Effect of lead and cadmium to blood pressure on communities along coastal areas of Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract

Objectives

This research aims to analyses the effect of lead and cadmium to the blood pressure and the hypertension status among communities living along the coastal area of Makassar.

Methods

This study is cross-sectional study. Direct measurement and laboratory sample analyses were conducted as well as questionnaire application. Respondent selected by stratified random sampling. Then, assessment was done by applying a multiple linier and logistic regressions.

Results

This research results indicated that Pb and Cd average level in blood were of 25.2 μg/dL and 19.20 μg/dL, respectively. The systolic blood pressure mean was 139.6 ± 16.32, while mean diastolic blood pressure was 86.2 ± 12.54. Chi square indicated relationship between blood pressure and the magnitude of Lead and Cadmium in the blood.

Conclusions

The level of blood lead and cadmium were significantly affected diastolic blood pressure. It is suggested that people no consume the water and cakes as they contain both lead and cadmium.