covid
Buscar en
Estudios Gerenciales
Toda la web
Inicio Estudios Gerenciales Potential dividends and actual cash flows in equity valuation. A critical analys...
Información de la revista
Vol. 25. Núm. 113.
Páginas 123-150 (octubre - diciembre 2009)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 25. Núm. 113.
Páginas 123-150 (octubre - diciembre 2009)
Open Access
Potential dividends and actual cash flows in equity valuation. A critical analysis1
Dividendos potenciales y flujos de caja reales en valoración. Un análisis crítico
Potenciais dividendos e fluxo de caixa efetivo em valoração de patrimônio. Uma análise crítica
Visitas
2777
Ignacio Vélez-Pareja
Autor para correspondencia
ivelez@unitecnologica.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia.
Master of Science en Industrial Engineering, University of Missouri, Estados Unidos. Profesor Asociado, Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Colombia. Grupo de investigación Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo, IDE, Colombia. Dirigir correspondencia a: Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar, Calle del Bouquet No 25-92, Manga, Cartagena, Colombia
Carlo Alberto Magni
PhD in Mathematics applied to economic problems, University of Trieste, Italia. Associate Professor of Mathematical Methods for Economics, Actuarial and Financial Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Faculty of Economics, Italia. Grupo de investigación Instituto de Estudios para el Desarrollo, IDE, Colombia
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Abstract

Practitioners and most academics in valuation include changes in liquid assets (potential dividends) in the cash flows. This widespread and wrong practice is inconsistent with basic finance theory. We present economic, theoretical, and empirical arguments to support the thesis. Economic arguments underline that only flows of cash should be considered for valuation; theoretical arguments show how potential dividends lead to contradiction and to arbitrage losses. Empirical arguments, from recent studies, suggest that investors discount potential dividends with high discount rates, which means that changes in liquid assets are not value drivers. Hence, when valuing cash flows, we should consider only actual payments.

Keywords:
Cash flow to equity
potential dividends
equity value
Resumen

Profesionales y la mayoría de los académicos de valoración incluyen los cambios en activos líquidos (dividendos potenciales) en los flujos de efectivo. Esta práctica generalizada y equivocada es incompatible con la teoría básica de finanzas. Se presentan argumentos económicos, teóricos y empíricos para apoyar esta tesis. Los argumentos económicos dicen que para la valoración sólo se deben considerar flujos de caja; los teóricos muestran cómo los dividendos potenciales conducen a contradicciones y a pérdidas de arbitraje. Los argumentos empíricos sugieren que los inversionistas descuentan los dividendos potenciales con altas tasas de descuento, lo que significa que el cambio en activos líquidos destruyen valor. Por tanto, al valorar los flujos de caja, se debería considerar sólo los pagos que en realidad ocurren.

Palabras clave:
Flujo de caja del accionista
dividendos potenciales
valor del patrimonio
Resumo

Profissionais e a maioria dos académicos trabalhando no campo da valoração incluem mudanças em ativos disponíveis (potenciais dividendos) nos fluxos de caixa. Esta prática comum e incorreta é inconsistente com a teoria financeira básica. Nós apresentamos argumentos econômicos, teóricos e empíricos para apoiar essa tese. Enquanto que os argumentos econômicos afirmam que apenas os fluxos de caixa deveriam ser considerados para objetivos de valoração, os argumentos teóricos mostram como a consideração de potenciais dividendos leva a contradições/discrepâncias e perdas em arbitragem. Argumentos empíricos em estudos recentes sugerem que os investidores tendem a descontar potenciais dividendos a elevadas taxas de desconto, o que significa que as mudanças em ativos disponíveis não são acionadores de valor. Por isso, apenas pagamentos reais deveriam ser considerados ao valorar fluxos de caixa.

Palavras-chave:
Fluxo de caixa para valoração
potenciais dividendos
valoração de patrimônio
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliographic References
[1.]
S.Z. Benninga, O.H. Sarig.
Corporate Finance. A Valuation Approach..
McGraw- Hill, (1997),
[2.]
R. Brealey, S.C. Myers.
Principles of Corporate Finance.
7th, McGraw-Hill- Irwin, (2003),
[3.]
Cash Management Fundamentals Professional Development Program. (2007). Northwestern University Website. Retrieved in November 21, 2007, from: http://www.scs.northwestern.edu/pdp/npdp/cmf/.
[4.]
T.E. Copeland, T. Koller, J. Murrin.
Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies..
John Wiley & Sons, (1990),
[5.]
T.E. Copeland, T. Koller, J. Murrin.
Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies.
2nd, John Wiley & Sons, (1994),
[6.]
T.E. Copeland, T. Koller, J. Murrin.
Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies.
3rd, John Wiley & Sons, (2000),
[7.]
A. Damodaran.
Applied Corporate Finance. A User's Manual..
John Wiley & Sons, (1999),
[8.]
A. Damodaran.
Damodaran on Valuation.
2nd, John Wiley & Sons, (2006),
[9.]
Damodaran, A. (2006b). Valuation approaches and metrics: a survey of the theory and evidence. Available at SSRN:http://www.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/papers/valuesurvey.pdf (November). Originally published in Foundations and Trends® in Finance, 1(8), 693-784, 2005.
[10.]
Damodaran, A. (2008). Equity instruments: Part I. Discounted cash flow valuation. Recuperado el 16 de febrero de 2008, de: www.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/pdfiles/eqnotes/packet1.pdf, (updated January 14, 2008).
[11.]
H. DeAngelo, L. DeAngelo.
The Irrelevance of the MM dividend irrelevance theorem.
Journal of Financial Economics, 79 (2006), pp. 293-315
[12.]
H. DeAngelo, L. DeAngelo.
Payout policy pedagogy: what matters and why.
European Financial Management, 13 (2007), pp. 11-27
[13.]
Faulkender, M.W. and Wang, R. (2004). Corporate financial policy and the value of cash (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=563595.
[14.]
P. Fernández.
Valuation Methods and Shareholder Value Creation..
Academic Press, (2002),
[15.]
Fernández, P. (2007). Company valuation methods. The most common errors in valuation (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=274973.
[16.]
J. Harford.
Corporate cash reserves and acquisitions.
Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), pp. 1969-1997
[17.]
M.C. Jensen.
Agency cost of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers.
American Economic Review, 76 (1986), pp. 323-329
[18.]
J.H. Lorie, L.J. Savage.
Three problems in rationing capital.
Journal of Business, 28 (1955), pp. 229-239
[19.]
Magni, C.A. (2007). Relevance or irrelevance of retention for dividend policy irrelevance (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1027401.
[20.]
Mikkelson, W.H. and Partch, M. (2003). Do Persistent Large Cash Reserves Lead to Poor Performance? (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=186950 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.186950. A final version of this paper was published as: Do Persistent Large Cash Reserves Hinder Performance? in Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(2), 275-294.
[21.]
M.H. Miller, F. Modigliani.
Dividend policy, growth and the valuation of shares.
The Journal of Business, 34 (1961), pp. 411-433
[22.]
F. Modigliani, M.H. Miller.
The cost of capital, corporation taxes and the theory of investment.
American Economic Review, 47 (1958), pp. 261-297
[23.]
F. Modigliani, M.H. Miller.
Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: a correction.
American Economic Review, 53 (1963), pp. 433-443
[24.]
R.F. Nau, K.F. McCardle.
Arbitrage, rationality, and equilibrium.
Theory and Decision, 31 (1991), pp. 199-240
[25.]
T.C. Opler, L. Pinkowitz, R.M. Stulz, R. Williamson.
The determinants and implications of corporate cash holdings.
Journal of Financial Economics, 52 (1999), pp. 3-46
[26.]
S. Penman.
Return to fundamentals.
Journal of Accounting Auditing and Finance, 7 (1992), pp. 465-483
[27.]
S. Penman.
Financial Statement Analysis and Security Valuation.
3rd, McGraw- Hill, (2007),
[28.]
S. Penman, T. Sougiannis.
A comparison of dividends, cash flow, and earnings approaches to equity valuation.
Contemporary Accounting Research, 15 (1998), pp. 343-383
[29.]
Pinkowitz, L., Stulz, R.M. and Williamson, R. (2003). Do firms in countries with poor protection of investor rights hold more cash? (Dice Center Working Paper No. 2003-2029). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=476442 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.476442.
[30.]
Pinkowitz, L. and Williamson, R. (2002). What is a dollar worth? The market value of cash holdings (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=355840 or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.355840.
[31.]
L. Pinkowitz, R. Williamson, R.M. Stulz.
Cash holdings, dividend policy, and corporate governance: a cross-country analysis.
Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, 19 (2007), pp. 81-87
[32.]
R.S. Ruback.
Capital cash flows: a simple approach to valuing cash flows.
Financial Management, 31 (2002), pp. 85-103
[33.]
Schwetzler, B. and Carsten, R. (2003). Valuation effects of corporate cash holdings: Evidence from Germany (HHL working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=490262.
[34.]
R.E. Shrieves, J.M. Wachowicz.
Free Cash Flow (FCF) Economic Value Added (EVA), and Net Present Value (NPV): A Reconciliation of Variations of Discounted-Cash-Flow (DCF) Valuation.
The Engineering Economist, 46 (2001), pp. 33-52
[35.]
J.E. Smith, R. Nau.
Valuing risky projects: option pricing theory and decision analysis.
Management Science, 41 (1995), pp. 795-816
[36.]
J. Tham, I. Vélez-Pareja.
Principles of Cash Flow Valuation..
Academic Press, (2004),
[37.]
H.R. Varian.
The arbitrage principle in financial economics.
The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1 (1987), pp. 55-72
[38.]
Vélez-Pareja, I. (1999a). Construction of free cash flows: a pedagogical note. Part I (December) (working paper). Available at SSRN:http://ssrn.com/abstract=196588.
[39.]
Vélez-Pareja, I. (1999b). Construction of free cash flows: a pedagogical note. Part II (December) (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=199752.
[40.]
Vélez-Pareja, I. (2004). The correct definition for the cash flows to value a firm (free cash flow and cash flow to equity) (September 30) (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=597681.
[41.]
Vélez-Pareja, I. (2005a). Once more, the correct definition for the cash flows to value a firm (free cash flow and cash flow to equity) (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=642763.
[42.]
Vélez-Pareja, I. (2005b). Construction of cash flows revisited (working paper). Available at SSRN: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=784486.

Este documento fue seleccionado en la convocatoria para enviar artículos, Call for Papers, realizada en el marco del Simposio “Análisis y propuestas creativas ante los retos del nuevo entorno empresarial”, organizado en celebración a los 30 años de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas de la Universidad Icesi y de los 25 años de su revista académica, Estudios Gerenciales; el 15 y 16 de octubre de 2009, en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). El documento fue presentado en las sesiones simultáneas del área de “Finanzas”.

Copyright © 2009. Universidad ICESI
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo