Información del artículo
En los últimos años se ha desarrollado un interés creciente en el papel de los virus del herpes humano tipos 6 (VHH-6) y 7 (VHH-7) en los receptores de trasplantes, considerados en la actualidad patógenos emergentes en este contexto. Pertenecen a la familia de los betaherpesvirus y están estrechamente relacionados con el citomegalovirus (CMV), miembro de la misma familia. Tras la primoinfección se mantienen latentes en el huésped y pueden reactivarse tras el trasplante. Se han descrito varios síndromes clínicos asociados, como fiebre, neumonitis, encefalitis, hepatitis y mielosupresión. No obstante, parece cada vez más evidente que el mayor impacto de estos virus en el trasplante se relaciona con sus efectos indirectos: asociación con la enfermedad por CMV, aumento de las infecciones oportunistas, y disfunción y rechazo del injerto. Se investigan en la actualidad su patogénesis durante el período postrasplante, los métodos diagnósticos, la eficacia de los fármacos antivirales y las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento
Palabras clave:
Betaherpesvirus
Virus del herpes humano tipo 6 (VHH-6)
Virus del herpes humano tipo 7 (VHH-7)
Trasplante
Trasplante de órgano sólido
Trasplante de médula ósea (trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos)
TPH
Human herpesvirus type 6 and type 7 in transplant recipients. Recent years have witnessed a growing interest in the role of human herpesvirus (HHV) type 6 and type 7 as emerging pathogens or copathogens in transplant recipients. Both HHV-6 and HHV-7 belong to the beta-herpesvirus family and are closely related to another member of the family, cytomegalovirus. After the primary infection, these viruses remain latent in the human host and can reactivate after transplantation. Various clinical processes such as fever, rash, pneumonitis, encephalitis, hepatitis, and myelosuppression have been described in association with herpesvirus. Moreover, a growing body of evidence suggests that the major impact of HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation in transplantation is related to indirect effects, such as their association with cytomegalovirus disease, increased opportunistic infections, and graft dysfunction and rejection. The pathogenesis of HHV-6 and HHV-7 during the post-transplantation period, the methods used for their diagnosis, and the evaluation of antiviral drugs and strategies for their prevention and treatment are now the subject of extensive research
Key words:
Beta-herpesviruses
Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)
Human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7)
Transplantation
Solid organ transplantation
Bone marrow transplantation
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
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