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Vol. 29. Núm. S2.
Micafungina: nuevos retos y nuevas posibilidades en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Páginas 38-42 (marzo 2011)
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Vol. 29. Núm. S2.
Micafungina: nuevos retos y nuevas posibilidades en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Páginas 38-42 (marzo 2011)
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
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Tratamiento combinado de la aspergilosis invasora. ¿Una oportunidad para micafungina?
Combination therapy for invasive aspergillosis
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Isabel Ruiz-Camps
Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, España
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Bibliografía
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Resumen

Las infecciones fúngicas invasoras, y en concreto la aspergilosis invasora, han aumentado en frecuencia en las últimas décadas, y pese a la aparición de nuevos antifúngicos se asocian a una elevada mortalidad que oscila entre el 40 y el 80%, dependiendo del paciente en el que incida y de la localización de ésta. Para intentar disminuir esta elevada tasa, se han planteado nuevas estrategias terapéuticas, entre las que se encuentra la terapia combinada. La mayoría de los datos disponibles sobre la eficacia de las combinaciones proceden de modelos experimentales, datos in vitro y estudios observacionales retrospectivos o con un número reducido de pacientes donde además mezclan pacientes en tratamiento de primera línea con pacientes en rescate, y hay muchas aspergilosis posibles y pocas probadas o probables. De momento, no se ha demostrado que el tratamiento combinado tenga una eficacia significativamente superior a la monoterapia; sin embargo, podría estar indicado en formas de aspergilosis grave, que cursen con afectación del sistema nervioso central o afectación pulmonar extensa con insuficiencia respiratoria, etc. Entre las combinaciones, la asociación de una equinocandina, grupo al que pertenece la micafungina, con voriconazol o anfotericina B liposomal parece mostrar sinergia y ha sido la más ensayada en estudios clínicos y, por tanto, aunque con escaso grado de evidencia, es la recomendada por las diferentes sociedades científicas.

Palabras clave:
Terapia combinada
Aspergilosis Micafungina
Abstract

The frequency of invasive fungal infections, and specifically invasive aspergillosis, has increased in the last few decades. Despite the development of new antifungal agents, these infections are associated with high mortality, ranging from 40% to 80%, depending on the patient and the localization of the infection. To reduce these figures, several therapeutic strategies have been proposed, including combination therapy. Most of the available data on the efficacy of these combinations are from experimental models, in vitro data and retrospective observational studies or studies with a small number of patients that have included both patients in first-line treatment and those receiving rescue therapy; in addition there are many patients with possible forms of aspergillosis and few with demonstrated or probable forms. To date, there is no evidence that combination therapy has significantly higher efficacy than monotherapy; however, combination therapy could be indicated in severe forms of aspergillosis, or forms with central nervous involvement or extensive pulmonary involvement with respiratory insufficiency, etc. Among the combinations, the association of an echinocandin – the group that includes micafungin – with voriconazole or liposomal amphotericin B seems to show synergy. These combinations are those most extensively studied in clinical trials and therefore, although the grade of evidence is low, are recommended by the various scientific societies.

Keywords:
Combination therapy
Aspergillosis Micafungin
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