Información del artículo
La gastroenteritis aguda es una de las enfermedades más comunes y que afecta a los niños de todo el mundo. Los virus se reconocen hoy día como una de las principales causas de esta infección, particularmente en la infancia. Desde que se describiera el virus Norwalk por primera vez como causa de gastroenteritis, se ha ido incrementando progresivamente el número de virus asociados a esta enfermedad. Los rotavirus son la primera causa de diarrea grave en niños menores de 5 años y los astrovirus, calicivirus y adenovirus entéricos son también agentes etiológicos importantes de la enfermedad. Otros virus, como los torovirus, coronavirus, picobirnaviruses, virus Aichi o los bocavirus humanos, también se han implicado en la etiología de la diarrea aguda. La vacunación frente a los rotavirus constituye, hoy día, la mejor estrategia para prevenir los casos graves de diarrea y reducir la mortalidad producida por estos virus.
Palabras clave:
Gastroenteritis viral
Rotavirus
Astrovirus
Adenovirus entérico
Norovirus
Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases, affecting children worldwide. Viruses are recognized as a major cause of this disease, particularly in children. Since the Norwalk virus was identified as a cause of gastroenteritis, the number of viral agents associated with diarrheal disease in humans has progressively increased. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. Human astroviruses, caliciviruses and enteric adenovirus are also important etiologic agents of acute gastroenteritis. Other viruses such as toroviruses, coronaviruses, picobirnaviruses, Aichi virus and human bocavirus are increasingly being identified as causative agents of diarrhea. Vaccination against rotavirus could prevent cases of severe diarrhea and reduce the mortality attributable to this disease.
Key words:
Viral gastroenteritis
Rotaviruses
Astroviruses
Enteric adenoviruses
Noroviruses
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