metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Infecciones bacterianas, micobacterianas y micóticas oportunistas en el inmigra...
Información de la revista
Vol. 26. Núm. S5.
VIH e inmigración
Páginas 22-30 (mayo 2008)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 26. Núm. S5.
VIH e inmigración
Páginas 22-30 (mayo 2008)
Acceso a texto completo
Infecciones bacterianas, micobacterianas y micóticas oportunistas en el inmigrante infectado por el VIH: diagnóstico y tratamiento
Bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal opportunistic infections in HIV-infected immigrants: diagnosis and treatment
Visitas
4992
José Luis Pérez Arellanoa,
Autor para correspondencia
jlperez@dcmq.ulpgc.es

Correspondencia: Departamento de Ciencias Médicas y Quirúrgicas. Centro de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. 35080 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España.
, Miguel de Górgolas Hernández-Morab, Félix Gutiérrez Roderoc, Fernando Dronda Núñezd
a Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Medicina Tropical. Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
b División de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid. España
c Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario de Elche. Alicante. España
d Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas

La presencia de inmigrantes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana es un fenómeno creciente en nuestro medio. Los pacientes son susceptibles de presentar infecciones bacterianas por micobacterias, hongos y parásitos. En el presente trabajo, se hace una profunda revisión de las infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas, con especial énfasis en las enfermedades que no son autóctonas en nuestro medio.

Palabras clave:
Inmigrantes
VIH
Bacterias

The number of HIV infected immigrants has increased sharply in Spain. These patients are prone to contracting several different types of opportunistic infections, including bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal and parasitic infections. The present article provides an in-depth review of bacterial and fungal infections, with particular emphasis on those not endemic in our country.

Key words:
Migrants
HIV
Bacteria
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
C.L. Karp, F.A. Neva.
Tropical infectious diseases in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Clin Infect Dis, 28 (1999), pp. 947-965
[2.]
O. Sanz, J.A. Caminero, J.L. Pérez Arellano.
Tuberculosis e inmigración en España. Evidencias y controversias.
Med Clin (Barc), 126 (2006), pp. 259-269
[3.]
D. Slotar, V. Escalan Bortolotti, A. Buve.
Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults in sub-Saharan Africa: opportunities and obstacles.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 1309-1317
[4.]
D. Slotar, P. Escalante, B.E. Jones.
Pulmonary manifestations of HIV/AIDS in the tropics.
Clin Chest Med, 23 (2002), pp. 355-367
[5.]
C.F. Gilks.
Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene meeting at Manson House, London, 12 December 1996 HIV and pneumococcal infection in Africa. Clinical, epidemiological and preventative aspects.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 91 (1997), pp. 627-631
[6.]
L. Gwanzura, C. Pasi, K.J. Nathoo, J. Hakim, I. Gangaidzo, J. Mielke, et al.
Rapid emergence of resístanse to penicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in Zimbabwe.
Int J Antimicrob Agents, 21 (2003), pp. 557-561
[7.]
W. Kipp, J. Kamugisha, T. Rehle.
Meningococcal meningitis and HIV infection: results from a case-control study in western Uganda.
AIDS, 6 (1992), pp. 1557-1558
[8.]
R. Brindle, P. Simani, R. Newnham, P. Waiyaki, C. Gilks.
No association between meningococcal disease and human immunodeficiency virus in adults in Nairobi, Kenya.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 85 (1991), pp. 651
[9.]
S.J. Hahne, S.J. Gray, J.F. Aguilera, N.S. Crowcroft, T. Nichols, E.B. Kaczmarski, et al.
W135 meningococcal disease in England and Wales associated with Hajj 2000 and 2001.
Lancet, 359 (2002), pp. 582-583
[10.]
M.O. Diallo, V. Ettiegne-Traore, M. Maran, J. Kouadio, K. Brattegaard, A. Makke, et al.
Sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus infections in women attending an antenatal clinic in Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire.
Int J STD AIDS, 8 (1997), pp. 636-638
[11.]
C. Asamoah-Adu, N. Khonde, M. Avorkliah, V. Bekoe, M. Alary, M. Mondor, et al.
HIV infection among sex workers in Accra: need to target new recruits entering the trade.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 28 (2001), pp. 358-366
[12.]
S.C. Davies, B. Otto, S. Partohudoyo, V.A. Chrisnadarmani, G.A. Neilsen, L. Ciaffi, et al.
Sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Kupang, Indonesia: searching for a screening algorithm to detect cervical gonococcal and chlamydial infections.
Sex Transm Dis, 30 (2003), pp. 671-679
[13.]
M. Paris, E. Gotuzzo, G. Goyzueta, J. Aramburu, C.F. Caceres, T. Castellano, et al.
Prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections in commercial sex workers in a Peruvian Amazon city.
Sex Transm Dis, 26 (1999), pp. 103-107
[14.]
M. Guiliani, B. Suligoi, The Italian STI surveillance working group.
Differences between nonnational and indigenous patients with sexually transmitted infections in Italy and insight into the control of sexually transmitted infections.
Sex Transm Dis, 31 (2004), pp. 79-84
[15.]
B. Choudhury, C.L. Risley, A.C. Ghani, C.J. Bishop, H. Ward, K.A. Fenton, et al.
Identification of individuals with gonorrhoea within sexual networks: a population-based study.
[16.]
R.L. Jurado, M.M. Farley, E. Pereira, R.C. Harvey, A. Schuchat, J.D. Wenger, et al.
Increased risk of meningitis and bacteremia due to Listeria monocytogenes in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Clin Infect Dis, 17 (1993), pp. 224-227
[17.]
J. Berenguer, J. Solera, M.D. Díaz, S. Moreno, J.A. López-Herce, E. Bouza.
Listeriosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Rev Infect Dis, 13 (1991), pp. 115-119
[18.]
M.E. Valencia Ortega, A. Enríquez Crego, F. Laguna Cuesta, G. Ortega Millán, J.M. González Lahoz.
Listeriosis: una enfermedad infrecuente en pacientes con VIH.
An Med Interna (Madrid), 17 (2000), pp. 649-651
[19.]
J. Guerra, I. Muinelo, M.R. Pérez-Simón, B. Blanco, J.A. Carro, M. Alcoba.
Listeriosis en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en España. Tres nuevos casos y revisión de la literatura.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 22 (2004), pp. 18-21
[20.]
R. Paulet, C. Caussin, J.M. Coudray, D. Selcer, P. De Rohan Chabot.
Visceral form of human anthrax imported from Africa.
Presse Med, 23 (1994), pp. 477-478
[21.]
M.A. Gordon, H.T. Banda, M. Gondwe, S.B. Gordon, M.J. Boeree, A.L. Walsh, et al.
Non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia among HIV-infected Malawian adults: high mortality and frequent recrudescence.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 1633-1641
[22.]
M.A. Gordon, A.L. Walsh, M. Chaponda, D. Soko, M. Mbvwinji, M.E. Molyneux, et al.
Bacteraemia and mortality among adult medical admissions in Malawi —predominance of non-typhi salmonellae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
J Infect, 42 (2001), pp. 44-49
[23.]
S.M. Graham, A.L. Walsh, E.M. Molyneux, A.J. Phiri, M.E. Molyneux.
Clinical presentation of non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in Malawian children.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 94 (2000), pp. 310-314
[24.]
M. Brown, S.J. Eykyn.
Non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia without gastroenteritis: a marker of underlying immunosuppression. Review of cases at St. Thomas’ Hospital 1970-1999.
J Infect, 41 (2000), pp. 256-259
[25.]
J.E. Vidal, P.R. Da Silva, R. Schiavon Nogueira, F. Bonasser Filho, A.V. Hernandez.
Liver abscess due to Salmonella enteritidis in a returned traveler with HIV infection: case report and review of the literature.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, 45 (2003), pp. 115-117
[26.]
M. Bernabeu-Wittel, J.L. Villanueva, J. Pachón, A. Alarcón, L.F. López-Cortes, P. Viciana, et al.
Etiology, clinical features and outcome of splenic microabscesses in HIV-infected patients with prolonged fever.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 18 (1999), pp. 324-329
[27.]
J.J. Dowling, C.J. Whitty, M. Chaponda, C. Munthali, E.E. Zijlstra, C.F. Gilks, et al.
Are intestinal helminths a risk factor for non-typhoidal Salmonella bacteraemia in adults in Africa who are seropositive for HIV? A case-control study.
Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 96 (2002), pp. 203-208
[28.]
N. Eriksen, L. Lemming, L. Højlyng, B. Bruun.
Brucellosis in immigrants in Denmark.
Scand J Infect Dis, 34 (2002), pp. 540-542
[29.]
S. Moreno, J. Ariza, F.J. Espinosa, D. Podzamczer, J.M. Miró, A. Rivero, et al.
Brucellosis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 17 (1998), pp. 319-326
[30.]
N.J. White.
Melioidosis.
Lancet, 361 (2003), pp. 1715-1722
[31.]
M. Ip, L.G. Osterberg, P.G. Chau, T.A. Raffin.
Pulmonary melioidosis.
Chest, 108 (1995), pp. 1420-1424
[32.]
J.M. Pérez, A. Petiot, C. Adjide, F. Gerry, R. Goursaud, B. Juminer.
First case report of melioidosis in Guadeloupe, a French West Indies archipelago.
Clin Infect Dis, 25 (1997), pp. 164-165
[33.]
S.E. Dorman, V.J. Gill, J.I. Gallin, S.M. Holland.
Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a Puerto Rican patient with chronic granulomatous disease: case report and review of occurrences in the Americas.
Clin Infect Dis, 26 (1998), pp. 889-894
[34.]
D.A. Dance.
Melioidosis as an emerging global problem.
Acta Trop, 74 (2000), pp. 115-119
[35.]
K. Kanai, T. Kurata, S. Akksilp, W. Auwanit, V. Chaowagul, P. Naigowit.
A preliminary survey for human immunodeficient virus (HIV) infections in tuberculosis and melioidosis patients in Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand.
Jpn J Med Sci Biol, 45 (1992), pp. 247-253
[36.]
V. Wuthiekanun, Y. Suputtamongkol, A.J. Simpson, P. Kanaphun, N.J. White.
Value of throat swab in diagnosis of melioidosis.
J Clin Microbiol, 39 (2001), pp. 3801-3802
[37.]
W. Chierakul, V. Wuthiekanun, W. Chaowagul, P. Amornchai, A.C. Cheng, N.J. White, et al.
Disease severity and outcome of melioidosis in HIV coinfected individuals.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 73 (2005), pp. 1165-1166
[38.]
C.A. Ganoza, E.R. Segura, M.A. Swancutt, E. Gotuzzo, J.M. Vinetz.
Mild, self-resolving acute leptospirosis in an HIV-Infected patient in the peruvian amazon.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 73 (2005), pp. 67-68
[39.]
S. Neves Ede, M.M. Pereira, M.C. Galhardo, A. Caroli, J. Andrade, M.G. Morgado, et al.
Leptospirosis patient with AIDS: the first case reported.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop, 27 (1994), pp. 39-42
[40.]
W.A. Lynn, S. Lightman.
Syphilis and HIV: a dangerous combination.
Lancet Infect Dis, 4 (2004), pp. 456-466
[41.]
K. Buchacz, P. Patel, M. Taylor, P.R. Kerndt, R.H. Byers, S.D. Holmberg, et al.
Syphilis increases HIV viral load and decreases CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected patients with new syphilis infections.
AIDS, 18 (2004), pp. 2075-2079
[42.]
A.M. Rompalo, R.O. Cannon, T.C. Quinn, E.W. Hook.
Association of biologic false-positive reactions for syphilis with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
J Infect Dis, 165 (1992), pp. 1124-1126
[43.]
M.H. Augenbraun, J.A. DeHovitz, J. Feldman, L. Clarke, S. Landesman, H.M. Minkoff.
Biological false-positive syphilis test results for women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Infect Dis, 19 (1994), pp. 1040-1044
[44.]
C.B. Hicks, P.M. Benson, G.P. Lupton, E.C. Tramont.
Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with Kaposi sarcoma: a diagnostic dilemma.
Ann Intern Med, 107 (1987), pp. 492-495
[45.]
G. Tikjob, M. Russel, C.S. Peterson, J. Gerstoft, T. Kobayasi.
Seronegative secondary syphilis in a patient with AIDS: identification of Treponema pallidum in a biopsy specimen.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 24 (1991), pp. 506-508
[46.]
E.J. Erbelding, D. Vlahov, K.E. Nelson, A.M. Rompalo, S. Cohn, P. Sánchez, et al.
Syphilis serology in human immunodeficiency virus infection: evidence for false-negative fluorescent treponemal testing.
J Infect Dis, 176 (1997), pp. 1397-1400
[47.]
J.S. Haas, G. Bolan, S.A. Larsen, M.J. Clement, P. Bacchetti, A.R. Moss.
Sensitivity of treponemal tests for detecting prior treated syphilis during human immunodeficiency virus infection.
J Infect Dis, 162 (1990), pp. 862-866
[48.]
P.D. Johnson, S.R. Graves, L. Stewart, R. Warren, B. Dwyer, C.R. Lucas.
Specific syphilis serological tests may become negative in HIV infection.
AIDS, 5 (1991), pp. 419-423
[49.]
B. Kumar, S. Gupta, S. Muralidhar.
Mucocutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis in north Indian patients: a changing scenario?.
J Dermatol, 28 (2001), pp. 137-144
[50.]
M. Laga.
Interactions between STDs and HIV infection.
STD Bull, 13 (1992), pp. 3-6
[51.]
H. Schofer, M. Imhof, E. Thoma-Greber, N.H. Brockmeyer, M. Hartmann, G. Gerken, et al.
Active syphilis in HIV infection: a multicentre retrospective survey. The German AIDS Study Group (GASG).
Genitourin Med, 72 (1996), pp. 176-181
[52.]
Bartlett JG, Gallant JE. 2003 Medical Management of HIV infection. Disponible en: http://www.hopkins-hivguide.org
[53.]
R.T. Rolfs, M.R. Joesoef, E.F. Hendershot, A.M. Rompalo, M.H. Augenbraun, M. Chiu, et al.
A randomized trial of enhanced therapy for early syphilis in patients with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. The Syphilis and HIV Study Group.
N Engl J Med, 337 (1997), pp. 307-314
[54.]
E.E. Telzak, M.S. Greenberg, J. Harrison, R.L. Stoneburner, S. Schultz.
Syphilis treatment response in HIV-infected individuals.
AIDS, 5 (1991), pp. 591-595
[55.]
A.M. Yinnon, P. Coury-Doniger, R. Polito, R.C. Reichman.
Serologic response to treatment of syphilis in patients with HIV infection.
Arch Intern Med, 156 (1996), pp. 321-325
[56.]
M. Valls Mayans, E. Arellano, P. Armengol, J.M. Escribà, B. Loureiro, P. Saladié, et al.
Infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y otras infecciones de transmisión sexual en inmigrantes de Barcelona.
Enf Infecc Microbiol Clin, 20 (2002), pp. 154-156
[57.]
A.C. Gerbase, T.R. Rowley, D.H.L. Heymann, S.F.B. Berkley, P. Plot.
Global prevalence and incidence estimates of selected curable STD.
Sex Transm Infect, 74 (1998), pp. S12-S16
[58.]
F. Cordoliani, M.D. Vignon-Pennanmen, M.V. Assous, P. Vabres, P. Dronne, M. Ribojad, et al.
Atypical Lyme borreliosis in an HIV-infected man.
Br J Dermatol, 137 (1997), pp. 437-439
[59.]
G. Dudle, M. Opravil, R. Luthy, R. Weber.
Meningitis after acute Borrelia burgdorferi infection in HIV infection.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 122 (1997), pp. 1178-1180
[60.]
J.A. Oteo Revuelta, C. Elías Calvo, V. Martínez de Artola, D. Pérez Surribas.
Infection by Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. A diagnostic problem.
Med Clin (Barc), 101 (1993), pp. 207-209
[61.]
B. Hernández-Novoa, A. Orduña, M.A. Bratos, J.M. Eiros, J.M. Fernández, M.P. Gutiérrez, et al.
Utility of a commercial immunoblot kit (BAG-Borrelia blot) in the diagnosis of the preliminary stages of Lyme disease.
Diag Microbiol Infect Dis, 47 (2003), pp. 321-329
[62.]
R. Cerny, L. Machala, M. Bojar, H. Rozsypal, D. Picha.
Neuroborreliosis in an HIV-1 positive patient.
Infection, 34 (2006), pp. 100-102
[63.]
F. Segura, E. Antón, B. Font, M. Sala, M. Cervantes.
Primary HIV type-1 infection misdiagnosed as mediterranean spotted fever.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 21 (2002), pp. 478-479
[64.]
M.G. Brook, A. Barnes, G.C. Cook, D.C. Mabey.
A typhus-like illness caused by acute HIV seroconversion.
Postgrad Med J, 67 (1991), pp. 92-93
[65.]
M. Jensenius, P.E. Fournier, P. Kelly, B. Myrvang, D. Raoult.
African tick bite fever.
Lancet Infect Dis, 3 (2003), pp. 557-564
[66.]
L. Lutwick.
Brill-Zinsser disease.
Lancet, 357 (2001), pp. 1198-1200
[67.]
P. Kantipong, G. Watt, K. Jongsakul, C. Choenchitra.
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus does not influence the clinical severity of scrub typhus.
Clin Infect Dis, 23 (1996), pp. 1168-1170
[68.]
G. Watt, P. Kantipong, M. De Souza, P. Chanbancherd, K. Jongsakul, R. Ruangweerayud, et al.
HIV-1 suppresion during acute scrub-typhus infection.
[69.]
M. Moriuchi, A. Tamura, H. Moriuchi.
In vitro reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus-1 upon stimulation with scrub typhus rickettsial infection.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 68 (2003), pp. 557-561
[70.]
J. Morera Montes, J.M. Arribas Blanco, A. Maisonave González, M.A. Rollan Hernandez.
False positive result for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus in Q fever.
Med Clin (Barc), 91 (1988), pp. 39
[71.]
N. De la Calle, M. Yebra, F. Portero, E. López.
False positivity of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus in a case of Q fever.
Rev Clin Esp, 198 (1998), pp. 401
[72.]
M. Montes, G. Cilla, J.M. Marimón, J.L. Díaz de Tuesta, E. Pérez-Trallero.
Coxiella burnetii infection in subjects with HIV infection and HIV infection in patients with Q fever.
Scand J Infect Dis, 27 (1995), pp. 344-346
[73.]
A. Boschini, G. Di Perri, D. Legnani, P. Fabbri, P. Ballarini, R. Zucconi, et al.
Consecutive epidemics of Q fever in a residential facility for drug abusers: impact on persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
Clin Infect Dis, 28 (1999), pp. 866-872
[74.]
D. Raoult, P.Y. Levy, H.T. Dupont, C. Chicheportiche, C. Tamalet, J.A. Gastaut, et al.
Q fever and HIV infection.
AIDS, 7 (1993), pp. 81-86
[75.]
L. Belec, G. Gresenguet, M.T. Ekala, A. Jacob, M.D. Vohito, S. Cotigny, et al.
Coxiella burnetii infection among subjects infected with HIV type 1 in the Central African Republic.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 12 (1993), pp. 775-778
[76.]
J.E. Losa, J.M. Miró, A. Del Río, A. Moreno-Camacho, F. García, X. Claramonte, et al.
Infective endocarditis not related to intravenous drug abuse in HIV-1-infected patients: report of eight cases and review of the literature.
Clin Microbiol Infect, 9 (2003), pp. 45-54
[77.]
M.G. Madariaga, J. Pulvirenti, M. Sekosan, C.D. Paddock, S.R. Zaki.
Q fever endocarditis in HIV-infected patient.
Emerg Infect Dis, 10 (2004), pp. 501-504
[78.]
J.E. Koehler.
Bartonella-associated infections in HIV-infected patients.
AIDS Clin Care, 7 (1995), pp. 97-102
[79.]
R.L. Regnery, J.E. Childs, J.E. Koehler.
Infections associated with Bartonella species in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Infect Dis, 21 (1995), pp. S94-S98
[80.]
J.F. Abino, R. Peraldi, H. Lepidi, M. Luciani, P.M. Girard.
Bacillary splenitis (Bartonella henselae) during immune restoration in an HIV-infected patient.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 1429-1430
[81.]
J.A. Comer, T. Díaz, D. Vlahov, E. Monterroso, J.E. Childs.
Evidence of rodentassociated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from Central and East Harlem, New York City.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 65 (2001), pp. 855-860
[82.]
A.J. Ramos, J. Vargas, J. Fernández-Rivera, J. Macías, J.A. Mira, J.A. Pineda.
Prevalence of Bartonella spp. seropositivity in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and non infected intravenous drug abusers.
Med Clin (Barc), 119 (2002), pp. 565-567
[83.]
D. Raoult, C. Foucault, P. Brouqui.
Infections in the homeless.
Lancet Infect Dis, 1 (2001), pp. 77-84
[84.]
J.E. Koehler, M.A. Sánchez, S. Tye, C.S. Garrido-Rowland, F.M. Chen, T. Maurer, et al.
Prevalence of Bartonella infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with fever.
Clin Infect Dis, 37 (2003), pp. 559-566
[85.]
J. Frean, S. Arndt, D. Spencer.
High rate of Bartonella henselae infection in HIV-positive outpatients in Johannesburg, South Africa.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 96 (2002), pp. 549-550
[86.]
J.E. Koehler, M.A. Sánchez, S. Tye, C.S. Garrido-Rowland, F.M. Chen, T. Maurer, et al.
Prevalence of Bartonella infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with fever.
Clin Infect Dis, 37 (2003), pp. 559-566
[87.]
M. Pape, P. Kollaras, K. Mandraveli, A. Tsona, S. Metallidis, P. Nikolaidis, et al.
Ocurrente of Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1063 (2005), pp. 299-301
[88.]
J.A. García-García, J. Vargas, J.A. Mira, S. Vergara-López, J. Macías, J.A. Pineda.
Dinámica de anticuerpos IgG frente a Bartonella spp. en la enfermedad por arañazo de gato y en pacientes asintomáticos infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.
Med Clin (Barc), 120 (2003), pp. 494-495
[89.]
T.R. Talbot, J.A. Comer, K.C. Bloch.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections among HIV-infected patients in a human monocytic ehrlichiosis-endemic area.
Emerg Infect Dis, 9 (2003), pp. 1123-1127
[90.]
C.D. Paddock, S.M. Folk, G.M. Shore, L.J. Machado, M.M. Huycke, L.N. Slater, et al.
Infections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Infect Dis, 33 (2001), pp. 1586-1594
[91.]
C.D. Paddock, D.P. Suchard, K.L. Grumbach, W.K. Hadley, R.L. Kerschmann, N.W. Abbey, et al.
Fatal seronegative ehrlichiosis in a patient with HIV infection.
N Engl J Med, 329 (1993), pp. 1164-1167
[92.]
J. Santos, R. Palacios, A. Rivero, M.A. García-Ordóñez, L. Aliaga, M.A. Muniain, et al.
Nocardiosis en pacientes con infección por VIH.
Rev Clin Esp, 202 (2002), pp. 375-378
[93.]
V. Pintado, E. Gómez-Mampaso, J. Cobo, C. Quereda, M.A. Meseguer, J. Fortún, et al.
Nocardial infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Microbiol Infect, 9 (2003), pp. 716-720
[94.]
V. Pintado García.
Nocardiosis asociada a la infección por VIH: ¿estamos ante una enfermedad diferente?.
Rev Clin Esp, 202 (2002), pp. 365-366
[95.]
F. Biscione, D. Cecchini, J. Ambrosioni, M. Bianchi, M. Corti, J. Benetucci.
Nocardiosis en pacientes con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 23 (2005), pp. 419-423
[96.]
N. Jones, M. Khoosal, M. Louw, A. Karstaedt.
Nocardial infection as a complication of HIV in South Africa.
J Infect, 41 (2000), pp. 232-239
[97.]
S.B. Lucas, A. Hounnou, C. Peacock, A. Beaumel, A. Kadio, K.M. De-Cock.
Nocardiosis in HIV-positive patients: an autopsy study in West Africa.
Tuber Lung Dis, 75 (1994), pp. 301-307
[98.]
D.M. Weinstock, A.E. Brown.
Rhodococcus equi: an emerging pathogen.
Clin Infect Dis, 34 (2002), pp. 1379-1385
[99.]
M. Torres-Tortosa, J. Arrizabalaga, J.L. Villanueva, J. Gálvez, M. Leyes, M.E. Valencia, et al.
Prognosis and clinical evaluation of infection caused by Rhodococcus equi in HIV-infected patients: a multicenter study of 67 cases.
Chest, 123 (2003), pp. 1970-1976
[100.]
W.D. Perrymore, W.J. Milton.
Dense Rhodococcus cerebral abscesses in an HIV-positive patient.
Neuroradiology, 39 (1997), pp. 581-582
[101.]
K.J. Gray, N. French, E. Lugada, C. Watera, C.F. Gilks.
Rhodococcus equi and HIV-1 infection in Uganda.
J Infect, 41 (2000), pp. 227-231
[102.]
M. Casal.
Cómo denominar a las micobacterias diferentes a Mycobacterium tuberculosis y a M. leprae.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 21 (2003), pp. 296-298
[103.]
J.M. Ponnighaus, L.J. Mwanjasi, P.E. Fine, M.A. Shaw, A.C. Turner, S.M. Oxborrow, et al.
Is HIV infection a risk factor for leprosy?.
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 59 (1991), pp. 221-228
[104.]
R.A. Miller.
Leprosy and AIDS: a review of the literature and speculations on the impact of CD4+ lymphocyte depletion on immunity to Mycobacterium leprae.
Int J Lepr Other Mycobact Dis, 59 (1991), pp. 639-644
[105.]
S. Lucas.
Human immunodeficiency virus and leprosy.
Lepr Rev, 64 (1993), pp. 97-103
[106.]
T.M. Munyao, J.J. Bwayo, D.M. Owili, J.O. Ndinya-Achola, T.O. Kwasa, J.K. Kreiss.
Human immunodeficiency virus-1 in leprosy patients attending Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi.
East Afr Med J, 71 (1994), pp. 490-492
[107.]
D.R. Goodless, A.L. Viciana, R.J. Pardo, P. Ruiz.
Borderline tuberculoid Hansen's disease in AIDS.
J Am Acad Dermatol, 30 (1994), pp. 866-869
[108.]
A.P. Ustianowski, S.D. Lawn, D.N. Lockwood.
Interactions between HIV infection and leprosy: a paradox.
Lancet Infect Dis, 6 (2006), pp. 350-360
[109.]
W.w. Ooi, S.L. Moschella.
Update on Leprosy in immigrants in the United States: status in the year 2000.
Clin Infect Dis, 32 (2001), pp. 930-937
[110.]
G. Gómez Jiménez, A. Velázquez de Castro, R. Sagarra López Bueno.
Sospechar la lepra.
Aten Primaria, 20 (1997), pp. 107-108
[111.]
R. López-Vélez, T. Sáez Vaquero, J.L. Blanco Arevalo, E. Gómez Mampaso.
Lepra simulando otras enfermedades.
Rev Clin Esp, 199 (1999), pp. 369-372
[112.]
J.C. Moreno-Giménez, F. Valverde, J.J. Rios, C. Logroño, F. López Rubio.
Lepromatous leprosy in an HIV-positive patient in Spain.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 14 (2000), pp. 290-292
[113.]
A. Flórez, C. Feal, I. García-Doval, M.T. Abalde.
Enfermedad de Hansen: a propósito de dos casos de lepra lepromatosa en Pontevedra.
Med Clin (Barc), 118 (2002), pp. 718-719
[114.]
P. Almeida, L. Borrego, M.J. Rodríguez Salido, B. Hernández Machín, B. Hernández Hernández, F. Cañas, et al.
Lesiones cutáneas hiperpigmentadas en un inmigrante de raza negra.
Rev Clin Esp, 204 (2004), pp. 29-31
[115.]
American Thoracic Society. Diagnosis and treatment of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was approved by the Board of Directors, March 1997. Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156(2 Pt 2):S1-25.
[116.]
J.O. Falkinham.
Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria.
Clin Microbiol Rev, 9 (1996), pp. 177-215
[117.]
Y. Stienstral, W.T.A. Van der Graaf, G.J. Te Meerman, T.H. Thel, L.F. De Leij, T.S. Van der Werf.
Susceptibility to development of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease: review of possible risk factors.
Trop Med Intern Health, 6 (2001), pp. 554-562
[118.]
E. Delaporte, S. Alfandari, F. Piette.
Mycobacterium ulcerans associated with infection due to the human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Infect Dis, 23 (1996), pp. 1168-1170
[119.]
P.L. Raghunathan, E.A.S. Whitney, K. Asamoa, Y. Stienstra, T.H. Taylor Jr., G.K. Amofah, et al.
Risk factors for Buruli Ulcer Disease (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection): results from a case-control study in Ghana.
Clin Infect Dis, 40 (2005), pp. 1445-1453
[120.]
R.C. Johnson, D. Ifebe, A. Hans-Moevia, L. Kestensc, R. Houessoua, A. Guédénond, et al.
Disseminated Mycobacterium ulcerans disease in an HIV-positive patient: a case study.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 1704-1705
[121.]
G.J. Dore, Y. Li, A. McDonald, J.M. Kaldor.
Spectrum of AIDS-defining illnesses in Australia, 1992 to 1998: influence of country/region of birth.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr, 26 (2001), pp. 283-290
[122.]
D.T. Fisk, S. Meshnick, P.H. Kazanjian.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Patients in the Developing World Who Have Acquired Immunodeficiency Síndrome.
Clin Infect Dis, 36 (2003), pp. 70-78
[123.]
M.T. Serrano, N.H. Smith, W.X. Shandera.
Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Central Americans treated in Harris County, Texas Hospital District facilities.
Am J Trop Med Hyg, 57 (1997), pp. 678-682
[124.]
S. Lockman, N. Hone, T.A. Kenyon, M. Mwasekaga, M. Villauthapillai, T. Creek, et al.
Etiology of pulmonary infections in predominantly HIV-infected adults with suspected tuberculosis, Botswana.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 7 (2003), pp. 714-723
[125.]
J.M. Chakaya, C. Bii, L. Ng’ang’a, E. Amukoye, T. Ouko, L. Muita, et al.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients at an urban district hospital in Kenya.
East Afr Med J, 80 (2003), pp. 30-35
[126.]
G. Aderaye, J. Bruchfeld, M. Olsson, L. Lindquist.
Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii in HIV-positive patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis in Ethiopia.
[127.]
A.S. Karstaedt, H.H. Crewe-Brown, F. Dromer.
Cryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, serotype C, in AIDS patients in Soweto. South Africa.
Med Mycol, 40 (2002), pp. 7-11
[128.]
S.A. Marques, A.M. Robles, A.M. Tortorano, M.A. Tuculet, R. Negroni, R.P. Mendes.
Mycoses associated with AIDS in the Third World.
Med Mycol, 38 (2000), pp. 269-279
[129.]
N. French, K. Gray, C. Watera, J. Nakiyingi, E. Lugada, M. Moore, et al.
Cryptococcal infection in a cohort of HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults.
AIDS, 16 (2002), pp. 1031-1038
[130.]
A.D. Grant, G. Djomand, K.M. De Cock.
Natural history and spectrum of disease in adults with HIV/AIDS in Africa.
AIDS, 11 (1997), pp. S43-S54
[131.]
J.M. Ramos Rincón, C.M. Escolano Hortelano, M. Masia Canuto, F. Gutiérrez Rodero.
Criptococosis diseminada en inmigrantes colombianos con infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana.
Med Clin (Barc), 120 (2003), pp. 518
[132.]
M.B. Xavier, M.M.R. Ferreira, J.A.S. Cuaresma, A.C. De Brito.
HIV and Lacaziosis, Brazil.
Emerg Infect Dis, 12 (2006), pp. 526-527
[133.]
J.B. Stricker, D.L. Hurley, K.J. Slovacek, W.B. McCombs.
An unusual infection in a human immunodeficiency virus–positive man.
Arch Pathol Lab Med, 123 (1999), pp. 1121-1122
[134.]
S.P. Raffanti, B. Fyfe, S. Carreiro, S.E. Sharp, B.A. Hyma, K.R. Ratzan.
Native valve endocarditis due to Pseudallescheria boydii in a patient with AIDS: case report and review.
Rev Infect Dis, 12 (1990), pp. 993-996
[135.]
G.R. Scherr, S.G. Evans, M.T. Kiyabu, E.C. Klatt.
Pseudallescheria boydii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Arch Pathol Lab Med, 116 (1992), pp. 535-536
[136.]
A. Montero, J.E. Cohen, M.A. Fernández, G. Mazzolini, C.R. Gómez, J. Perugini.
Cerebral pseudallescheriasis due to Pseudallescheria boydii as the first manifestation of AIDS.
Clin Infect Dis, 26 (1998), pp. 1476-1477
[137.]
J.K. Van den Saffele, J.R. Boelaert.
Zygomycosis in HIV-positive patients: a review of the literature.
Mycoses, 39 (1996), pp. 77-84
[138.]
R. Blázquez, A. Pinedo, J. Cosin, P. Miralles, C. Lacruz, E. Bouza.
Nonsurgical cure of isolated cerebral mucormycosis in an intravenous drug user.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 15 (1996), pp. 598-599
[139.]
G.F. Carvalhal, M.G. Machado, A. Pompeo, L. Saldanha, E. Sabbaga, S. Arap.
Mucormycosis presenting as a renal mass in a patient with the human immunodeficiency virus.
J Urol, 158 (1997), pp. 2230-2231
[140.]
J.A. Guardia, J. Bourgoignie, J. Diego.
Renal mucormycosis in the HIV patient.
Am J Kidney Dis, 35 (2000), pp. E24
[141.]
R.A. Moraru, M.E. Grossman.
Palatal necrosis in an AIDS patient: a case of mucormycosis.
Cutis, 66 (2000), pp. 15-18
[142.]
M.L. Virally, J.P. Riveline, J. Virally, P. Chevojon, J.F. Regnard, A. Belmekki, et al.
Pulmonary mucormycosis in a diabetic patient with HIV.
Diabetes Care, 25 (2002), pp. 2105
[143.]
K. Supparatpinyo, C. Khamwan, V. Baosoung, K.E. Nelson, T. Sirisanthana.
Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in southeast Asia.
Lancet, 344 (1994), pp. 110-113
[144.]
T. Sirisanthana.
Penicillium marneffei infection in patients with AIDS.
Emerg Infect Dis, 7 (2001), pp. 561
[145.]
S. Chariyalertsak, T. Sirisanthana, K. Supparatpinyo, J. Praparattanapan, K.E. Nelson.
Case control study of risk factors for the Penicillium marneffei infection in HIV-infected patients in northern Thailand.
Clin Infect Dis, 24 (1997), pp. 1080-1086
[146.]
J. Berbegal, P. Martínez, M. Femenia, C. Serrat.
Infección diseminada por Penicillium marneffei en un paciente infectado por el VIH.
Med Clin (Barc), 121 (2003), pp. 36-37
[147.]
S. Antinori, E. Gianelli, C. Bonaccorso, A.L. Ridolfo, F. Croce, S. Sollima, et al.
Disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in an HIV-positive Italian patient and a review of cases reported outside endemic regions.
J Travel Med, 13 (2006), pp. 181-188
[148.]
P. Kantipong, V. Panich, V. Pongsurachet, G. Watt.
Hepatic penicilliosis in patients without skin lesions.
Clin Infect Dis, 26 (1998), pp. 1215-1217
[149.]
T. Sirisanthana, K. Supparatpinyo, J. Perriens, K.E. Nelson.
Amphotericin B and itraconazole for treatment of disseminated Penicillium marneffei infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
Clin Infect Dis, 26 (1998), pp. 1107-1110
[150.]
K. Supparatpinyo, J. Perriens, K.E. Nelson, T. Sirisanthana.
A controlled trial of itraconazole to prevent relapse of Penicillium marneffei infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
N Engl J Med, 339 (1998), pp. 1739-1744
[151.]
M.V.C. Cano, R.A. Hajjeh.
The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: a review.
Semin Respir Infect, 16 (2001), pp. 109-118
[152.]
E. Bouza Santiago.
Coccidioidomicosis y otras micosis regionales.
Rev Clin Esp, 197 (1997), pp. S75-S85
[153.]
G.A. Sarosi, P.C. Johnson.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
Clin Infect Dis, 14 (1992), pp. S60-S67
[154.]
F. Rivasi, B. Casali, A. Nanetti, G. Collina, A. Mazzoni.
Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum occurring in an HIV-positive Ghanaian immigrant to Italy. Identification of H. capsulatum DNA by PCR from paraffin sample.
APMIS, 109 (2001), pp. 721-725
[155.]
B. Hasse, A. Kronenberg.
African immigrant with weight loss and disseminated skin lesions.
Clin Infect Dis, 37 (2003), pp. 726-727
[156.]
P. Imbert, I. Poizot-Martin, J.P. Lacour, P. Marty, C. Dhiver, G. Martet.
Disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum histoplasmosis in African AIDS patients (3 cases).
Med Trop (Mars), 55 (1995), pp. 151-153
[157.]
J.M. Llibre, A. Salvador, J. Casanova, C. Galles.
Fiebre persistente, adenopatías retroperitoneales, pancitopenia y hepatosplenomegalia en un inmigrante africano con infección por HIV-1.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 14 (1996), pp. 499-500
[158.]
R. Manfredi, A. Mazzoni, A. Nanetti, F. Chiodo.
Histoplasmosis capsulati and duboisii in Europe: the impact of the HIV pandemic, travel and immigration.
Eur J Epidemiol, 10 (1994), pp. 675-681
[159.]
N. Benito, E. García Vázquez, A. Blanco, M. De Gorgolas, I. Gadea, P. Escalonilla, et al.
Histoplasmosis diseminada en pacientes con sida. Estudio de 2 casos y revisión de la bibliografía española.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 16 (1998), pp. 316-321
[160.]
M. Assi, D.S. McKinsey, M.R. Driks, M.C. O’Connor, M. Bonacini, B. Graham, et al.
Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: report of 18 cases and literature review.
Diagnost Microbiol Infect Dis, 55 (2006), pp. 195-201
[161.]
L.J. Wheat.
Laboratory diagnosis of histoplasmosis: Update 2000.
Semin Respir Infect, 16 (2001), pp. 131-140
[162.]
S. Mocherla, L.J. Wheat.
Treatment of histoplasmosis.
Semin Respir Infect, 16 (2001), pp. 141-148
[163.]
J. Gascón, J.M. Torres, P. Luburich, J.R. Ayuso, A. Xaubet, M. Corachán.
Imported histoplasmosis in Spain.
J Travel Med, 7 (2000), pp. 89-91
[164.]
N.M. Ampel.
Coccidioidomycosis among persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
Semin Respir Infect, 16 (2001), pp. 257-262
[165.]
N.M. Amper.
Coccidioidomycosis in persons infected with HIV type 1.
Clin Infect Dis, 41 (2005), pp. 1174-1178
[166.]
S. Verghese, D. Arjundas, K.C. Krishnakumar, P. Padmaja, D. Elizabeth, A.A. Padhye, et al.
Coccidioidomycosis in India: report of a second imported case.
Med Mycol, 40 (2002), pp. 307-309
[167.]
J. Jang, H.J. Lee, I. Lee, Y.K. Cho, H.J. Kim, K.H. Sohn.
The first imported case of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in Korea.
J Korean Med Sci, 14 (1999), pp. 206-209
[168.]
R.W. Baird, H. Teichtahl, H.M. Ednie, A. Tasiopoulos, N. Ryanf, D. Gee.
A fluffy white traveller: imported Coccidiodes immitis infection in an Australian tourist.
Pathology, 31 (1999), pp. 47-50
[169.]
J.L. Hernández, S. Echevarria, A. García-Valtuille, F. Mazorra, R. Salesa.
Atypical coccidioidomycosis in an AIDS patient successfully treated with fluconazole.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 16 (1997), pp. 592-594
[170.]
L.Z. Goldani, A.M. Sugar.
Paracoccidioidomycosis and AIDS: an overview.
Clin Infect Dis, 21 (1995), pp. 1275-1281
[171.]
M.L. Silva-Vergara, A.C. Teixeira, V.G. Curi, J.C. Costa Junior, R. Vanunce, W.M. Carmo, et al.
Paracoccidioidomycosis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Report of 10 cases.
Med Mycol, 41 (2003), pp. 259-263
[172.]
A.M. Paniago, A.C. De Freitas, E.S. Aguiar, J.I. Aguiar, R.V. Da Cunha, A.R. Castro, et al.
Paracoccidioidomycosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus: review of 12 cases observed in an endemic region in Brazil.
J Infect, 51 (2005), pp. 248-252
[173.]
G. Benard, A.J. Duarte.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: a model for evaluation of the effects of human immunodeficiency virus infection on the natural history of endemic tropical diseases.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 1032-1039
[174.]
L. Ajello, L. Polonelli.
Imported paracoccidioidomycosis: a public health problem in non-endemic areas.
Eur J Epidemiol, 1 (1985), pp. 160-165
[175.]
R. Horre, G. Schumacher, K. Alpers, H.M. Seitz, S. Adler, K. Lemmer, et al.
A case of imported paracoccidioidomycosis in a German legionnaire.
Med Mycol, 40 (2002), pp. 213-216
[176.]
B.J. Manns, B.W. Baylis, S.J. Urbanski, A.P. Gibb, H.R. Rabin.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: case report and review.
Clin Infect Dis, 23 (1996), pp. 1026-1032
[177.]
M. Miguelez, M.J. Amerigo, A. Perera, J. Rosquete.
Paracoccidiodomicosis de importación. A propósito de dos casos.
Med Clin (Barc), 105 (1995), pp. 756
[178.]
P.G. Pappas, J.C. Pottage, W.G. Powderly, V.J. Fraser, C.W. Stratton, S. McKenzie, et al.
Blastomycosis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Ann Intern Med, 116 (1992), pp. 847-853
[179.]
E. Catherinot, E. Rivaud, B. Epardeau, P. Cahen, S. Condette-Auliac, L.J. Couderc.
A holiday in Canada.
Lancet, 360 (2002), pp. 1564
Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos