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Vol. 12. Núm. 4.
Páginas 164-174 (enero 2001)
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Vol. 12. Núm. 4.
Páginas 164-174 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
¿Pueden ser útiles los descriptores verbales específicos para diferenciar a los pacientes con o sin infarto agudo de miocardio? Resultados de un estudio de dos años
Can specific verbal descriptors be useful in differentiating those with and without MI? Findings from a two-year study
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3895
J.W. Albarrán1,
Autor para correspondencia
john.albarran@uwe.ac.uk

Correspondencia: Principal Lecturer in Critical Care Faculty of Health and Social Care University of the West of England Bristol BS16 1DD Tel.: 0117 3448611
, G. Chappel1, B. Durham1, J. Gowers2, J. Dwight1
1 Unidad de Cuidados Coronarios, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, Gran Bretaña
2 Facultad de Estudios Informáticos y Matemáticos. University of the West of England, Bristol, Gran Bretaña
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Resumen

Este artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio de 2 años, realizado en una unidad coronaria de 11 camas situada en un hospital del suroeste de Inglaterra. El objetivo del estudio era explorar las diferencias entre los descriptores verbales utilizados por pacientes con y sin infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM), para determinar su contribución en la valoración de pacientes con sospecha de IAM. Además, el estudio analizaba si existían diferencias entre las palabras utilizadas por los varones y las mujeres con IAM para describir los síntomas de dolor torácico.

Todos los pacientes ingresados con un episodio de dolor torácico se seleccionaban para participar en el estudio, siempre que: hubieran estado sin dolor 24 h después del ingreso, fueran mayores de 18 años y hablaran inglés. La muestra incluyó 266 pacientes con IAM y 275 sin IAM. A todos los pacientes se les ofreció una lista de 12 palabras sensoriales y 10 afectivas, validadas en investigaciones anteriores.

Los resultados sugieren que hay poca diferencia entre las palabras utilizadas por los pacientes con o sin IAM para describir su dolor torácico, lo que puede confirmar la complejidad para obtener un diagnóstico diferencial exacto. Sin embargo, hay algunas diferencias claras entre el vocabulario utilizado por los varones y las mujeres con IAM, las mujeres se expresaban con un lenguaje más emotivo que los varones, refiriendo su dolor torácico en términos de estar “asustadas” (p < 0,05) y “aterradas” (21,1% frente a 12,1 %). La discusión presenta los aspectos metodológicos y posibles implicaciones para la práctica en el futuro.

Palabras clave:
Descriptores verbales
Descriptores sensoriales
Descriptores emotivos
Dolor torácico
Infarto agudo de miocardio
Enfermedad coronaria
Abstract

This paper discusses the findings of a two-year study, which was based in an eleven-bedded coronary care unit in the South-West of England. The study aimed to explore the difference between the verbal descriptors used by those with and without MI in order to determine their contribution in assessing patients with a suspected MI. The study also examined whether any differences existed between the words men and women with MI used to describe their chest pain symptoms.

All patients admitted with an episode of chest pain were eligible to participate providing that they were pain-free at 24 hours after admission, were over 18 years of age and could speak English. The sample comprised of 266 patients with MI and 275 without MI. All patients were offered a menu of 12 sensory and 10 afective words, which had been validated in previous research.

The results suggest that there is little difference in the words patients with and without MI use to describe their chest pain and this may reinforce the complexity in obtaining an accurate differential diagnosis. However, there are some clear differences in the vocabulary of men and women with MI. Women with MI appeared to report more emotive language than men and expressed their chest pain in terms of being “frightened” (p < 0.05) and “terrified” (21.1 % vs 12.1 %). The discussion will examine the methodological issues and possible practice implications for the future.

Key words:
Verbal descriptors
Sensory descriptors
Affective descriptors
Chest pain
Acute miocardial infarction
Coronary heart disease
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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L. y Sociedad Española de Enfermería Intensiva
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