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Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Epidemiología de las infecciones en el paciente neutropénico
Epidemiology of infections in neutropenic patients
Joaquín Díaz-Mediavillaa,
, Manuel Lizasoainb
a Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Clínico de San Carlos. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los datos epidemiol&#243;gicos son &#250;tiles para conocer los cambios de formas de expresi&#243;n cl&#237;nica y de agentes microbianos causales de las infecciones&#46; Ello permite dise&#241;ar tratamientos emp&#237;ricos o anticipados y orientar pruebas diagn&#243;sticas&#44; as&#237; como clasificarlos por grupos de riesgo para decidir la necesidad o no de hospitalizaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia de neutropenia est&#225; aumentando como consecuencia de la mayor agresividad de los tratamientos antineopl&#225;sicos empleados y por la ampliaci&#243;n del rango de edad de los pacientes que los reciben&#46; Se ha calculado que en Estados Unidos se producen unas 60&#46;000 hospitalizaciones anuales a causa de la neutropenia&#44; y que la tercera parte de ellas corresponde a pacientes hematol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los focos de infecci&#243;n m&#225;s frecuentes son&#58; neumon&#237;a &#40;38&#37;&#41;&#44; bacteriemia &#40;35&#37;&#41; y afecciones urinarias &#40;11&#37;&#41;&#46; De las bacterias causantes de infecci&#243;n&#44; dos tercios son grampositivas y el resto&#44; bacilos gramnegativos&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os parece que vuelve a observarse un incremento de gramnegativos&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los aislamientos f&#250;ngicos representan el 2-10&#37; de los casos&#44; seg&#250;n el tipo de pacientes neutrop&#233;nicos que se considere&#44; y se producen preferentemente en los que presentan una neutropenia prolongada u otros d&#233;ficit inmunol&#243;gicos asociados&#44; como en los pacientes con trasplantes alog&#233;nicos de m&#233;dula &#243;sea o en quienes han recibido an&#225;logos de las purinas&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los virus herp&#233;ticos son muy frecuentes&#46; Los virus respiratorios parece que se perfilan como pat&#243;genos emergentes para este grupo de pacientes&#46;</p>"
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