metricas
covid
Buscar en
Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica
Toda la web
Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Consideraciones especiales de la neutropenia febril en el paciente pediátrico
Información de la revista
Vol. 23. Núm. S5.
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Páginas 35-39 (diciembre 2005)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 23. Núm. S5.
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Páginas 35-39 (diciembre 2005)
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Acceso a texto completo
Consideraciones especiales de la neutropenia febril en el paciente pediátrico
Special features of febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients
Visitas
6027
M.Teresa Olivé-Oliverasa,
Autor para correspondencia
tolive@vhebron.net

Correspondencia: Dra. M.T. Olivé Oliveras. Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Infantil. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Paseo Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
, Isabel Ruiz-Campsb
a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Infantil. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
b Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital General. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo

La neutropenia febril es una complicación común en el niño oncohematológico. Se define por la presencia de fiebre ≥ 38,3 °C o ≥ 38 °C durante 1 h, junto con una cifra de neutófilos ≤ 500/μl. Habitualmente estos niños ingresan en el hospital y reciben antibioterapia empírica de amplio espectro. Recientes estudios apoyan la posibilidad de un alta precoz o el manejo ambulatorio para unos casos seleccionados de neutropenia febril. Esto conlleva una disminución del riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales, una reducción del uso indiscriminado de antibióticos de amplio espectro, con la consiguiente disminución de resistencia, toxicidad y costes. Todo ello redundará en una mejor calidad de vida del niño. La incidencia estimada de bacteriemias en niños con neutropenia febril es del 10-36%. Sin embargo, la experiencia de múltiples centros sugiere que no todos los niños tienen el mismo riesgo de complicaciones o muerte debido a la infección, que es muy inferior en comparación con los adultos.

Palabras clave:
Neutropenia febril
Paciente pediátrico
Factores de riesgo
Tratamiento empírico

Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in pediatric oncohematological patients. It is defined by fever ≥ 38.3 °C or ≥ 38 for more than one hour together with a neutrophil count of ≤ 500/μl3. These children are usually admitted to hospital and receive empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Recent studies support the possibility of early discharge or outpatient management in selected cases of febrile neutropenia. This translates into a lower risk of nosocomial infections and a reduction in the discriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, with a consequent reduction in resistance, toxicity and costs. All of these factors would improve the patient's quality of life. The estimated incidence of bacteremia in children with febrile neutropenia is 10-36%. However, the experience of multiple centers suggests that not all children have the same risk of complications or death due to infection and that the risk is much lower than that in adults.

Key words:
Febrile neutropenia
Pediatric patients
Risk factors
Empirical treatment
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
P.A. Pizzo, M. Rubin, A. Freifeld, et al.
The child with cancer and infection: I. Empiric therapy for fever and neutropenia, and preventive strategies.
J Pediatr, 119 (1991), pp. 679-694
[2.]
J. Klastersky.
Febrile neutropenia.
Curr Opin Oncol, 5 (1993), pp. 625-632
[3.]
P.A. Pizzo, K.J. Robichaud, R. Wesley.
Fever in the pediatric and young adult patient with cancer: a prospective study of 1001 episodes.
Medicen, 61 (1982), pp. 163-165
[4.]
C. Viscoli, O. Varnier, M. Machetti.
Infections in patients with febrile neutropenia: epidemiology, microbiology, and risk stratification.
Clin Infect Dis, 40 (2005), pp. 240-245
[5.]
R. Houpt, M. Romanengo, T. Fears, C. Viscoli, E. Castagnola.
Incidence of septicemias and invasive mycoses in children undergoint treatment for solid tumours: a 12 tear experience at a single Italian institution.
Eur J Cancer, 37 (2001), pp. 2413-2419
[6.]
E.J. Bow, R. Coewen.
Reduced requirement for antibiotic therapy targeting gram-negative organism infebril, neutopenic patients with cancer who are receiving antibacterial chemotherapy with oral quinolones.
Clin Infect Dis, 20 (1995), pp. 907-912
[7.]
J.J. Cornelissen, M. Rozenberg-Arska, A.W. Dekker.
Discontinuation of intravenous antibiotic therapy during persistent neutropenia in patients receiving prophylaxis with oral ciprofloxacin.
Clin Infect Dis, 21 (1995), pp. 1300-1302
[8.]
J.A. Talcott, R.D. Siegel, R. Finberg, L. Goldman.
Risk assessment in cancer patients with fever and neutropenia: a prospective, two-center validation of a prediction rule.
J Clin Oncol, 10 (1992), pp. 316-322
[9.]
J. Klastersky, M. Paesmans, E.B. Rubenstein, et al.
The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer Risk Index: a multinational scoring system for identifying low-risk febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
J Clin Oncol, 18 (2000), pp. 3038-3051
[10.]
M.E. Santolaya, A.M. Álvarez, C.I. Avilés, et al.
Prospective evaluation of a model of prediction of invasive bacterial infection risk among children with cancer, fever, and neutropenia.
Clin Infect Dis, 35 (2002), pp. 678-683
[11.]
K.G. Lucas, A.E. Brown, D. Amstrong, et al.
The identification of febrile neutopenic children with neoplastic disease at low risk for bacteraemia and complications of sepsis.
Cancer, 77 (1996), pp. 791-798
[12.]
W.R. Rackoff, R. Gonin, C. Robinson, et al.
Predicting the risk of bacteremia in children with fever and neutropenia.
J Clin Oncol, 14 (1996), pp. 919-924
[13.]
E.P. Baorto, V.M. Aquino, C.A. Mullen, et al.
Clinical parameters associated with low bacteremia risk in 1,100 pediatric oncology patients with fever and neutropenia.
Cancer, 92 (2001), pp. 909-913
[14.]
R.J. Klaassen, T.R. Goodman, J.J. Doyle.
“Low risk” prediction rule for padiatric oncology patients presenting with fever and neutropenia.
J Clin Oncol, 18 (2000), pp. 1012-1019
[15.]
P. Rikonen.
Imipenem compared with ceftazidime plus vancomycin as initial therapy for fever in neutropenic children with cancer.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 10 (1991), pp. 918-923
[16.]
R. Charnas, A.R. Luthi, W. Ruch.
Once daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin vs. three times daily ceftazidime plus amikacin for treatment of febrile neutropenic children with cancer.
Pediatr Infect Dis J, 16 (1997), pp. 346-353
[17.]
P. Eggimann, M.P. Glauser, M. Aoun, F. Meunier, T. Calandra.
Cefepime monotherapy for the empirical treatment of fever in granulocytopenic cancer patients.
J Antimicrob Chemother, 32 (1993), pp. 151-163
[18.]
E.J. Bow, R. Loewen, D. Vaughan.
Reduced requirement for antibiotic therapy targeting gram-negative organisms in febrile, neutropenic patients with cancer who are receiving antibacterial chemoprophylaxis with oral quinolones.
Clin Infect Dis, 20 (1995), pp. 907-912
[19.]
J.L. Shenep, P.M. Flynn, D.K. Baker, et al.
Oral cefixime is similar to continued intravenous antibiotics in the empirical treatment of febrile neutropenic children with cancer.
Clin Infect Dis, 32 (2001), pp. 36-43
[20.]
P.A. Pizzo, K.J. Robichaud, F.A. Gill, et al.
Duration of empiric antibiotic therapy in granulocytopenic patients with cancer.
Am J Med, 67 (1979), pp. 194-200
[21.]
L. Crane, S. Komskian, A. Sauber, et al.
Antibiotic therapy in febrile neutropenic patients: what is the optimum duration of therapy? [abstract].
Program and abstracts of the 28th Interscience Conferenceon Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Los Angeles), American Society for Microbiology, (1988),
[22.]
W.T. Hughes, G. Patterson.
Post-sepsis prophylaxis in cancer patients.
Cancer, 53 (1984), pp. 137-141
[23.]
EORTC International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group.
Empirical antifungal therapy in febrile granulocytopenic patients.
Am J Med, 86 (1989), pp. 668-672
[24.]
T.J. Walsh, R.W. Finberg, C. Arndt, et al.
Liposomal amphotericin B for empirical therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group.
N Engl J Med, 340 (1999), pp. 764-771
[25.]
J.R. Wingard, M.H. White, E. Anaissie, J. Raffalli, J. Goodman, A. Arrieta.
A randomized, double-blind comparative trial evaluating the safety of liposomal amphotericin B versus amphotericin B lipid complex in teh empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia.
Clin Infect Dis, 31 (2000), pp. 1155-1163
[26.]
R.V. Fleming, H.M. Kantarjian, R. Husni, K. Rolstom, J. Lim, I. Raad, et al.
Comparison of amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) vs. Ambisome in the treatment of suspected or documented fungal infections in patients with leukemia.
Leuk Lymphoma, 40 (2001), pp. 511-520
[27.]
M. Bogaerts, D.J. Winston, E.J. Bow, et al.
Intravenous and oral itraconazole versus intravenous amphotericine B deoxycholate as empirical antiphungal therapy for persistent fever in neutropenic patients with cancer who are receiving broad-spectrum antibacterial therapy: a randomized, controlled trial.
Ann Intern Med, 135 (2001), pp. 412-422
[28.]
T.J. Walsh, P. Pappas, D.J. Winston, et al.
Voriconazole compared with liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenia and persistent fever.
N Engl J Med, 346 (2002), pp. 225-234
[29.]
T.J. Walsh, C. Sable, B. DePauw, et al.
A randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of caspofungin vs. liposomal amphotericin B for empirical antifungal therapy in patients with persistent fever and neutropenia.
N Engl J Med, 351 (2004), pp. 1391-1402
[30.]
J.R. Windgard.
Empirical antiphungal therapy in treating febrile neutropenic patients.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 38-43
[31.]
J. Klastersky.
Antifungal therapy in patients with fever and neutropenia. More rational and less empirical?.
N Engl J Med, 351 (2004), pp. 1445-1447
[32.]
K.V.I. Rolston.
The Infectious Diseases Society of America 2002 Guidelines for the Use of Antimicrobial Agents in patients with Cancer and Neutropenia: Salient Features and Comments.
Clin Infect Dis, 39 (2004), pp. 44-48
Copyright © 2005. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos