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Micobacterias atípicas y su implicación en patología infecciosa pulmonar
Atypical mycobacteria and pulmonary involvement in infectious diseases
Juan J. Camarena Miñanaa,b,
Autor para correspondencia
juan.camarena@uv.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Rosa González Pellicera
a Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, España
b Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia de enfermedad infecciosa pulmonar &#40;EIP&#41; por micobacterias no tuberculosas &#40;MNT&#41; est&#225; aumentando de manera significativa en los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os&#46; Las MNT son pat&#243;genos oportunistas ambientales y su creciente asociaci&#243;n con EIP se debe a factores como mayor exposici&#243;n a estos microorganismos&#44; aumento de sensibilidad de las t&#233;cnicas diagn&#243;sticas e incremento de pacientes con factores predisponentes&#46; En ocasiones resulta dif&#237;cil diferenciar si un aislamiento de muestra respiratoria corresponde a una contaminaci&#243;n o est&#225; implicado en la patogenia de la enfermedad&#46; Las gu&#237;as de la American Thoracic Society&#47;Infectious Diseases Society of America combinan criterios cl&#237;nicos y microbiol&#243;gicos para un correcto diagn&#243;stico de EIP por MNT&#46; Aunque no validados para todas&#44; s&#237; resaltan la importancia del diagn&#243;stico de especie&#46; La identificaci&#243;n mediante m&#233;todos convencionales es la pauta habitual en los laboratorios de microbiolog&#237;a cl&#237;nica&#44; si bien no siempre permite la diferenciaci&#243;n de especie&#44; debiendo utilizarse en la actualidad nuevos m&#233;todos moleculares de hibridaci&#243;n con sondas&#44; amplificaci&#243;n gen&#243;mica y t&#233;cnicas de secuenciaci&#243;n&#46; La comunicaci&#243;n cl&#237;nico-microbi&#243;logo es conveniente para establecer la pauta diagn&#243;stica m&#225;s adecuada y poder decidir cu&#225;ndo remitir el aislado al laboratorio de referencia&#46; Aunque el CLSI ha publicado una actualizaci&#243;n en las pautas de estudio de sensibilidad in vitro&#44; persiste el debate acerca de su utilidad en el manejo de la EIP por MNT&#46; El objetivo de esta revisi&#243;n es describir las MNT m&#225;s relevantes en patolog&#237;a pulmonar&#44; los factores predisponentes a esta infecci&#243;n&#44; su diagn&#243;stico mediante nuevas alternativas y la correlaci&#243;n in vitro con la respuesta del paciente al tratamiento&#46;</p>"
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ISSN: 0213005X
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