Información del artículo
La malaria representa para los viajeros la primera causa infecciosa de riesgo de complicaciones graves y muerte. Su adquisición durante un viaje depende de la zona geográfica visitada, la especie parasitaria predominante, la frecuencia de resistencia a los antipalúdicos y de la realización de las medidas de prevención. A la espera de una vacuna, la estrategia de prevención descansa en la información al viajero, el uso de medidas barrera que limiten las picaduras de los vectores, la toma de quimioprofilaxis de manera adecuada y la posibilidad del autodiagnóstico y autotratamiento. La elección de la pauta de quimioprofilaxis ha de hacerse de manera individualizada, ya que ninguna pauta garantiza un 100% de protección y ninguna está exenta de efectos tóxicos secundarios o contraindicaciones. Doxiciclina, atovacuona-proguanil y mefloquina son los fármacos más eficaces; mientras que atovacuona-proguanil y doxiciclina son los que con menos frecuencia producen efectos secundarios graves
Palabras clave:
Viaje
Malaria
Prevención
Profilaxis
Malaria prevention in international travel For travelers malaria represents the principal infectious risk of severe complications and death. Infection during traveling depends on the geographical area visited, the predominant species of parasite, the frequency of resistance to antimalarial agents, and whether preventive measures have been taken. Until a vaccine has been developed, prevention strategies consist of providing travelers with information, the use of barrier methods against vector bites, the correct use of chemoprophylaxis, and the possibility of self-diagnosis and treatment. The choice of chemoprophylaxis regimen should be individualized since no regimen guarantees 100% protection or is free of adverse effects or contraindications. The most effective drugs are doxycycline, atovaquone-proguanil and mefloquine while those producing severe adverse effects with the least frequency are atovaquone-proguanil and doxycycline
Key words:
Travel
Malaria
Prevention
Prophylaxis
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