Evaluación crítica de los nuevos métodos comerciales para la determinación de la carga viral del VIH-1 y del VHC
A review on new commercial methods for HIV-1 and HCV viral load determinations
Antonio Aguileraa,
, Jose María González Albab,c, Lucía Martínez Lamasa, María Luz Moldes Suáreza, Juan Carlos Galánb,c,d,
Autor para correspondencia
Autor para correspondencia
a Sercicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España
b Unidad de Virología Molecular, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
c Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, España
d CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España
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=> array:1 [ 0 => "antonio.aguilera.guirao@sergas.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jose María González" "apellidos" => "Alba" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Lucía Martínez" "apellidos" => "Lamas" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "María Luz Moldes" "apellidos" => "Suárez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] ] ] 4 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Juan Carlos" "apellidos" => "Galán" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jgalanm.hrc@salud.madrid.org" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sercicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Virología Molecular, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Resistencia a Antibióticos y Virulencia Bacteriana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff3" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>" "identificador" => "aff4" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Autor para correspondencia." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "A review on new commercial methods for HIV-1 and HCV viral load determinations" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec138283" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana tipo 1" 1 => "Hepatitis C" 2 => "Carga viral" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec138282" "palabras" => array:3 [ 0 => "Human immunodeficiency virus type 1" 1 => "Hepatitis C" 2 => "Viral load" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las técnicas de cuantificación viral tienen cada vez más demanda en la microbiología clínica, bien para la evolución de pacientes trasplantados, bien para el seguimiento a largo plazo de enfermedades crónicas como los virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) y de la hepatitis C (VHC). Las diferentes compañías farmacéuticas, interesadas en el desarrollo de metodologías eficientes y precisas para el diagnóstico y la correcta cuantificación viral han convergido en los últimos 2 años en la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real aplicada a la cuantificación del VIH y del VHC, para incrementar la sensibilidad, la precisión, la linealidad y la correcta detección de la diversidad genómica de estos dos virus respecto a las técnicas clásicas que se venían aplicando desde finales de la década de 1990. La PCR en tiempo real es la gran herramienta del futuro inmediato, por su sensibilidad y precisión; sin embargo, se debe dar respuesta a nuevas preguntas, como si la constante variabilidad genética en ambos virus puede afectar progresivamente a la correcta cuantificación viral, situación difícilmente detectable al existir una uniformidad metodológica.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Viral load techniques are more and more demanded in Clinical Microbiology, regarding with transplanted patients or long time follow-up of chronic diseases as those caused by human inmunodeficiency (HIV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. In the last 2 years, pharmaceutical companies, interested to develop more efficient and accurate methods for the diagnosis and correct viral quantification of HIV and HCV, have converged in the real time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. This process is due to the increased sensitiviy, accuracy, linearity and correct detection of genomic viral variants of real time PCR techniques, in comparison with classical molecular methods applied since the nineties of the past century. In spite real time PCR appears as the best tool for the immediate future, new questions regarding the high variability of these viruses should be considered. This could affect the correctness of viral quantifications, while being difficult to detect it because of the methodological uniformity in the clinical laboratories.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:55 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.L. Fahey" 1 => "J.M. Taylor" 2 => "R. Detels" 3 => "B. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 2024 Octubre | 7 | 1 | 8 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2024 Agosto | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2024 Julio | 10 | 5 | 15 |
| 2024 Junio | 8 | 3 | 11 |
| 2024 Mayo | 11 | 3 | 14 |
| 2024 Abril | 6 | 5 | 11 |
| 2024 Marzo | 8 | 12 | 20 |
| 2024 Febrero | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2024 Enero | 8 | 2 | 10 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 16 | 9 | 25 |
| 2023 Octubre | 15 | 3 | 18 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 11 | 0 | 11 |
| 2023 Agosto | 13 | 2 | 15 |
| 2023 Julio | 4 | 3 | 7 |
| 2023 Junio | 5 | 2 | 7 |
| 2023 Mayo | 14 | 2 | 16 |
| 2023 Abril | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| 2023 Marzo | 10 | 7 | 17 |
| 2023 Febrero | 15 | 0 | 15 |
| 2023 Enero | 20 | 3 | 23 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 23 | 3 | 26 |
| 2022 Octubre | 29 | 7 | 36 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 19 | 11 | 30 |
| 2022 Agosto | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2022 Julio | 7 | 7 | 14 |
| 2022 Junio | 8 | 10 | 18 |
| 2022 Mayo | 31 | 11 | 42 |
| 2022 Abril | 21 | 12 | 33 |
| 2022 Marzo | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2022 Febrero | 15 | 10 | 25 |
| 2022 Enero | 36 | 16 | 52 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 22 | 15 | 37 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 20 | 8 | 28 |
| 2021 Octubre | 25 | 12 | 37 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2021 Agosto | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2021 Julio | 7 | 4 | 11 |
| 2021 Junio | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2021 Mayo | 16 | 7 | 23 |
| 2021 Abril | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 2021 Marzo | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2021 Febrero | 6 | 9 | 15 |
| 2021 Enero | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 8 | 13 | 21 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 7 | 8 | 15 |
| 2020 Octubre | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2020 Agosto | 9 | 10 | 19 |
| 2020 Julio | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2020 Junio | 10 | 22 | 32 |
| 2020 Mayo | 7 | 13 | 20 |
| 2020 Abril | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2020 Marzo | 11 | 11 | 22 |
| 2020 Febrero | 8 | 11 | 19 |
| 2020 Enero | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 11 | 13 | 24 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 7 | 21 | 28 |
| 2019 Octubre | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 9 | 18 | 27 |
| 2019 Agosto | 7 | 10 | 17 |
| 2019 Julio | 8 | 31 | 39 |
| 2019 Junio | 14 | 45 | 59 |
| 2019 Mayo | 53 | 76 | 129 |
| 2019 Abril | 20 | 36 | 56 |
| 2019 Marzo | 2 | 11 | 13 |
| 2019 Febrero | 6 | 14 | 20 |
| 2019 Enero | 6 | 10 | 16 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 11 | 9 | 20 |
| 2018 Octubre | 14 | 5 | 19 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 5 | 5 | 10 |
| 2018 Agosto | 0 | 18 | 18 |
| 2018 Julio | 5 | 18 | 23 |
| 2018 Junio | 4 | 14 | 18 |
| 2018 Mayo | 2 | 11 | 13 |
| 2018 Abril | 5 | 8 | 13 |
| 2018 Marzo | 1 | 14 | 15 |
| 2018 Febrero | 4 | 16 | 20 |
| 2018 Enero | 6 | 7 | 13 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 5 | 7 | 12 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 8 | 9 | 17 |
| 2017 Octubre | 6 | 16 | 22 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 7 | 19 | 26 |
| 2017 Agosto | 6 | 14 | 20 |
| 2017 Julio | 3 | 15 | 18 |
| 2017 Junio | 15 | 48 | 63 |
| 2017 Mayo | 10 | 41 | 51 |
| 2017 Abril | 11 | 35 | 46 |
| 2017 Marzo | 17 | 21 | 38 |
| 2017 Febrero | 9 | 24 | 33 |
| 2017 Enero | 9 | 15 | 24 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 20 | 8 | 28 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 20 | 19 | 39 |
| 2016 Octubre | 27 | 14 | 41 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 24 | 17 | 41 |
| 2016 Agosto | 15 | 11 | 26 |
| 2016 Julio | 14 | 12 | 26 |
| 2016 Junio | 10 | 22 | 32 |
| 2016 Mayo | 16 | 29 | 45 |
| 2016 Abril | 9 | 28 | 37 |
| 2016 Marzo | 10 | 26 | 36 |
| 2016 Febrero | 9 | 29 | 38 |
| 2016 Enero | 8 | 23 | 31 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 8 | 19 | 27 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 13 | 23 | 36 |
| 2015 Octubre | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2015 Agosto | 22 | 6 | 28 |
| 2015 Julio | 26 | 11 | 37 |
| 2015 Junio | 17 | 7 | 24 |
| 2015 Mayo | 13 | 4 | 17 |
| 2015 Abril | 23 | 30 | 53 |
| 2015 Marzo | 12 | 13 | 25 |
| 2015 Febrero | 8 | 8 | 16 |
| 2015 Enero | 25 | 5 | 30 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 36 | 7 | 43 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2014 Octubre | 44 | 2 | 46 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 33 | 4 | 37 |
| 2014 Agosto | 32 | 6 | 38 |
| 2014 Julio | 42 | 3 | 45 |
| 2014 Junio | 39 | 3 | 42 |
| 2014 Mayo | 30 | 6 | 36 |
| 2014 Abril | 23 | 2 | 25 |
| 2014 Marzo | 32 | 3 | 35 |
| 2014 Febrero | 26 | 0 | 26 |
| 2014 Enero | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 35 | 2 | 37 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 32 | 5 | 37 |
| 2013 Octubre | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 20 | 7 | 27 |
| 2013 Agosto | 24 | 15 | 39 |
| 2013 Julio | 20 | 4 | 24 |
| 2010 Enero | 616 | 0 | 616 |
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