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Formación médica continuada: Métodos de diagnóstico rápido en Microbiología Clínica
Diagnóstico rápido en serología
Rapid diagnosis in serology
Isabel García-Bermejoa,
Autor para correspondencia
igarciab@salud.madrid.org

Autor para correspondencia.
, Fernando de Oryb,c
a Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Madrid, España
b Laboratorio de Serología y Arbovirus, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, España
c Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER ESP), España
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aunque retrasa el diagn&#243;stico en el tiempo al requerir el estudio en paralelo de muestras obtenidas en la fase aguda y en la convalecencia&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las muestras cl&#237;nicas en las que principalmente se basan los estudios serol&#243;gicos son suero o plasma&#44; en general en fase l&#237;quida&#44; aunque tambi&#233;n se emplea sangre inmovilizada en papel de filtro&#46; Tambi&#233;n se utilizan otros fluidos corporales&#44; como l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo &#40;en infecciones del sistema nervioso central&#41;&#44; saliva y orina&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">T&#233;cnicas serol&#243;gicas</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las t&#233;cnicas serol&#243;gicas cl&#225;sicas &#40;neutralizaci&#243;n&#44; fijaci&#243;n del complemento e inhibici&#243;n de la hemaglutinaci&#243;n&#44; entre otras&#41; detectan anticuerpos totales&#44; por lo que no proporcionan un diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#46; En general&#44; requieren de procesos preanal&#237;ticos para eliminar reactantes inespec&#237;ficos&#44; y no est&#225;n automatizadas&#44; por lo que no son t&#233;cnicas de r&#225;pida ejecuci&#243;n&#46; Por otra parte&#44; las t&#233;cnicas en fase s&#243;lida&#44; como el inmunoan&#225;lisis enzim&#225;tico &#40;ELISA&#41;&#44; la inmunofluorescencia &#40;IF&#41;&#44; la inmunoquimioluminiscencia &#40;IQL&#41; o la inmunocromatograf&#237;a &#40;IC&#41;&#44; permiten la identificaci&#243;n de anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos de clase&#44; lo que las habilita para el diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#44; mediante la detecci&#243;n de IgM&#46; Los ensayos de ELISA e IQL est&#225;n disponibles en formatos autom&#225;ticos que requieren equipamiento costoso&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido en serolog&#237;a&#46; Detecci&#243;n de IgM</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realiza mediante ensayos indirectos y de captura&#46; En los primeros&#44; los anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos del suero se unen al ant&#237;geno inmovilizado en la fase s&#243;lida&#46; El isotipo IgM es reconocido mediante un antisuero anti-IgM&#44; conjugado con el indicador correspondiente al ensayo&#44; revel&#225;ndose la reacci&#243;n&#46; En los ensayos de captura&#44; la IgM de la muestra se une a un antisuero anti-IgM&#46; Si la muestra tiene IgM espec&#237;fica&#44; es reconocida mediante la adici&#243;n de un ant&#237;geno conjugado&#44; o de un ant&#237;geno viral junto con&#44; o seguido de&#44; un antisuero conjugado&#46; En ambos casos&#44; la intensidad de la se&#241;al generada es directamente proporcional a la concentraci&#243;n de IgM espec&#237;fica&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Limitaciones de la detecci&#243;n de IgM</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La validez de la IgM como indicador de infecci&#243;n reciente se puede ver condicionada por reactividades que no est&#225;n directamente relacionadas con la infecci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La presencia de factor reumatoide<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>&#44; en individuos con IgG espec&#237;fica&#46; El factor reumatoide es un autoanticuerpo IgM con especificidad anti-IgG&#46; La eliminaci&#243;n de la IgG de la muestra elimina esta reactividad&#46; En la actualidad&#44; la mayor&#237;a de los m&#233;todos comerciales para la detecci&#243;n de IgM incluyen una incubaci&#243;n previa en presencia de un antisuero anti-IgG&#44; o recomiendan su uso como opci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ciertos virus pertenecientes al mismo grupo comparten determinantes antig&#233;nicos&#44; lo que se expresa en forma de reactividad cruzada al medir IgM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46; Esta situaci&#243;n es importante cuando se produce entre agentes infecciosos que pueden producir cuadros cl&#237;nicos similares&#44; como el virus Epstein Barr &#40;VEB&#41; y el citomegalovirus &#40;CMV&#41; en la mononucleosis infecciosa &#40;MI&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La reactividad m&#250;ltiple frente a varios ant&#237;genos&#44; por estimulaci&#243;n policlonal de linfocitos<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>B de memoria&#44; da lugar a reactividad IgM no relacionada con infecci&#243;n aguda<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46; Se manifiesta como reactividad IgM frente a pat&#243;genos que han infectado previamente al paciente&#44; lo que origina problemas de diagn&#243;stico diferencial&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las infecciones secundarias &#40;reinfecci&#243;n ex&#243;gena o reactivaci&#243;n de virus latente&#41; cursan frecuentemente con presencia de IgM&#46; Esta circunstancia plantea problemas importantes en determinadas situaciones&#44; como es la infecci&#243;n por virus dengue o la infecci&#243;n por CMV en el embarazo&#59; en este caso&#44; la infecci&#243;n primaria produce infecci&#243;n cong&#233;nita m&#225;s frecuentemente que la reactivaci&#243;n&#44; siendo de gran inter&#233;s caracterizar el tipo de infecci&#243;n en presencia de IgM espec&#237;fica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La persistencia de IgM origina igualmente problemas diagn&#243;sticos&#44; como sucede en las infecciones por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Toxoplasma gondii</span>&#46; Su detecci&#243;n en el control serol&#243;gico del embarazo&#44; implica diferenciar la respuesta IgM espec&#237;fica de la infecci&#243;n primaria aguda debido al riesgo que supone para el feto<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por &#250;ltimo&#44; la ausencia de respuesta IgM es posible en infecciones en pacientes con alg&#250;n tipo de inmunodepresi&#243;n&#44; entre las que se puede considerar la infecci&#243;n cong&#233;nita<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todas estas circunstancias requieren ensayos que permitan confirmar o excluir la respuesta IgM&#44; o relacionarla con un tipo de infecci&#243;n &#40;primaria o secundaria&#41;&#44; como son el establecimiento de perfiles de anticuerpos o los ensayos de avidez de IgG&#59; este &#250;ltimo marcador es un buen indicador de infecci&#243;n primaria&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">T&#233;cnicas r&#225;pidas en serolog&#237;a</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">T&#233;cnicas automatizadas</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Gran parte de las determinaciones serol&#243;gicas est&#225;n disponibles en formatos automatizados&#44; siendo especialmente &#250;tiles para determinaciones de gran requerimiento&#46; Sus ventajas son el aumento del rendimiento&#44; la exactitud&#44; la reducci&#243;n del tiempo de respuesta&#44; la trazabilidad y menor trabajo manual&#59; en definitiva&#44; son coste-efectivas&#46; Por otra parte&#44; las desventajas son el alto coste&#44; tanto de equipos como de reactivos&#44; y los problemas t&#233;cnicos y de comunicaci&#243;n con los sistemas de gesti&#243;n de muestras&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a> se presentan&#44; sin &#225;nimo de que la relaci&#243;n sea exhaustiva&#44; ensayos autom&#225;ticos empleados por laboratorios espa&#241;oles&#44; seg&#250;n informaci&#243;n de la SEIMC &#40;<a href="https://www.seimc.org/controldecalidadseimc/">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seimc&#46;org&#47;controldecalidadseimc&#47;</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Ensayos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Point-of-Care</span></span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los ensayos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Point-of-Care</span> &#40;PoC&#41; son los que se realizan fuera del laboratorio central&#44; pr&#243;ximos al paciente&#44; con material y equipamiento f&#225;cilmente transportable y cuyos resultados se encuentran disponibles en minutos o en menos de una hora&#46; No necesitan personal especialmente entrenado para su realizaci&#243;n ni para su lectura e interpretaci&#243;n&#46; Su aplicaci&#243;n es mayor en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo&#44; en donde han probado su coste-efectividad en la prevenci&#243;n de la transmisi&#243;n vertical de la s&#237;filis y la infecci&#243;n por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana &#40;VIH&#41;&#44; pero tambi&#233;n tienen su espacio en nuestro medio&#44; debido a que acercan el diagn&#243;stico a la poblaci&#243;n diana y pueden realizarse en centros no sanitarios&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la actualidad&#44; las t&#233;cnicas de IC&#44; tambi&#233;n llamadas de flujo lateral&#44; se utilizan para la detecci&#243;n de anticuerpos IgM e IgG&#46; La reacci&#243;n se produce en un filtro de nitrocelulosa o de nailon&#44; por el que fluye la muestra&#46; En la zona de reacci&#243;n se encuentran inmovilizados los ant&#237;genos frente a los que se quiere detectar anticuerpos&#59; si estos existen&#44; se quedan fijados&#46; La muestra fluye a la zona del conjugado &#40;antisuero frente al isotipo que interese&#41; con oro coloidal&#44; evidenci&#225;ndose la presencia de anticuerpos por desarrollo de color&#46; Suelen incluir una zona de control&#44; para verificar que la reacci&#243;n ha tenido lugar de forma adecuada&#46; Los resultados se obtienen en 15-30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46;</p><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Mononucleosis infecciosa</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En el adulto joven y en el adolescente inmunocompetente&#44; la manifestaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica m&#225;s frecuente de la infecci&#243;n primaria por el VEB es la MI&#46; El diagn&#243;stico microbiol&#243;gico se realiza por m&#233;todos serol&#243;gicos&#44; mediante la detecci&#243;n de anticuerpos heter&#243;filos &#40;AH&#41; o por la demostraci&#243;n de anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos frente al VEB&#44; permitiendo diferenciar el cuadro cl&#237;nico asociado al VEB del producido&#44; entre otros&#44; por el CMV&#44; VIH o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gondii</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los AH detectados en la fase aguda de la enfermedad confirman el diagn&#243;stico de MI por VEB&#44; ya que no suelen aparecer en los casos de otra etiolog&#237;a y generalmente se negativizan en 2 o 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#46; Aparecen en el 80-90&#37; de los pacientes con MI mayores de 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#44; aunque por debajo de esa edad el porcentaje de positividad es menor del 50&#37;&#44; principalmente en menores de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Existen muchas pruebas comercializadas que detectan AH&#58; variantes del test Paul-Bunnell&#44; t&#233;cnicas de aglutinaci&#243;n de part&#237;culas de l&#225;tex e IC&#46; La sensibilidad oscila entre el 80 y el 95&#37;&#44; dependiendo de los grupos de edad en que se realiza la prueba&#44; y la especificidad es cercana al 100&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#46; Los falsos positivos de AH son raros&#44; pudiendo encontrarse en enfermedades autoinmunes&#44; en pacientes con leucemia y en casos de infecci&#243;n por CMV&#44; rub&#233;ola o VIH&#44; entre otros&#46; La determinaci&#243;n de AH suele realizarse de forma manual&#44; pero hay sistemas automatizados de detecci&#243;n m&#250;ltiple que detectan conjuntamente AH e IgM frente al ant&#237;geno de la c&#225;pside del VEB &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">viral capsid antigen</span> &#91;VCA&#93;&#41; con buena concordancia respecto a las t&#233;cnicas tradicionales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En los pacientes con AH negativos es imprescindible investigar la respuesta espec&#237;fica&#44; principalmente la IgM frente al VCA&#44; que es la primera en aparecer y permanece detectable menos de 6<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>meses&#44; frente a la respuesta IgG anti-VCA&#44; que perdura toda la vida&#44; y los anticuerpos contra el ant&#237;geno nuclear del VEB &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epstein Barr nuclear antigen</span> &#91;EBNA&#93;&#41; no detectables en la fase aguda&#46; No obstante&#44; en un 10&#37; de los ni&#241;os con infecci&#243;n primaria aguda la IgM anti-VCA es indetectable&#44; por lo que se confirma la infecci&#243;n por la presencia de IgG anti-VCA en ausencia de reactividad anti-EBNA&#46; Ante una sospecha de MI con AH negativos&#44; la realizaci&#243;n de los 3 marcadores espec&#237;ficos permitir&#225; realizar el diagn&#243;stico en m&#225;s del 90&#37; de los casos&#46; Deben considerarse las reactividades cruzadas con CMV&#44; VHH-6&#44; parvovirus B19 y virus de la rub&#233;ola&#44; entre otros&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En la mayor parte de los laboratorios de microbiolog&#237;a las t&#233;cnicas de ELISA&#44; de IQL y de fluorescencia ligada a enzima han sustituido a la IF&#44; utilizada cl&#225;sicamente como t&#233;cnica de referencia&#46; Muestran buenos valores de sensibilidad y especificidad&#44; tanto para el an&#225;lisis de marcadores individuales como para establecer perfiles de anticuerpos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hay pruebas r&#225;pidas de inmunofiltraci&#243;n que permiten detectar IgM frente a la prote&#237;na ZEBRA <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;BamHI Z EBV replication activator&#41;</span> del VEB junto con la IgM anti-VCA&#46; Los resultados se obtienen en menos de 3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min y su sensibilidad oscila entre el 75 y el 90&#37;&#44; con una especificidad del 95-100&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0380"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; El mismo formato est&#225; disponible para la detecci&#243;n conjunta de los anticuerpos IgG anti-VCA y anti-EBNA-1&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">S&#237;filis</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico de la s&#237;filis se realiza utilizando la combinaci&#243;n de una prueba no trepon&#233;mica &#40;PnT&#41;&#44; principalmente <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Rapid Plasma Reagin</span> &#40;RPR&#41; o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Venereal Disease Research Laboratory</span> &#40;VDRL&#41;&#44; y una trepon&#233;mica &#40;PT&#41;&#44; generalmente realizada por t&#233;cnicas de ELISA o IQL&#46; Las PnT determinan la actividad de la infecci&#243;n y tradicionalmente se han utilizado como pruebas de cribado&#46; Las PT son m&#225;s espec&#237;ficas&#44; detectan infecci&#243;n pasada&#44; latente o presente&#44; sin diferenciarlas&#44; ya que permanecen positivas despu&#233;s del tratamiento&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os se ha introducido el denominado cribado inverso&#44; que supone comenzar el estudio con una PT&#46; Esta opci&#243;n permite detectar casos de s&#237;filis latente en poblaciones con baja prevalencia de la infecci&#243;n que no ser&#237;an diagnosticados utilizando el cribado tradicional&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mayor parte de los ensayos PoC utilizados para el cribado de la s&#237;filis detectan solo anticuerpos frente a los ant&#237;genos trepon&#233;micos &#40;AT&#41;&#46; Son ensayos de IC que utilizan la tecnolog&#237;a de flujo lateral y uno o m&#225;s AT recombinantes &#40;TpN15&#44; TPN17&#44; TpN47&#41;&#46; Pueden detectar IgM&#44; IgG e IgA&#46; Se realizan en suero y plasma&#44; y algunas tambi&#233;n utilizan sangre completa y fluidos orales&#46; Seg&#250;n estudios realizados en diferentes &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas&#44; presentan buena sensibilidad y especificidad&#44; aunque la sensibilidad es mayor en suero<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#44;15</span></a>&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> se muestran los datos de sensibilidad y especificidad recogidos de un metaan&#225;lisis reciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0395"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Nuevos ensayos pretenden mejorar el diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#46; Unos detectan conjuntamente anticuerpos frente a AT y ant&#237;genos no trepon&#233;micos &#40;AnT&#41; y otros detectan varias infecciones en el mismo dispositivo&#44; generalmente VIH y virus de la hepatitis C &#40;VHC&#41;&#46; Los primeros buscan diferenciar la infecci&#243;n activa de la pasada&#44; para evitar tratamientos innecesarios&#46; La prueba <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dual Path Platform</span> &#40;DPP&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Syphilis Screen &#38; Confirm test</span> &#40;Chembio Diagnostic Systems Inc&#44; Medford&#44; Nueva York&#41; es el &#250;nico ensayo comercial que permite detectar ambos tipos de anticuerpos simult&#225;neamente empleando AT recombinantes &#40;l&#237;nea<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T1&#41; y AnT sint&#233;ticos &#40;l&#237;nea<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>T2&#41;&#46; Ha sido evaluada por los Centros de Control y Prevenci&#243;n de Enfermedades de Estados Unidos&#44; utilizando como t&#233;cnicas de referencia <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Treponema pallidum particle agglutination</span> &#40;TPPA&#41; y RPR&#44; respectivamente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#46; La reactividad frente a AnT present&#243; una concordancia del 98&#44;4&#37; en muestras con t&#237;tulo RPR<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#58;2&#44; y del 98&#44;6&#37; cuando no hab&#237;a reactividad&#46; Respecto a los anti-AT &#40;T1&#41;&#44; las concordancias fueron del 96&#44;5&#37; cuando hab&#237;a reactividad y del 95&#44;5&#37; en muestras negativas&#46; Se ha intentado mejorar la sensibilidad de este ensayo mediante un lector electr&#243;nico que mide la densidad de las l&#237;neas de lectura&#44; pudiendo ser la base de un nuevo ensayo cuantitativo&#46;</p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Estudios de coste efectividad demuestran la utilidad de DPP para el cribado de la s&#237;filis en mujeres embarazadas en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo y en poblaciones de alto riesgo&#44; recomendando su uso en centros de atenci&#243;n primaria y en zonas con recursos limitados en donde la infecci&#243;n sea prevalente y las posibilidades de diagn&#243;stico y seguimiento de los pacientes&#44; escasas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Evaluado cl&#237;nicamente&#44; el ensayo DPP&#44; identifica correctamente el 93&#37; de las infecciones activas&#44; el 28&#37; de las infecciones pasadas y en el 78&#37; de los casos descarta la infecci&#243;n&#46; La sensibilidad de la l&#237;nea T2 parece estar relacionada con los t&#237;tulos de RPR&#46; La concordancia global entre el DPP y los ensayos serol&#243;gicos de referencia es mayor en los casos de infecci&#243;n activa y cuando el t&#237;tulo de RPR es &#8805;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1&#58;16&#44; disminuyendo en los casos de infecci&#243;n pasada y con t&#237;tulo bajo de anticuerpos&#46; Asimismo&#44; es v&#225;lida para diagnosticar otras treponematosis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;20</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto a los ensayos m&#250;ltiples&#44; los m&#225;s utilizados son los que detectan conjuntamente s&#237;filis e infecci&#243;n por el VIH&#44; debido a la relaci&#243;n sin&#233;rgica entre los dos pat&#243;genos&#46; La sensibilidad y la especificidad son buenas para ambos microorganismos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;22</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana</span><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La infecci&#243;n por el VIH afecta a m&#225;s de 40 millones de personas en el mundo&#44; de los cuales el 85&#37; viven en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo&#44; especialmente en el &#193;frica subsahariana&#46; En Europa y Estados Unidos se estima que entre el 15 y el 30&#37; de las personas infectadas por el virus desconocen su situaci&#243;n&#46; El control de la infecci&#243;n por el VIH tiene dos grandes retos&#58; reducir la transmisi&#243;n&#44; producida principalmente en las primeras semanas de la infecci&#243;n&#44; cuando la carga viral plasm&#225;tica es mayor&#44; y disminuir el tiempo transcurrido entre la obtenci&#243;n del resultado y su notificaci&#243;n al m&#233;dico y al paciente&#46;</p><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico de la infecci&#243;n por el VIH se realiza generalmente por la detecci&#243;n de anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos&#46; Los ensayos serol&#243;gicos pueden ser de cribado y de confirmaci&#243;n&#46; Con objeto de mejorar el diagn&#243;stico de las infecciones agudas se han dise&#241;ado ensayos de cribado que detectan conjuntamente la presencia de anticuerpos VIH-1&#44; VIH-2 y el ant&#237;geno p24 del VIH-1 &#40;cuarta generaci&#243;n&#41;&#46; Estos formatos acortan el per&#237;odo ventana e intentan identificar la infecci&#243;n antes de que el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Western Blot</span> sea positivo&#46; Se realizan por t&#233;cnicas de ELISA o IQL automatizadas y poseen alta sensibilidad &#40;99&#44;9-100&#37;&#41;&#44; con especificidad superior al 99&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Recientemente se ha comercializado un ensayo de detecci&#243;n m&#250;ltiple que detecta y diferencia simult&#225;neamente el ant&#237;geno p24 de VIH-1 y los anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos frente al VIH-1 &#40;grupos<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>M y O&#41; y VIH-2 en muestras de suero o plasma&#44; con sensibilidad del 100&#37; y especificidad del 99&#44;5&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las t&#233;cnicas de confirmaci&#243;n a realizar si la prueba de cribado es positiva depender&#225;n del algoritmo elegido&#58; tradicional o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26&#44;27</span></a>&#46; Actualmente est&#225; disponible un sistema de confirmaci&#243;n y diferenciaci&#243;n r&#225;pida e individualizada de anticuerpos anti-VIH-1 y anti-VIH-2&#46; Es una prueba de IC que incluye ant&#237;genos recombinantes o p&#233;ptidos sint&#233;ticos espec&#237;ficos para el VIH-1 &#40;gp160&#44; gp41&#44; p31&#44; p24&#41; y para el VIH-2 &#40;gp140&#44; gp36&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0455"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Su lectura e interpretaci&#243;n puede ser visual&#44; pero est&#225; automatizada y permite una lectura objetiva&#46; Se obtienen resultados en menos de 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; Tiene un buen nivel de discriminaci&#243;n entre el VIH-1 y el VIH-2&#44; reduce el n&#250;mero de indeterminados y en general discrimina mejor que el LIA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La administraci&#243;n de la profilaxis antirretroviral posterior a una exposici&#243;n ocupacional a sangre o fluidos&#44; la necesidad de proporcionar resultados en situaciones de urgencia o durante el parto&#44; as&#237; como en entornos no cl&#237;nicos&#44; han motivado la aparici&#243;n de ensayos PoC&#46; La Organizaci&#243;n Mundial de la Salud recomienda el uso de ensayos PoC en entornos de recursos limitados&#46; Estudios realizados en el &#193;frica subsahariana han demostrado que comenzar el tratamiento en la primera visita&#44; el mismo d&#237;a que se realiza el diagn&#243;stico&#44; aumenta en un 36&#37; la aceptaci&#243;n de la terapia antirretroviral y en un 26&#37; la supresi&#243;n viral<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0465"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#46; La sensibilidad y la especificidad de estas pruebas son buenas&#44; pero inferiores a los inmunoan&#225;lisis utilizados actualmente en el diagn&#243;stico convencional&#44; aunque emplean ant&#237;genos similares&#46; Su sensibilidad es menor en las infecciones agudas&#44; pudiendo dar resultados negativos falsos debido a que todav&#237;a no se han desarrollado anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos&#46; Un metaan&#225;lisis reciente refiere que los ensayos PoC realizados en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo tienen una sensibilidad del 97&#44;4&#37; comparada con las t&#233;cnicas de amplificaci&#243;n de &#225;cidos nucleicos y del 98&#44;8&#37; si la referencia era un inmunoan&#225;lisis de cuarta generaci&#243;n&#44; siendo la especificidad superior al 99&#44;6&#37; en ambos casos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0470"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las pruebas PoC se pueden realizar en fluido oral&#44; sangre capilar recogida mediante punci&#243;n digital&#44; y en suero o plasma&#46; La sensibilidad en saliva es aproximadamente un 2&#37; m&#225;s baja que en sangre&#44; aunque la especificidad es similar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0475"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&#46; En los &#250;ltimos a&#241;os se han comercializado ensayos PoC de cuarta generaci&#243;n&#46; Se estima que son menos sensibles que la prueba combinada est&#225;ndar&#46; Son v&#225;lidos para detectar la infecci&#243;n establecida&#44; tanto por el VIH-1 como por el VIH-2<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0480"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a>&#44; pero su sensibilidad es baja en las infecciones agudas&#44; ya que al analizar sus componentes separadamente&#44; la sensibilidad para detectar el ant&#237;geno p24 VIH-1 es del 12&#44;3&#37;&#44; mientras que la sensibilidad global para la detecci&#243;n de anticuerpos es del 97&#44;3&#37;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0485"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Un resultado positivo en una prueba PoC debe confirmarse&#46; En los pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo&#44; cada estrategia implantada debe buscar su propio control de calidad con los recursos a su alcance&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Hepatitis</span><p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">De los virus con tropismo primario por el tejido hep&#225;tico&#44; solo se har&#225; referencia al virus de la hepatitis B &#40;VHB&#41;&#44; al VHC y al virus de la hepatitis E &#40;VHE&#41; debido a las implicaciones cl&#237;nicas derivadas de realizar un diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#46; En nuestro medio existen muchos sistemas comerciales para el diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico de las hepatitis virales en muestras de plasma o suero&#46; Utilizan diferentes m&#233;todos y plataformas y su sensibilidad y especificidad son muy buenas&#46; Asimismo&#44; existen pruebas r&#225;pidas&#44; la mayor&#237;a de ellas basadas en ensayos de inmunoadherencia por IC o inmunofiltraci&#243;n con obtenci&#243;n de resultados en pocos minutos&#46; Estas &#250;ltimas tienen una especificidad buena&#44; pero su sensibilidad es variable y siempre inferior a la obtenida con ensayos fluorescentes&#44; de ELISA o de IQL<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0490"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#46; Las pruebas PoC&#44; en nuestro entorno&#44; generalmente se utilizan como &#171;pruebas de urgencia&#187;&#59; sin embargo&#44; pueden ser de gran utilidad en los pa&#237;ses no industrializados&#46;</p><p id="par0195" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Virus de la hepatitis B&#46;</span> El ant&#237;geno de superficie del VHB &#40;HBsAg&#41; es un marcador muy precoz&#46; Puede ser detectable ya en el per&#237;odo de incubaci&#243;n&#44; y principalmente en las fases aguda y cr&#243;nica de la infecci&#243;n&#44; siendo la diana de elecci&#243;n de las t&#233;cnicas r&#225;pidas&#46; La cuantificaci&#243;n del HBsAg puede ser &#250;til para identificar a los verdaderos portadores inactivos de la infecci&#243;n&#44; para la monitorizaci&#243;n de la progresi&#243;n de la enfermedad y en la predicci&#243;n de la respuesta al tratamiento con interfer&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0200" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La calidad de un ensayo dise&#241;ado para determinar el HBsAg se basa&#44; entre otros factores&#44; en la capacidad de detectar&#44; al menos&#44; 0&#44;25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml de esta prote&#237;na&#46; Los inmunoan&#225;lisis comerciales de IQL o ELISA pueden alcanzar un l&#237;mite de detecci&#243;n &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;ml &#40;equivalente a &#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#44; mientras que en la mayor parte de las pruebas r&#225;pidas el l&#237;mite bajo de detecci&#243;n oscila entre 0&#44;5-2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UI&#47;ml &#40;1-3<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ng&#47;ml&#41;&#46; Asimismo&#44; var&#237;an en su capacidad para detectar las nuevas cepas mutantes del virus&#59; por todo ello&#44; es importante conocer las caracter&#237;sticas anal&#237;ticas de la prueba r&#225;pida a elegir<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0495"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36&#44;37</span></a>&#46; Generalmente se realizan en muestras de sangre total&#44; suero o plasma&#46; En un metaan&#225;lisis reciente&#44; la sensibilidad obtenida de las diferentes PoC comercializadas es muy variable &#40;43&#44;5-99&#44;8&#37;&#41;&#46; Los estudios realizados en los pa&#237;ses desarrollados muestran mayor homogeneidad que los realizados en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo&#46; Respecto a la especificidad&#44; los valores son m&#225;s homog&#233;neos &#40;90-100&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0505"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0205" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Virus de la hepatitis C&#46;</span> Los ensayos PoC son m&#233;todos de IC que generalmente utilizan ant&#237;genos recombinantes de la regi&#243;n del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">core</span> y de las regiones no estructurales NS3 y NS4&#44; aunque algunos de ellos incorporan tambi&#233;n NS5&#46; Los ensayos pueden realizarse en sangre&#44; suero&#44; plasma y saliva&#46; Su sensibilidad var&#237;a seg&#250;n la prueba utilizada y el tipo de muestra&#44; siendo m&#225;s baja en saliva&#44; aunque no parece depender del genotipo infectante&#46; Seg&#250;n un metaan&#225;lisis reciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0510"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a> y otros estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0515"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40-42</span></a>&#44; la prueba OraQuick &#40;OraSure Technologies&#44; EE&#46;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>UU&#46;&#41; es la que presenta mayor sensibilidad y especificidad y ha sido aprobada por la <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Food and Drug Administration</span> de Estados Unidos como prueba r&#225;pida para el cribado de anticuerpos anti-VHC en muestras de sangre obtenida por venopunci&#243;n o punci&#243;n digital en personas mayores de 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>a&#241;os&#46; Tambi&#233;n hay disponibles ensayos de detecci&#243;n m&#250;ltiple que detectan y diferencian conjuntamente anticuerpos frente al VHC y otros pat&#243;genos como el VIH&#44; VHB o <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pallidum</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#41;&#46; Su sensibilidad y especificidad son similares o ligeramente inferiores a las obtenidas en los ensayos que detectan solamente anti-VHC&#44; aunque la especificidad es alta&#46; Pueden ser de inter&#233;s en programas de cribado de infecciones de transmisi&#243;n sexual&#44; aunque debe tenerse en cuenta que se han comunicado falsos negativos en personas infectadas por el VIH&#44; por lo que son menos &#250;tiles en &#225;reas donde la prevalencia de esta infecci&#243;n es alta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0530"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0210" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Virus de la hepatitis E&#46;</span> El isotipo IgM espec&#237;fico es el marcador de infecci&#243;n aguda y confirma la infecci&#243;n&#46; Los ensayos comerciales para el diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico del VHE permiten detectar las infecciones producidas por los 4 genotipos&#58; genotipos<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>1-2 en pa&#237;ses en v&#237;as de desarrollo y<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>3-4 en pa&#237;ses industrializados&#44; aunque su eficiencia puede variar seg&#250;n el genotipo infectante&#46; Son ensayos de ELISA y de IC basados en p&#233;ptidos de la regi&#243;n ORF2&#47;ORF3 o ant&#237;genos recombinantes del VHE&#46;</p><p id="par0215" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las pruebas de ELISA que detectan IgM presentan una sensibilidad variable incluso utilizando la misma t&#233;cnica&#44; y dependiendo del grupo de poblaci&#243;n estudiada&#44; ya que en pacientes con alg&#250;n tipo de inmunodepresi&#243;n la sensibilidad es menor&#46; La especificidad oscila entre el 84 y el 100&#37; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44-47</span></a>&#46; Recientemente se ha descrito un ensayo de ELISA dise&#241;ado para detectar el ant&#237;geno de la c&#225;pside del VHE&#46; Presenta buena concordancia con la detecci&#243;n del ARN-VHE&#44; por lo que puede ser de utilidad para detectar la infecci&#243;n aguda tanto en pacientes inmunocompetentes como en inmunodeprimidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0555"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">48</span></a>&#46; Los ensayos PoC han sido desarrollados para detectar anticuerpos IgM anti-VHE en muestras de sangre total&#44; suero o plasma&#46; Han mostrado su validez en &#225;reas end&#233;micas y no end&#233;micas&#44; aunque su sensibilidad tambi&#233;n es menor en pacientes inmunodeprimidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0545"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;49</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Infecciones por arbovirus emergentes</span><p id="par0220" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Entre los arbovirus transmitidos por mosquitos&#44; el virus dengue &#40;VDEN&#41; y el virus Zika &#40;VZIK&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Flaviviridae&#41;</span>&#44; junto con el virus Chikungunya &#40;VCHIK&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#40;Togaviridae&#41;</span>&#44; son los que plantean problemas en nuestro medio&#44; por varias razones&#58; comparten como vector especies del g&#233;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Aedes</span>&#44; del cual est&#225; presente en Espa&#241;a &#40;regi&#243;n mediterr&#225;nea&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">A&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">albopictus</span>&#44; producen cuadros cl&#237;nicos similares &#40;s&#237;ndrome febril&#44; exantema y dolores articulares&#41; y son end&#233;micos en las mismas &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas&#44; por lo que su diagn&#243;stico supone un reto para los laboratorios cl&#237;nicos&#46;</p><p id="par0225" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A partir de los 7 primeros d&#237;as del inicio de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; la serolog&#237;a es el m&#233;todo de elecci&#243;n para realizar el diagn&#243;stico microbiol&#243;gico&#46; En el diagn&#243;stico de la fase aguda de la infecci&#243;n por m&#233;todos serol&#243;gicos hay que tener en consideraci&#243;n las reacciones cruzadas existentes entre VDEN&#44; VZIK y otros flavivirus&#44; como el virus de la fiebre amarilla&#46; Para la identificaci&#243;n inequ&#237;voca de la respuesta serol&#243;gica se requiere efectuar t&#233;cnica de neutralizaci&#243;n&#46;</p><p id="par0230" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Virus dengue&#46;</span> El dengue es la enfermedad viral transmitida por mosquitos m&#225;s frecuente en el mundo&#46; Existen 4 serotipos diferentes&#58; VDEN1 a 4&#46; La inmunidad resultante de la infecci&#243;n es serotipo-espec&#237;fica y no protege al individuo frente a otros serotipos&#46; La sensibilidad de las pruebas para realizar el diagn&#243;stico microbiol&#243;gico del dengue depende del tiempo de evoluci&#243;n&#44; del tipo de infecci&#243;n &#40;primaria o secundaria&#41; y del virus infectante&#46; Durante la fase vir&#233;mica la detecci&#243;n del ARN viral o de la prote&#237;na no estructural NS1 son los principales m&#233;todos para el diagn&#243;stico de la enfermedad&#46; El ant&#237;geno NS1 es una glucoprote&#237;na altamente conservada en todos los serotipos del VDEN y detectable en suero en la fase temprana de la enfermedad&#59; su detecci&#243;n es eficaz en los primeros 2-4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>d&#237;as despu&#233;s del comienzo de los s&#237;ntomas y orienta el diagn&#243;stico de infecci&#243;n aguda&#44; por su buena especificidad&#46; Existen diferentes m&#233;todos comerciales de ELISA y de IC que detectan el ant&#237;geno NS1 en suero o plasma &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a>&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a>&#46; En la infecci&#243;n primaria por VDEN el isotipo IgM puede ser detectable a partir del tercer d&#237;a del comienzo de la fiebre cuando la viremia inicia su descenso&#46; Sin embargo&#44; en la infecci&#243;n secundaria se produce una r&#225;pida elevaci&#243;n de IgG tras la aparici&#243;n de los s&#237;ntomas&#44; produci&#233;ndose una respuesta baja o indetectable de IgM&#46; El establecimiento de la ratio IgM&#58;IgG por ELISA permite clasificar la infecci&#243;n como primaria o secundaria<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0570"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0235" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La sensibilidad de las pruebas de ELISA para la detecci&#243;n de IgM es mayor que la de los ensayos de IC que detectan el mismo anticuerpo&#46; Se recomiendan los ensayos de captura por mejorar la sensibilidad&#44; especialmente en el dengue secundario&#46; Las pruebas de IC no son eficaces&#44; debido a su baja sensibilidad &#40;6&#44;4-65&#44;3&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0575"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a>&#46; En todos los casos&#44; la sensibilidad aumenta con los d&#237;as transcurridos despu&#233;s de aparecer los s&#237;ntomas&#46; Con objeto de mejorar el diagn&#243;stico de las infecciones por VDEN se han dise&#241;ado pruebas r&#225;pidas que utilizan anticuerpos monoclonales que detectan conjuntamente los anticuerpos IgM e IgG y algunas incorporan el ant&#237;geno NS1&#46; La sensibilidad y especificidad globales&#44; en muestras obtenidas entre los 4-14 primeros d&#237;as despu&#233;s de aparecer los s&#237;ntomas&#44; son m&#225;s elevadas y mejoran su utilidad diagn&#243;stica&#44; principalmente en &#225;reas con dif&#237;cil acceso a las pruebas de referencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0580"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53&#44;54</span></a>&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">tabla 5</a> se muestran la sensibilidad y la especificidad de estos ensayos&#46;</p><p id="par0240" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En otras muestras cl&#237;nicas&#44; saliva u orina&#44; los m&#233;todos aplicados muestran buena especificidad&#44; pero carecen de la sensibilidad necesaria para ser una buena alternativa diagn&#243;stica&#46;</p><p id="par0245" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Virus Chikungunya&#46;</span> Las pruebas r&#225;pidas disponibles de IC detectan el isotipo IgM en muestras de suero o plasma&#46; Los trabajos realizados con estas pruebas en zonas de alta prevalencia de la infecci&#243;n refieren una sensibilidad muy inferior &#40;1&#44;9-50&#37;&#41; respecto a los ensayos de referencia con los que se comparan&#44; especialmente en la fase aguda de la enfermedad&#44; y para ser aplicadas tanto en zonas end&#233;micas como no end&#233;micas deben ser mejoradas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0590"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a>&#46; Los estudios realizados con anticuerpos monoclonales frente a la glucoprote&#237;na<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>E de la envuelta del VCHIK ofrecen resultados prometedores y pueden sustituir en un futuro pr&#243;ximo a los ant&#237;genos recombinantes utilizados en la actualidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0595"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0250" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Virus Zika&#46;</span> Existen ensayos de IF que permiten la detecci&#243;n simult&#225;nea de anticuerpos frente a VZIK&#44; VDEN y VCHIK y que sirven para poner de manifiesto las reacciones cruzadas para VZIK y VDEN&#46; Un ensayo de ELISA que emplea la prote&#237;na NS1 mejora la especificidad&#46; Existe comercializado un ensayo de IC con marcado CE dise&#241;ado para la detecci&#243;n cualitativa y simult&#225;nea de anticuerpos IgM e IgG de VZIK&#59; las caracter&#237;sticas de funcionamiento del ensayo deben ser establecidas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0600"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">57</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Enfermedad de Chagas &#40;tripanosomiasis americana&#41;</span><p id="par0255" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La enfermedad de Chagas afecta a m&#225;s de 10 millones de personas en Am&#233;rica Latina&#44; y debido a los movimientos migratorios est&#225; presente en zonas no end&#233;micas como Europa&#44; Am&#233;rica del Norte&#44; Asia y Australia&#46; En nuestro medio generalmente nos enfrentamos al diagn&#243;stico de la fase cr&#243;nica de la enfermedad&#46; En esta situaci&#243;n&#44; el diagn&#243;stico se realiza por m&#233;todos serol&#243;gicos mediante la detecci&#243;n de los anticuerpos espec&#237;ficos IgG anti-<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trypanosoma cruzi</span>&#46; El diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico de certeza contin&#250;a defini&#233;ndose como la concordancia de al menos dos t&#233;cnicas de principio y ant&#237;genos diferentes&#46; En caso de discrepancia se debe realizar otra prueba para confirmar y descartar otras infecciones que pueden dar lugar a reacciones falsamente positivas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0260" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los m&#233;todos convencionales emplean como ant&#237;geno el par&#225;sito completo&#46; Son muy sensibles&#44; pero presentan reacciones cruzadas con otras infecciones &#40;malaria&#44; leishmaniasis&#44; s&#237;filis&#44; toxoplasmosis&#44; hepatitis&#44; MI&#44; esquistosomiasis&#41;&#44; y tambi&#233;n en enfermedades autoinmunes&#46; Para aumentar la especificidad se han dise&#241;ado nuevos m&#233;todos serol&#243;gicos que utilizan ant&#237;genos recombinantes o p&#233;ptidos sint&#233;ticos y son los empleados en los ensayos PoC&#46; Su sensibilidad y especificidad son variables&#44; como lo demuestra un estudio multic&#233;ntrico&#44; realizado con muestras bien caracterizadas frente a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cruzi</span>&#44; en laboratorios de referencia de &#225;reas end&#233;micas y no end&#233;micas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46; El estudio concluye que la mayor parte de las pruebas evaluadas son v&#225;lidas para realizar el diagn&#243;stico de esta infecci&#243;n&#44; aunque observa que las sensibilidades y especificidades obtenidas son algo m&#225;s bajas que las publicadas en otros estudios o las que refieren los fabricantes&#46; En la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0030">tabla 6</a> se reflejan las caracter&#237;sticas de los ensayos estudiados<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0030"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Mycoplasma pneumoniae</span><p id="par0265" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las t&#233;cnicas moleculares y la serolog&#237;a son los m&#233;todos m&#225;s utilizados para realizar el diagn&#243;stico etiol&#243;gico de las infecciones del tracto respiratorio inferior producidas por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mycoplasma pneumoniae</span>&#46; En la actualidad la serolog&#237;a contin&#250;a siendo un m&#233;todo muy utilizado para realizar el diagn&#243;stico etiol&#243;gico y el &#250;nico con fines epidemiol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="par0270" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las t&#233;cnicas de ELISA son las m&#225;s empleadas en la mayor parte de los laboratorios de microbiolog&#237;a por su sensibilidad&#44; su capacidad de discriminar las respuestas IgM e IgG y su posibilidad de automatizaci&#243;n&#46; Los m&#233;todos de IQL se han incorporado al diagn&#243;stico con formatos que permiten la realizaci&#243;n del ensayo de forma unitaria&#46; Con las t&#233;cnicas de ELISA la mejor sensibilidad diagn&#243;stica se obtiene con el estudio en paralelo de las muestras obtenidas en fase aguda y convaleciente&#46; En pacientes pedi&#225;tricos la detecci&#243;n de la IgM espec&#237;fica en una muestra obtenida en la semana siguiente del comienzo de los s&#237;ntomas es eficaz para el diagn&#243;stico de la infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">M&#46;</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">pneumoniae</span>&#59; en adultos la aparici&#243;n de IgM es d&#233;bil y ef&#237;mera&#46; En ni&#241;os&#44; la sensibilidad de estos ensayos es variable&#44; oscilando entre el 77 y el 92&#37;&#44; aunque puede ser menor seg&#250;n la presentaci&#243;n comercial elegida<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0615"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60&#44;61</span></a>&#46; La sensibilidad obtenida con los ensayos de IgM puede variar en funci&#243;n de la t&#233;cnica de referencia con que se compare&#44; siendo m&#225;s baja con las t&#233;cnicas moleculares que con la fijaci&#243;n de complemento&#46; La especificidad de estos ensayos es superior al 95&#37;&#46; Existen formatos en soporte de membrana que permiten detectar IgM de forma cualitativa&#44; son de presentaci&#243;n unitaria y permiten un diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido&#44; con buena sensibilidad &#40;90&#37;&#41; y especificidad &#40;93-96&#37;&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0625"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62&#44;63</span></a>&#46; Son &#250;tiles como pruebas de urgencia y aplicables en laboratorios con pocas muestras&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">La calidad y el diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico r&#225;pido</span><p id="par0275" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La aplicaci&#243;n de la norma UNE-EN-ISO 15189&#58;2013&#44; que establece los requisitos relativos a la competencia y calidad de los laboratorios cl&#237;nicos&#44; garantiza que los ensayos se realicen con dichos criterios&#46; Lo primero a considerar son las caracter&#237;sticas &#40;sensibilidad y especificidad&#41; del ensayo para lograr el objetivo para el que se aplican&#46; En los equipos de los ensayos con marcado CE el fabricante proporciona la evaluaci&#243;n pertinente&#44; aunque cada laboratorio usuario deber&#237;a establecer las condiciones de funcionamiento propias y verificar que en su aplicaci&#243;n se cumplen las caracter&#237;sticas validadas&#46; Para la acreditaci&#243;n se deben considerar aspectos preanal&#237;ticos&#44; anal&#237;ticos y postanal&#237;ticos de las determinaciones&#46; En los ensayos PoC&#44; dado su car&#225;cter manual&#44; la principal fuente de error radica en la identificaci&#243;n de la muestra y&#47;o en la emisi&#243;n de resultados&#59; este problema se minimiza en los ensayos automatizados &#40;siempre que incluyan un sistema autom&#225;tico de identificaci&#243;n de muestras&#41;&#46; Uno de los aspectos cr&#237;ticos para la acreditaci&#243;n de los ensayos es la participaci&#243;n en intercomparaciones&#59; para algunos de los marcadores serol&#243;gicos realizados en los laboratorios de diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico no existen ensayos de intercomparaci&#243;n emitidos con la frecuencia adecuada y que cuenten con la participaci&#243;n de un n&#250;mero suficiente de laboratorios&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0280" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        5 => array:2 [
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          "titulo" => "T&#233;cnicas serol&#243;gicas"
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        6 => array:2 [
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          "titulo" => "Diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido en serolog&#237;a&#46; Detecci&#243;n de IgM"
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          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Limitaciones de la detecci&#243;n de IgM"
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          "titulo" => "T&#233;cnicas r&#225;pidas en serolog&#237;a"
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                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0040"
                  "titulo" => "Mononucleosis infecciosa"
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                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0045"
                  "titulo" => "S&#237;filis"
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                2 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0050"
                  "titulo" => "Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana"
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                3 => array:2 [
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                  "titulo" => "Hepatitis"
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                4 => array:2 [
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                  "titulo" => "Infecciones por arbovirus emergentes"
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                5 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0065"
                  "titulo" => "Enfermedad de Chagas &#40;tripanosomiasis americana&#41;"
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              "identificador" => "sec0070"
              "titulo" => "Mycoplasma pneumoniae"
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        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0075"
          "titulo" => "La calidad y el diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico r&#225;pido"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0080"
          "titulo" => "Conflicto de intereses"
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          "titulo" => "Bibliograf&#237;a"
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            1 => "Ensayos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">point-of care</span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El diagn&#243;stico serol&#243;gico de las infecciones en fase aguda implica la detecci&#243;n de la respuesta IgM espec&#237;fica&#44; marcador eficaz de infecci&#243;n primaria&#44; aunque con menos validez en las reactivaciones o reinfecciones&#46; El objetivo de este art&#237;culo es proporcionar una visi&#243;n actualizada del diagn&#243;stico r&#225;pido en serolog&#237;a mediante la detecci&#243;n del isotipo IgM y revisar sus aplicaciones y limitaciones&#46; Se analizan especialmente ensayos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Point-of-Care</span> &#40;PoC&#41; utilizados en &#225;reas geogr&#225;ficas donde las pruebas tradicionales son inaccesibles&#44; y en otras circunstancias donde su empleo acerca el diagn&#243;stico a la poblaci&#243;n diana&#44; debido a que pueden efectuarse en centros no sanitarios&#46; Asimismo&#44; su empleo disminuye el tiempo transcurrido entre la toma de muestra y el diagn&#243;stico&#44; facilitando al cl&#237;nico la toma de decisiones&#46; Los ensayos PoC han probado su coste-efectividad&#44; especialmente en la prevenci&#243;n de la transmisi&#243;n vertical de la s&#237;filis y en la infecci&#243;n por el VIH&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Serological diagnosis of acute phase infections implies the detection of IgM specific response&#44; an effective marker of primary infection&#44; but with less clinical significance in reactivations or reinfections&#46; The aim of this article is to provide an updated view of the rapid diagnosis in serology by detecting the IgM isotype and reviewing its applications and limitations&#46; Point-of-care &#40;PoC&#41; tests are analyzed&#46; PoC tests are used in geographical areas where traditional tests are not available&#44; as well as in other circumstances where their use brings the diagnosis directly to the target population&#46; Likewise&#44; their use reduces the response time between taking the sample and the diagnosis&#44; making it easier to make clinical decisions&#46; PoC assays have proven cost-effective&#44; especially in preventing vertical transmission of syphilis and HIV infection&#46;</p></span>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CMIA&#58; inmunoan&#225;lisis quimioluminiscente en micropart&#237;culas&#59; ECLIA&#58; electroinmunoquimioluminiscencia&#59; ELFA&#58; ensayo fluorescente ligado a enzima&#58; ELISA&#58; inmunoan&#225;lisis enzim&#225;tico&#59; IB&#58; inmunoblot&#59; IQL&#58; inmunoquimioluminiscencia&#46;</p><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0005" href="https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/analisisderesultados/2015/ccs-ar-t2015-3-Serologia3b.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seimc&#46;org&#47;contenidos&#47;ccs&#47;analisisderesultados&#47;2015&#47;ccs-ar-t2015-3-Serologia3b&#46;pdf</span></p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0010" href="https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/analisisderesultados/2015/ccs-ar-t2015-3-Serologia3a.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seimc&#46;org&#47;contenidos&#47;ccs&#47;analisisderesultados&#47;2015&#47;ccs-ar-t2015-3-Serologia3a&#46;pdf</span></p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0015" href="https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/analisisderesultados/2015/ccs-ar-t2015-2-Serologia.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seimc&#46;org&#47;contenidos&#47;ccs&#47;analisisderesultados&#47;2015&#47;ccs-ar-t2015-2-Serologia&#46;pdf</span></p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0020" href="https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/analisisderesultados/2015/ccs-ar-t2015-1-Serologia1b.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seimc&#46;org&#47;contenidos&#47;ccs&#47;analisisderesultados&#47;2015&#47;ccs-ar-t2015-1-Serologia1b&#46;pdf</span></p><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleInterRef" id="intr0025" href="https://www.seimc.org/contenidos/ccs/analisisderesultados/2014/ccs-ar-t2014-3-SerologiaA.pdf">https&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;seimc&#46;org&#47;contenidos&#47;ccs&#47;analisisderesultados&#47;2014&#47;ccs-ar-t2014-3-SerologiaA&#46;pdf</span></p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">M&#233;todo</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rub&#233;ola</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; gondii</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Acs VHI1&#43;2</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ac <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; pallidum</span></th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VHA</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="5" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VHB</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Acs VHC</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CMV</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VEB</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">VHS</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ac <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">T&#46; cruzii</span></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HBs Ag&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ac HBs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HBe Ag&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ac HBe&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">IgG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ADVIA &#40;Siemens&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Access &#40;Beckman Coulter&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vitros &#40;Ortho&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IQL</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Immulite &#40;Siemens&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Liaison &#40;Diasorin&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vircell&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Bioplex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ECLIA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cobas&#47;Elecsys &#40;Roche&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ELFA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vidas &#40;Biom&#233;rieux&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Enzygnost &#40;Siemens&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diapro&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biokit&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Biorad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Captia &#40;Trinity Biotech&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Vircell&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Chorus &#40;Diesse&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dynex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Triturus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ELISA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Zeus Scientific&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Alere&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Novalisa&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Novagnost&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Virotech&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Freedom EVOlyzer&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Diasorin&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Ortho&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Palex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Cel Labs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="25" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">IB</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Focus&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Innolia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">X</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ensayos comerciales automatizados empleados en Espa&#241;a</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensibilidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Determine &#40;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&#44;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&#44;32&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SD BIOLINE &#40;Standard Diagnostics&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#44;85&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&#44;13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">96&#44;45&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99&#44;43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Syphicheck &#40;Qualpro&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99&#44;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">74&#44;26&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99&#44;58&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensibilidad y especificidad de las pruebas r&#225;pidas m&#225;s utilizadas para el diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;filis en muestras de suero y sangre total</p>"
        ]
      ]
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prueba &#40;Fabricante&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensibilidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">99&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0520"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensibilidad y especificidad de la determinaci&#243;n de anti-VHC en muestra de sangre de diferentes ensayos inmunocromatogr&#225;ficos comercializados para la detecci&#243;n simult&#225;nea de anti-VHC y otros pat&#243;genos</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prueba &#40;Fabricante&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensibilidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44-46</span></a>&#44;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45-47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DSI &#40;DSI S&#46;r&#46;l&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0535"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44-46</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Mikrogen recomWell &#40;nuevo&#41; &#40;Mikrogen GmbH Neuried&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">38-93&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88-99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0540"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45-47</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Sensibilidad y especificidad de pruebas de ELISA para detectar IgM anti-VHE</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fuente&#58; Pal et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0565"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;53</span></a> y Hunsperger et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0585"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#46;</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Ensayo&#47;Prueba &#40;Fabricante&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensibilidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Especificidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ant&#237;geno NS1</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PoC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dengue NS1 Ag Strip &#40;Bio-Rad&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dengue NS1 DetectRapid Test &#40;InBios&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Panbio Dengue Early Rapid &#40;Panbio&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">71&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD BIOLINE Dengue NS1 &#40;Standard Diagnostics&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">72&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ELISA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag &#40;Bio-Rad&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">89&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>DENV Detect NS1 ELISA &#40;InBios&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">100&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Panbio Dengue Early ELISA &#40;Panbio&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">85&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">95&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Anticuerpos</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PoC</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Panbio Dengue Duo Cassette IgG&#47;IgM &#40;Panbio&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">77&#44;8-92&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#44;2-90&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD BIOLINE Duo Cassette IgG&#47;IgM &#40;Standard Diagnostic&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">60&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD BIOLINE Duo NS1 Ag&#43;Ab Combo &#40;Standard Diagnostics&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&#44;3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Denguchek WB IgM&#47;IgG &#40;Zephyr&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">20&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry  " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ELISA</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dengue Fever Virus IgM Capture &#40;Focus Diagnostics&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">98&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Pathozyme M Dengue Capture &#40;Omega&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">62&#44;3 83&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">86&#44;5-97&#44;8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Dengue IgM Capture &#40;Panbio&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&#44;6-99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84&#44;4-88&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>SD BIOLINE Dengue IgM Capture &#40;Standard Diagnostics&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Virus dengue&#58; sensibilidad y especificidad de pruebas r&#225;pidas y de ELISA para detectar NS1 y anticuerpos</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0085" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">P&#58; plasma&#59; S&#58; suero&#59; ST&#58; sangre total&#46;</p><p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Adaptada de S&#225;nchez-Camargo et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0610"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a>&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prueba &#40;Fabricante&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Formato&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muestra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sensibilidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Especificidad &#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">OnSite Chagas AB Rapid test &#40;CTK Biotech&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#44;1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">91&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">WL Chek Chagas &#40;Wiener&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">88&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chagas Instantest &#40;Silanes&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">76&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Trypanosoma Detect Rapid test &#40;InBios Inc&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;tira&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chagas Quick test &#40;Cypress Diagnostic&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;tira&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">92&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Chagas Stat-Pack assay &#40;Chembio&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">87&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">93&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Immune-Sure Chagas &#40;Millenium Biotech&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">10&#44;6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">SD BIOLINE Chagas Ab Rapid &#40;Standard Diagnostics&#47;Alere&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">90&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">94&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Simple Chagas WD &#40;Operon&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">IC&#47;cassette&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ST&#44; S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">84&#44;9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">70&#44;7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Serodia Chagas &#40;Fujirebio Inc&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">S&#44; P&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">97&#44;2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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