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Inicio Ensayos sobre Política Económica Las ventajas laborales de la aglomeración del capital humano en los muncipios c...
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Vol. 31. Núm. 70.
Páginas 315-366 (enero 2013)
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Vol. 31. Núm. 70.
Páginas 315-366 (enero 2013)
Acceso a texto completo
Las ventajas laborales de la aglomeración del capital humano en los muncipios colombianos
The Employment Advantages of Skilled Urban Municipalities in Colombia
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1236
Ana María Díaz
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Este trabajo analiza si la aglomeración de capital humano en los municipios de Colombia genera beneficios sociales en términos de mayores oportunidades laborales, por medio del empleo de datos censales de 1993 y 2005. Los resultados muestran que la tasa de empleo es, en promedio, más alta en los municipios con una mano de obra más calificada que en aquellos municipios con una mano de obra poco calificada. La literatura ofrece, al menos, tres explicaciones para este resultado: las externalidades de capital humano, las complementariedades de producción y las externalidades de consumo. Para distinguir entre estas, se analiza el efecto de un aumento en la oferta de mano de obra calificada en la tasa de empleo de individuos con diferentes niveles de educación. Los resultados sugieren que dicho aumento tiene un efecto positivo en la tasa de empleo de individuos que no terminaron la secundaria o la primaria.

Palabras clave:
Mercados laborales locales
empleo
externalidades del capital humano
complementariedades de producción
externalidades de consumo
señalización
congestión
Abstract

This paper explores whether the agglomeration of human capital leads to social employment advantages in urban labor markets of Colombia. It compares employment opportunities in urban areas where the level of education differs while controlling for plausible confounders using census data for 1993 and 2005. Results show that employment opportunities are higher on average in skilled urban areas than in low-skilled urban areas. Recent literature has offered at least three explanations for this positive effect: human capital externalities, production complementarities, and consumption spillovers. To distinguish between them, I analyze the effect of an increase on the college share on the employment rate for different education groups. An increase in the supply of college graduates only affects the employment rates of primary and high-school dropouts. Human capital externalities and production complementarities explain the spatial employment differences in Colombia.

Key words:
Local Labor Markets
Employment
Human Capital Externalities
Production Complementarities
Consumer Demand Spillovers
Signaling
Congestion
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Quisiera agradecer a Bart Cockx por sus comentarios, discusiones y guía. Este texto se benefició por los comentarios de Muriel Dejemeppe, Giordano Mion, Florian Mayneris, Sofía Pessao e Costa, Jean Francois Maystadt y Luis Eduardo Arango. Agradezco a los evaluadores anónimos por su positiva revisión. Sin embargo, todos los errores y omisiones que pueda tener el documento me corresponden. Me encuentro en deuda con la Oficina de Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad Católica de Louvain, por su apoyo financiero.

El autor es profesor asistente de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

I wish to thank Bart Cockx for very helpful comments, discussions, and guidance. This paper has largely benefited from comments from Muriel Dejemeppe, Giordano Mion, Florian Mayneris, Sofia Pessao e Costa, Jean Francois Maystadt, and Luis Eduardo Arango. I thank the anonymous referee for his positive and constructive reviews. Any remaining errors are my own responsibility. I am indebted to the International Relations Office of the Université Catholique de Louvain for financial support.

The author is assistant professor (School of Economics and Management) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.

Copyright © 2013. Banco de la República de Colombia
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