Información del artículo
Abstract
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection was associated with significant morbidity, mainly among children and young adults. The majority of patients had self-limited mild-to-moderate uncomplicated disease. However, some patients developed severe illness and some died. In addition to respiratory complications, several complications due to direct and indirect effects on other body systems were associated with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. The main complications reported in hospitalized adults with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were pneumonia (primary influenza pneumonia and concomitant/secondary bacterial pneumonia), exacerbations of chronic pulmonary diseases (mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), the need for intensive unit care admission (including mechanical ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock), nosocomial infections and acute cardiac events. In experimentally infected animals, the level of pulmonary replication of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was higher than that of seasonal influenza viruses. Pathological studies in autopsy specimens indicated that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus mainly targeted the lower respiratory tract, resulting in diffuse alveolar damage (edema, hyaline membranes, inflammation, and fibrosis), manifested clinically by severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with refractory hypoxemia. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-related pneumonia and other complications were associated with increased morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients.
Keywords:
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus
Complication
Pneumonia
Intensive care unit
Mortality
Resumen
Si bien la mayoría de los pacientes infectados por el virus de la gripe A(H1N1)pdm09 tuvieron enfermedad no complicada, autolimitada, leve a moderada, la infección se caracterizó por una morbilidad significativa, especialmente entre niños y adultos jóvenes, de forma que algunos pacientes desarrollaron una enfermedad grave y algunos murieron. La infección por virus de la gripe A(H1N1)pdm09 se asoció no sólo con complicaciones respiratorias, sino también con complicaciones debidas a los efectos directos e indirectos sobre otros sistemas del organismo. En los pacientes adultos hospitalizados las complicaciones principales fueron neumonía (neumonía primaria por gripe y neumonía bacteriana concomitante/secundaria), exacerbaciones de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas (principalmente enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y asma), necesidad para la admisión en unidad de cuidados intensivos (incluso ventilación mecánica, síndrome de dolor respiratorio agudo y shock séptico), infecciones nosocomiales y acontecimientos cardíacos agudos. En los animales de experimentación infectados con virus de la gripe A(H1N1)pdm09 el nivel de replicación del virus a nivel pulmonar era más alto que el de los virus de la gripe estacional. Los estudios anatomopatológicos de muestras de autopsia mostraron que el virus de la gripe A(H1N1)pdm09 actúa principalmente sobre el tracto respiratorio inferior, provocando lesión difusa del alveolo (edema, membranas hialinas, inflamación y fibrosis), lo que se traduce clínicamente en un síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo grave con hipoxemia refractaria. La neumonía y otras complicaciones relacionadas con la gripe por virus A(H1N1)pdm09 se asociaron a una mayor morbilidad y mortalidad en los pacientes hospitalizados.
Palabras clave:
Virus de la gripe A (H1N1)pdm09
Complicaciones
Neumonía
Unidad de cuidados intensivos
Mortalidad
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