity of daptomycin tested against gram-positive strains collected in European hospitals: results from 7 years of resistance surveillance (2003–2009).
J Chemother, 23 (2011), pp. 200-206
[54.]
F.Y. Chang, J.E. Peacock Jr., D.M. Musher, P. Triplett, B.B. MacDonald, J.M. Mylotte, et al.
Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: recurrence and the impact of antibiotic treatment in a prospective multicenter study.
Medicine (Baltimore), 82 (2003), pp. 333-339
[55.]
A. Commetta, W.V. Kern, R. De Bock, M. Paesmans, M. Vandenbergh, F. Crokaert, et al.
Vancomycin versus placebo for treating persistent fever in patients with neutropenic cancer receiving piperacillin-tazobactam monotherapy.
Clin Infect Dis, 37 (2003), pp. 382-389
[56.]
R.G. Wunderink, J. Rello, S.K. Cammarata, R.V. Croos-Dabrera, M.H. Kollef.
Linezolid vs vancomycin: analylis of two double-blind studies of patients with methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial pneumonia.
Chest, 124 (2003), pp. 1789-1797
[57.]
B. Jaksic, G. Martinelli, J. Pérez-Oteyza, C.S. Hartman, L.B. Leonard, K.J. Tack.
Efficacy and safety of linezolid compared with vancomycin in a randomized, double-blind study of febrile neutropenic patients with cancer.
Clin Infect Dis, 42 (2006), pp. 597-607
[58.]
C. Liu, A. Bayer, S.E. Cosgrove, R.S. Daum, S.K. Fridkin, R.J. Gorwitz, et al.
Clinical practice guidelines by the infectious diseases society of america for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in adults and children: executive summary.
Clin Infect Dis, 52 (2011), pp. 285-292
[59.]
V.G. Fowler Jr., H.W. Boucher, G.R. Corey, E. Abrutyn, A.W. Karchmer, M.E. Rupp, et al.
Daptomycin versus standard therapy for bacteremia and endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
N Engl J Med, 355 (2006), pp. 653-665
[60.]
D.A. Figueroa, E. Mangini, M. Amodio-Groton, B. Verdianos, A. Melchert, C. Fana, et al.
Safety of highdose intravenous daptomycin treatment: three-year cumulative experience in a clinical program.
Clin Infect Dis, 49 (2009), pp. 177-180
[61.]
B.A. Mueller, J.A. Crompton, B.J. Donovan, S. Yankalev, K.C. Lamp.
Safety of daptomycin in patients receiving hemodialysis.
Pharmacotherapy, 31 (2011), pp. 665-672
[62.]
G.R. Barber, J. Lauretta, R. Sáez.
A febrile neutropenic patient with Enterococcus gallinarum sepsis treated with daptomycin and gentamicin.
Pharmacotherapy, 27 (2007), pp. 927-932
[63.]
D.D. Poutsiaka, S. Skiffington, K.B. Miller, S. Hadley, D.R. Snydman.
Daptomycin in the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium bacteremia in neutropenic patients.
J Infect, 54 (2007), pp. 567-571
[64.]
K.A. Mergenhagen, M.T. Pasko.
Daptomycin use after vancomycin-induced neutropenia in a patient with left-sided endocarditis.
Ann Pharmacother, 41 (2007), pp. 1531-1535
[65.]
K.V. Rolston, S.A. McConnell, J. Brown, K.C. Lamp.
Daptomycin use in patients with cancer and neutropenia: data from a retrospective registry.
Clin Adv Hematol Oncol, 8 (2010), pp. 249-256
[66.]
A.M. Chaftari, R. Hachem, V. Mulanovich, R.F. Chemaly, J. Adachi, K. Jacobson, et al.
Efficacy and safety of daptomycin in the treatment of Gram-positive catheterrelated bloodstream infections in cancer patients.
Int J Antimicrob Agents, 62 (2010), pp. 182-186
[67.]
S. Kraft, E. Mackler, P. Schlickman, K. Welch, D.D. Depestel.
Outcomes of therapy: vancomycin-resistant enterococcal bacteremia in hematology and bone marrow transplant patients.
Support Care Cancer, 19 (2011), pp. 1969-1974
[68.]
M. Kamboj, N. Cohen, K. Gilhuley, N.E. Babady, S.K. Seo, K.A. Sepkowitz.
Emergence of daptomycin-resistant VRE: experience of a single institution.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 32 (2011), pp. 391-394
[69.]
S. Vernadakis, F.H. Saner, P.M. Rath, G.M. Kaiser, Z. Mathe, J. Treckmann, et al.
Successful salvage therapy with daptomycin after linezolid and vancomycin failure in a liver transplant recipient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis.
Transpl Infect Dis, 1 (2009), pp. 346-348
[70.]
O. Len, J. Gavaldà, C. Cervera, M. Montejo, A. Arnaiz, N. Fernández-Sabé, et al.
Daptomycin in the treatment of Gram-positive cocci in solid organ transplantation.
50th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. American Society for Microbiology,
Copyright © 2012. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
