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Información de la revista
Vol. 26. Núm. S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Páginas 23-27 (octubre 2008)
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Vol. 26. Núm. S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Páginas 23-27 (octubre 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Efectos secundarios asociados al tratamiento con maraviroc y otros antagonistas de CCR5. Impacto potencial del bloqueo del receptor CCR5
Secondary effects of treatment with maraviroc and other CCR5 antagonists. Potential impact of the CCR5 blocker
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5903
José R. Arribas López
Autor para correspondencia
jrarribas.hulp@salud.madrid.org

Correspondencia: Consulta de Medicina Interna II (Unidad VIH). Hospital La Paz. Paseo de la Castellana, 261. 28046 Madrid. España.
Consulta de Medicina Interna II (Unidad VIH). Hospital La Paz. Madrid. España
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Maraviroc es el primer inhibidor de los correceptores CCR5 comercializado como antirretroviral. Los estudios preclínicos y los ensayos de fase 3 han demostrado que su perfil de seguridad es muy favorable. No se ha identificado un efecto adverso característico de maraviroc. En contraste con aplaviroc, cuyo desarrollo clínico fue interrumpido por hepatotoxicidad grave, no se ha demostrado un incremento de toxicidad hepática en pacientes tratados con maraviroc incluso si están coinfectados por virus hepatotropos. Tampoco se ha evidenciado un incremento en la incidencia de neoplasias o infecciones graves en pacientes tratados con maraviroc. En un estudio de pacientes naive, maraviroc causó cambios no significativos en colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad, lipoproteínas de alta densidad y triglicéridos.

Aunque los correceptores CCR5 desempeñan un papel en la respuesta inmunitaria del organismo, no se ha demostrado que los individuos homocigotos para su deleción (mutación delta-32) tengan un riesgo incrementado de infecciones graves, con la posible excepción de la encefalitis por el virus del Nilo occidental. Sin embargo, es necesario un seguimiento a largo plazo de los pacientes tratados con maraviroc para poder descartar una susceptibilidad incrementada a infecciones o neoplasias.

Palabras clave:
Maraviroc
CCR5
VIH
Efectos adversos

Maraviroc is the first inhibitor of CCR5 co-receptors to be marketed as an antiretroviral. The pre-clinical studies and phase III trials have shown that it has a very favourable safety profile. No characteristic adverse effect of maraviroc has been identified. Unlike with aplaviroc, where its clinical development was stopped due to serious hepatoxicity, no increase in liver toxicity has been demonstrated in patients treated with maraviroc even if they are co-infected by hepatotropic virus. Nor was there any evidence of an increase in the incidence of neoplasms or serious infections in patients treated with maraviroc. In a study on naive patients, maraviroc produced nonsignificant changes in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides.

Although CCR5 co-receptors play a role in the immune response of the body, it has not been shown whether individuals homozygote for its deletion (delta-32 mutation) have an increased risk of serious infections, with the possible exception of encephalitis due to the West Nile virus. However, long-term follow up is required on patients treated with to be able to rule out any increased susceptibility to infections or neoplasms.

Key words:
Maraviroc
CCR5
HIV
Adverse effects
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Bibliografía
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Celsentri®. Ficha técnica.
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J. Lalezari, J. Goodrich, E. DeJesus, et al.
Efficacy and safety of maraviroc in antiretroviral-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1: 48-week results of MOTIVATE 1 [abstract H-718a].
47th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy,
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G. Fätkenheuer, I. Konourina, M. Nelson, et al.
Efficacy and safety of maraviroc (MVC) plus optimized background therapy (OBT) in varaemic, antiretroviral treatment-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1 in Europe, Australia and North America (MOTIVATE 2): 48-week results.
11th European AIDS Conference/EACS,
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D. Hardy, J. Reynes, I. Konourina, et al.
Efficacy and safety of maraviroc plus optimized background therapy in treatment-experienced patients infected with CCR5-tropic HIV-1: 48-week combined analysis of the MOTIVATE studies.
15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI),
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W.G. Nichols, H.M. Steel, T. Bonny, K. Adkison, L. Curtis, J. Millard, et al.
Hepatotoxicity observed in clinical trials of aplaviroc (GW873140).
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I.M. Hoepelman, A. Ayoub, J. Heera, et al.
The incidence of severe liver enzyme abnormalities and hepatic adverse events in the Maraviroc Clinical Development Programme.
11th European AIDS Conference (EACS),
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R.M. Gulick, Z. Su, C. Flexner, M.D. Hughes, P.R. Skolnik, T.J. Wilkin, AIDS Clinical Trials Group 5211 Team, et al.
Phase 2 study of the safety and efficacy of vicriviroc, a CCR5 inhibitor, in HIV-1-Infected, treatment-experienced patients: AIDS clinical trials group 5211.
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Saag M, Ive P, Heera J, Tawadrous M, DeJesus E, Clumeck N, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative trial of a novel CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc versus efavirenz, both in combination with Combivir (zidovudine [ZDV]/lamivudine [3TC]), for the treatment of antiretroviral naive patients infected with R5 HIV-1: week 48 results of the MERIT study. Fourth International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Treatment and Pathogenesis, Sydney [abstract WESS104, 2007].
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R. Liu, W.A. Paxton, S. Choe, D. Ceradini, S.R. Martin, R. Horuk, et al.
Homozygous defect in HIV-1 coreceptor accounts for resistance of some multiply-exposed individuals to HIV-1 infection.
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Assessing theoretical risk and benefit suggested by genetic association studies of CCR5: experience in a drug development programme for maraviroc.
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J.K. Lim, C.Y. Louie, C. Glaser, C. Jean, B. Johnson, H. Johnson, et al.
Genetic deficiency of chemokine receptor CCR5 is a strong risk factor for symptomatic West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of 4 cohorts in the US epidemic.
J Infect Dis, 197 (2008), pp. 262-265
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A deletion in the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene is associated with tickborne encephalitis.
J Infect Dis, 197 (2008), pp. 266-269
Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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