array:23 [ "pii" => "S0211563817301293" "issn" => "02115638" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ft.2017.10.001" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-05-01" "aid" => "468" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Fisioterapeutas" "copyrightAnyo" => "2017" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Fisioterapia. 2018;40:136-42" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 24 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 13 "PDF" => 11 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0211563818300166" "issn" => "02115638" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ft.2018.01.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-05-01" "aid" => "476" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Fisioterapeutas" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Fisioterapia. 2018;40:143-52" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 74 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 52 "PDF" => 22 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">REVISIÓN</span>" "titulo" => "Participación de los músculos dorsal ancho, glúteo mayor y bíceps femoral en la estabilidad de la articulación sacroíliaca: revisión sistemática" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "143" "paginaFinal" => "152" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Participation of latissimus dorsi, gluteus maximus and biceps femoris in sacroiliac joint stability: Systematic review" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1401 "Ancho" => 2167 "Tamanyo" => 203393 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flujograma de estudios incluidos en la revisión.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "L.Y. Sánchez, L.C. Ramírez, A.B. Oliveira" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L.Y." "apellidos" => "Sánchez" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L.C." "apellidos" => "Ramírez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.B." "apellidos" => "Oliveira" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0211563818300166?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02115638/0000004000000003/v1_201804290431/S0211563818300166/v1_201804290431/es/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0211563818300178" "issn" => "02115638" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ft.2018.01.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2018-05-01" "aid" => "477" "copyright" => "Asociación Española de Fisioterapeutas" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Fisioterapia. 2018;40:130-5" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 78 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 58 "PDF" => 20 ] ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Efectos del kinesiotape en el equilibrio y la marcha en mayores inactivos" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "130" "paginaFinal" => "135" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "The effects of kinesio tape on balance and gait of inactive older adults" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 679 "Ancho" => 950 "Tamanyo" => 58509 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Vendaje aplicado en este ensayo según la técnica modificada de Halseth y descrita por Shields et al.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "A. Ortiz-Rubio, I. Cabrera-Martos, J. Casilda-López, M.J. Ariza-Mateos, R. Romero-Fernandez, M.C. Valenza" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Ortiz-Rubio" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "I." "apellidos" => "Cabrera-Martos" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Casilda-López" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.J." "apellidos" => "Ariza-Mateos" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Romero-Fernandez" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M.C." "apellidos" => "Valenza" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0211563818300178?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02115638/0000004000000003/v1_201804290431/S0211563818300178/v1_201804290431/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>" "titulo" => "Overcoming challenges for exercise in the clinic, participation and adherence by patients with osteoarthritis of the knee" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "136" "paginaFinal" => "142" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "B. Kaka, S.S. Maharaj, A. Abdulrazaq, N.B. Mukhtar" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Kaka" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "bkaka.pth@buk.edu.ng" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "S.S." "apellidos" => "Maharaj" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Abdulrazaq" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "N.B." "apellidos" => "Mukhtar" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Divisions of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, South Africa" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Kano, Nigeria" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Superar los desafíos para el ejercicio en la clínica, la participación y la adherencia de los pacientes con osteoartritis de la rodilla" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disorder and disabling joint disease, which damages the articular surfaces of the bone, cartilage, synovial membrane, causing swelling of the joint with newly formed bones and inflammations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It affects mostly elderly people, approximately 11% of the adults 65 years and older.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Osteoarthritis is a common chronic disease and costly public health problem.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The disease affects people of all ethnic groups in all geographical locations, and it is the most common long-term cause of disability particularly in the elderly. Despite convincing evidence of the benefits of exercise for people with knee OA, adherence to a regular exercise program is critical.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Composite ranges of factors influence a person's decision to commence, and maintain, participation in exercise. These, include attitude toward exercise, perceived severity of knee symptoms, ideas about the cause of arthritis, and the perceived effectiveness of the intervention, the high levels of continued compliance were related to perceptions that physiotherapy is effective and improvement in symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical activities and exercises are integral for rehabilitation and are prescribed for cardio-respiratory fitness and improve neuro-musculoskeletal function with many studies supporting the therapeutic benefits of exercises.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Exercises increase blood flow to the limbs and relieves pain by increasing endogenous opioids and transient anti-nociception in humans and animals.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Studies show by engaging in exercises anti-nociception are produced for longer which increases the concentrations of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid opioids which reduce chronic neuropathic pain.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Healthcare professionals emphasize the benefits of exercises to patients and use exercise programs to rehabilitate physical and physiological conditions in clinical practice. Adherence to treatment and rehabilitation is important and can determine the outcome of prescribed treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In physiotherapy, the concept of adherence is different in nature with different dimension and could relate to undertaking prescribed exercises, frequency of undertaking prescribed exercise, attendance at appointments, following advice, correct performance of exercises.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> In the clinical setting adherence refers to a patient's behavior corresponding to agreed recommendations to activities from a healthcare provider.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> When applied to orthopedic rehabilitation the use of various modalities, including exercises can be challenging as the concept of adherence is multi-dimensional. Some of these relate to attending exercise sessions, engaging in prescribed exercises, incorrect performance or forgetting the sequence of movements of the exercise programs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> There is also evidence that patients adhering to treatment protocols have better treatment outcomes than those who do not adhere which impacts negatively on clinical costs, rehabilitation staff and disease profiles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However patients are reluctant to engage in exercises and physical activities for fear of making their condition worse which leads to a state of inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> Therefore in clinical practice physiotherapists and nurses report poor adherence to programs and treatment in many disciplines.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13–15</span></a> Studies to determine patients’ adherence to exercises in the clinical setting is still uncertain and requires further investigation. Studies found that 14% of patients referred for physiotherapy for exercises did not return for follow-up outpatient appointments and that non-adherence with treatment and exercise performance could be as high as 70%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13,16</span></a> It is noted that physical activities are influenced by personal or internal factors which act as barriers and determine an individual's lifestyle as this serves as cognitive restrictions to physical activity.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> Some of the barriers that influence participation and adherence to exercise protocols relate to the patient's limited knowledge and benefits of exercises, low pain threshold and motivation to improve their quality of life. It was reported that successful participation and association with a rehabilitation program of exercises led to a positive mental status leading to functional physical improvements and social well-being.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">However, the public hospitals in Nigeria have rehabilitation resource constrains as there is a lack of exercise equipment, faulty machines and a shortage of healthcare professionals. This has an adverse impact on the patients attending the hospitals leading to poor adherence with exercise protocols.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is therefore a need to review and identify factors influencing participation and adherence to clinic-based exercises which are exercises performed in a hospital or clinical setting. This will help physiotherapists to identify and minimize challenges and barriers encountered with exercise in the clinic and improve patient participation and adherence especially with orthopedic rehabilitation. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to determine the participation and adherence to aerobic, strengthening and stretching exercises for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A secondary aim was to identify factors that serve as barriers for participation and adherence to exercises in the clinic by these patients.</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This Quasi-experimental study recruited hundred and thirty participants from the Murtala Mohammed Specialist Hospital (MMSH) in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. One hundred and five satisfied the inclusion criteria and were randomized in to three groups aerobic exercise group 35, strengthening exercise group 35 and stretching exercise group 35. Seventy participants adhered and completed the study (aerobic exercise group 28, strengthening exercise group 25 and stretching exercise group 17). Thirty-five participants did not complete the study and were not adhered to the exercise in the clinic (aerobic exercise group 7, strengthening exercise group 10 and stretching exercise group 18). These patients were referred for physiotherapy and musculoskeletal rehabilitation for OA of the knee. Inclusion criteria for participation were patients with either unilateral or bilateral OA of the knee, walking without walking aids and being able to interpret and complete the questionnaires. Exclusion criteria were those having surgery or orthopedic related injuries of the upper and lower limbs within the last six months, unstable balance, gait or contra-indications to participate in exercises and exercise programs.</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Instruments</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Adherence to exercises was assessed using the Patients’ Self-Report Scale of Adherence to Physiotherapy which has an internal consistency of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.7 and reliability of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">α</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.90 for knee OA.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a> This was adopted from Basset <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>and modified with 3-items scoring a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (as advised). Adherence to exercises with mean scores calculated as the sum of the patients’ score divided by the maximum score of 75 converted to a percentage for each patient was recorded weekly. As there is no “gold standard” for adherence,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21,22</span></a> studies in pharmacology found adherence of more than 80% had optimal clinical benefit.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> When comparing participation in exercises to medication, cognizance must be taken of the physical effort in the presence of pain, weakness of the muscles and muscles fatigue could affect adherence to exercises.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> Taking this into consideration the researchers were of the view that it was reasonable to rate adherence to a score of 70–100%.</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The factors influencing adherence to exercise therapy was assessed using a modified 12-item questionnaire adopted from Sluijs et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> which has a reliability of 0.94 for knee OA. This has a 4-point scale of 4 (Agree) to 1 (Disagree) with the highest score of 48 and lowest 12. The weekly score for each item was calculated with a total mean for all patients.</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Procedure</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ethical approval (HSMB/GEN/567/VOL.I) was obtained from the Kano State Hospital Management Board to conduct the study which conformed to the Helsinki Declaration standards of 1975 (revised 1983). Patients gave written consent to participate with all responses coded to assure anonymity and confidentiality of data. On entry into the study the demographic information of the participants was recorded. An administrator independent of the study randomized the patients equally into the aerobic, strengthening or stretching exercise groups using the Research Randomizer (Version 4.0).</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Exercise intervention</span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Evaluation of exercise feasibility and safety</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a safety precaution for functional exercise capacity prior to engaging in the exercise programs patients completed a 6-min walk test along the 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>m rectangular passage with no obstructions.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Patients were counseled for 10<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min on the relevance, benefits and potential risks of participating in exercises with OA of the knee followed by the relevant exercises for 20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min.</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Aerobic exercise group</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Those allocated to aerobic exercises cycled on the cycle ergometer for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min without resistance as a “warm up”, increased resistance at 10–15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and reduced resistance as a “cool” down period for 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min. The duration of the intervention was 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min per session, 3 times per week on alternate days for 5 weeks.</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">The strengthening exercises group</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The strengthening exercise group used the quadriceps bench for progressive resisted exercises for the quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles. Intensity of exercises was 40% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) or the maximal amount of weight that the individual could lift once through full range which were performed in 2 sets of 10 repetitions with resting intervals of 3–5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s between repetitions for the four muscle groups. The absolute load was adjusted to maintain the relative intensity of the training effect over 5 weeks. The duration of the intervention was 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min per session, 3 times per week on alternate days for 5 weeks.</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">The stretching exercises group</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stretching exercises for both lower limbs was done on a gymnasium mat with the patient lying prone for stretching of the anterior muscles and supine for the posterior muscles. For the anterior muscles, the knees were flexed and ankles grasped with the feet pulled toward the buttocks and held for 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>s. For the posterior muscles, the patient used a theraband to hold the ankle in dorsiflexion with the knee held in full extension and the limb raised with hip flexed through a range of 45–90° to stretch the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles. Patients were monitored for subjective fatigue, dyspnea, respiratory distress, profuse sweating, or unsteady gait during the exercise activities which were indications that they had reached maximum exertion.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> The duration of the intervention was 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min per session, 3 times per week on alternate days for 5 weeks.</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Data analyses</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 18) was used to analyze data. Descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation and percentages were used to portray data in tables. Chi-square was used for the association between adherence, level of pain and education and Pearson's correlation for the relationship between criteria and adherence to the exercises with statistical significance noted at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Results</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the 130 patients that were recruited 105 satisfied the inclusion criteria and 70 (66.7%) (mean age 62.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.8 years) adhered and completed the study while 35 (33.3%) did not completed the study and not adhered. Seventy-three (69.5%) of the patients had education at secondary or tertiary level and 61 (58.1%) had symptoms of OA for less than 2 years and 19 (18.1%) were obese as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>. Exercise adherence was aerobic 28 (80%); strengthening 25 (71%) and stretching 17 (48.5%) as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Post aerobic and strengthening exercises showed statistical significant decreases in pain with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.044 and strengthening <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.050 respectively. There was also a relationship between adherence to the exercises and education status with those having education adhering compared to those who did not with statistical significance noted at (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. Data for criteria influencing participation and adherence indicated statistical significance for ‘exercise difficulty’ with strengthening <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.040 and stretching <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.044 and forgetting the exercises in the strengthening group <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.049. Travel costs to the hospital showed statistical significance in all groups with no significance (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) for other factors as shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Discussion</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was designed to determine the challenges for participation and adherence for clinic-based exercises at public hospitals for patients with OA of the knee. The data from this study show that 70 (66.6%) adhered and completed the exercises. This supports the observation of therapists that patients are reluctant to engage in physical activities and exercises in the clinical setting. The rate of participation and adherence to exercises in this study was similar to other studies which recorded adherence above 60%<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27,10,16,28</span></a> and 70%.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> The lower participation and adherence rate in this study could relate to the study sample having KOA with musculoskeletal symptoms which are usually recurrent and episodic in nature. The knee joint is a weight bearing joint with the perception of pain having an ameliorating effect resulting in lower participation and adherence as noted in this study. The data of this study indicate that patients engaging in aerobic and strengthening exercises were statistical significantly adherent. A possible explanation for this high adherence rate could be that the use of the respective equipment motivated patients to participate in the exercises and positively influenced their participation and adherence. Within a sociological approach perceptions of barriers are a construct of the intra- and inter-personal levels which can be a statistical significant predictor of participation in physical activities. The perception of pain is commonly associated with non-adherence as patients think that they are making their condition worse.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12,17</span></a></p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study showed a statistical significant association between exercise participation and adherence related to a decrease in pain which is supported other studies.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29,30</span></a> Although this study supports the finding of Sowers et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> who reported that musculoskeletal pain influenced home-based exercise adherence another study by Sluijs et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> showed pain did not statistical significantly influence home-based exercise adherence. This discrepancy between studies could relate to patients perceiving that engaging in exercises could have negative consequences such as pain and stiffness which may be more prevalent in home based-exercises.</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, the statistical significant association between clinic-based exercise participation and adherence with a decrease in pain supports the notion that adherent patients had better treatment outcome than non-adherent patients. This is related to similar findings by Pisters et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> who reported that adherence to recommended exercises was statistical significantly associated with a decrease in pain. The lower adherence to the strengthening and stretching exercises respectively in this study could be attributed to the nature of the exercises. Physiologically when muscles are stressed under load and when being stretched such as during strengthening and stretching there is musculoskeletal pain which could be due to fatigue or overexertion (probably due to muscle weakness) which resulted in a lower rate of adherence as in this study. Physiotherapists could therefore prevent this by ensuring frequent rest periods during clinic-based exercises when using strengthening and stretching exercises.</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore, strategies to minimize pain are important and the use of analgesics, thermotherapy or cryotherapy prior to exercises may help to alleviate pain sufficiently, these may help patients to actively participate in either clinic-based or home-based exercises. It is also reported that motivational internal barriers predominate in developed countries while the perception of barriers to physical activities in developing countries is related to environmental factors like lack of facilities, places, and programs for physical activities which are considered to be external barriers. The concepts of an internal barrier such as the lack of motivation or the external barrier relating to a lack of time are potential barriers to physical activities.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As indicated by the data in this studies factors contributing to non-adherence related to patients forgetting or having difficulty performing the exercises. These findings are similar to that of Ogwumike et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> where adherence in stroke survivors showed difficulty with executing the exercises, pain and forgetting the sequence of the exercises influenced their adherence.</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patients engaging in strengthening exercises also tended to forget the sequence of the exercises and therefore it is important for the physiotherapists to minimize clinic-based exercise by avoiding complex exercises and prescribing simple and enjoyable activities. These could potentially minimize forgetting the sequence of the activities.</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this study, depression and helplessness did not statistical significantly influence adherence. This was in contrast to other studies where depression and helplessness were barriers to adherence.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16,29,33–35</span></a> Perhaps the prevalence of depression and helplessness among knee OA patients was lower compared to other conditions. Other factors signifying personal barrier such as ‘little time to exercise’ did not correlate with home based exercises as clinically-based exercises allocated adequate time for exercises. The results of this study also show that dependence on the physiotherapists such as ‘exercise is more important with the therapist’ and ‘therapist decides recovery’ had no statistical significant correlation with the scores for the participation and adherence to the exercises. This may relate to OA of the knee being a musculoskeletal condition which did not require the direct intervention of the physiotherapist.</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study on clinic-based exercise participation and adherence is in contrast to the study by Ogwumike et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> with home-based exercises which showed no relationship between adherence and level of education. This contrast might be due to the nature of the exercises and the equipment used in the hospital was more suitable for patients with a higher level of education.</p><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Conclusion and recommendation</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The results of this study show that the type of exercises and factors that influence participation and adherence to exercises must be considered by physiotherapists when prescribing exercises in their hospitals or clinical sites. Some of the factors associated with non-adherence to clinic-based exercises are patient's perception of pain when engaging in the exercises, difficulty with the sequence of the exercises and personal barriers such as travel costs to the hospital. Physiotherapists and rehabilitation professionals must therefore ensure that these factors are taken into account when designing exercises for these patients. It may also be beneficial if the importance of participation and adherence to exercises is enforced at every session of the program. It is also recommended that regular evaluation of participation and adherence to exercises and exercise programs be incorporated in physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs. This will enable these activities to be monitored and relevant changes made to ensure maximal benefit is obtained when patients engage in these activities. The limitations of this study were that patients were randomized into the relevant exercises and there may have been instances when they would have preferred an alternate exercise. The questionnaires were self-administered so some of the patient's responses may have been subjective.</p></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declared that no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1020620" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec978945" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres1020619" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec978944" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Instruments" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Procedure" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Exercise intervention" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Evaluation of exercise feasibility and safety" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Aerobic exercise group" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "The strengthening exercises group" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "The stretching exercises group" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Data analyses" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Results" ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Discussion" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Conclusion and recommendation" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack344690" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2017-07-02" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-10-30" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec978945" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Osteoarthritis, Knee" 1 => "Physiotherapy" 2 => "Patient Compliance" 3 => "Exercise adherence" 4 => "Exercise in the clinic" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec978944" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Osteoartitris, rodilla" 1 => "Fisioterapia" 2 => "Cumplimento del paciente" 3 => "Ejercicio adherencia" 4 => "Ejercicio en la clínica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objectives</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ensuring participation and adherence to exercises in the clinic poses a challenge for physiotherapists. This study was designed to identify the type and factors that influence participation and adherence to exercises by patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Material and method</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">This quasi-experimental study randomized 105 patients referred for physiotherapy for KOA into three groups. Patients were required to exercise either aerobically using a cycle ergometer, strengthening exercises using weights and a quadriceps bench or stretching exercises on a gymnasium mat. The exercises were over 5 weeks, 3 times per week and of 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min duration per session. The Self-Report Scale of Adherence to Physiotherapy was used to determine adherence to exercises and modified 12-item questionnaire for factors influencing adherence. Data were depicted using descriptive and inferential statistics with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05 statistical significance.</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Result</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 70 (66.7%) patients completed the study with a mean age of 62.4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10.8 years. Adherence to aerobic exercises was 28 (80%); strengthening 25 (71%) and stretching 17 (49%). The education level of the individuals and the decreased level of pain when engaging in the exercises had a statistically significant (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05) positive influence on participation and adherence. Travel costs to the hospital, forgetting the exercises and increasing pain while engaging in the exercises had a negative impact on participation and adherence to exercises in the clinic.</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Physiotherapists must consider the type, level of pain, complexity of exercises and travel costs when prescribing exercises in the clinic for patients with KOA. These are relevant factors for participation and adherence to exercises in the clinic.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" "titulo" => "Material and method" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" "titulo" => "Result" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0020" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] "es" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivos</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La participación y adherencia al ejercicio en clínica constituyen un reto para los fisioterapeutas. Este estudio fue diseñado para identificar el tipo y los factores que influyen en la participación y adherencia al ejercicio en pacientes con artrosis de rodilla (AR).</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Material y Método</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio casi-experimental participaron 105 pacientes remitidos a fisioterapia para AR, que fueron aleatorizados en tres grupos. Realizaron ejercicio aeróbico con cicloergómetro, fortalecimiento usando mancuernas y banco de cuádriceps o estiramientos durante más de 5 semanas, 3 veces por semana, 30 minutos por sesión. Se utilizó la Escala autoadministrada de Adherencia a la Fisioterapia y el cuestionario modificado para los factores que influyen en la adherencia. Se realizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial con una significación estadística p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05.</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Participaron 70 (66,7%) pacientes, con edad media de 62,4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>±<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10,8 años. La adherencia al ejercicio aeróbico fue de 28 (80%), de 25 (71%) en el fortalecimiento y de 17 (49%) en los estiramientos. El nivel educativo y el nivel de dolor reducido al realizar los ejercicios mostraron una influencia estadísticamente significativa (p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05) en la participación y adherencia. Los gastos de desplazamiento al hospital, el olvido de los ejercicios y el aumento del dolor con los ejercicios influyeron negativamente en la participación y adherencia.</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusión</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los fisioterapeutas deben considerar el tipo y nivel de dolor, la complejidad del ejercicio y los gastos de desplazamiento al prescribir ejercicios en pacientes con AR. Estos son factores relevantes para la participación y adherencia al ejercicio en clínica.</p></span>" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0025" "titulo" => "Objetivos" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0030" "titulo" => "Material y Método" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0035" "titulo" => "Resultados" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abst0040" "titulo" => "Conclusión" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span>, number of knee OA patients with specific variable; %, percent.</p>" "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Variables \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">N</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gender</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">40.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">59.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Level of education</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Non-education \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Primary/secondary \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">48 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">45.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Tertiary education \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Duration of symptoms (years)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>2–4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">20.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>4–6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14.3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>6–8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>>8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BMI (kg/m</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">)</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Normal \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">30.5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Overweight \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">54 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">51.4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Obese \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Affectation</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>One knee \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">58 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">55.2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Both knees \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heart rate</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70–90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">53.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>91–110 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">42.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥111 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Respiratory</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>15–20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">46 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">44.0% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>21–26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">31.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Blood pressure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systolic pressure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>100–120 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">26 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">24.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>121–140 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">65.7% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥141 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.5% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="table-entry " colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Diastolic pressure</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>70–80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>81–90 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">71.4% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≥91 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">15.3% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1734151.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of knee osteoarthritis patients in the study.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Type of exercise \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Number of participant \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Adherence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Non-adherence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Strengthening exercise \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (71%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (29%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Aerobic/bicycle ergometry \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">28 (80%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Stretching exercises \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">17 (49%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (51%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Total \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">105 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">70 (66.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (33.30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1734150.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Type of exercises and level of adherence.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Factors \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Strengthening exercise</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Stretching exercise</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Bicycle ergometry/aerobic exercise<br></th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Tiredness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.70 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.186 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.47 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Exercise is difficult \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.040<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.89 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.044<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Pain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.98 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.005<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.86 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.061 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.99 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.002<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Little time for treatment \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.378 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.92 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Depressed in clinic \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.03 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.954 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.62 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.72 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Forgetfulness \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.049<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.74 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.75 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Travel cost \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.020<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.032<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.61 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.039<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span></a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Exercise helps very little \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.09 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.35 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.56 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.29 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Therapist–patients interaction \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.85 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.69 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Therapist decides recovery \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.59 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.57 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Exercise is more important with therapist \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">−0.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">Exercise not helpful \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.77 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1734152.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "*" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Statistical significant correlation; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>≤<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p>" ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation between scores for each exercise in the clinic adherence and each item on patients attitude to exercise in the clinic adherence scale.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:35 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Physical activity levels and functional performance in the osteoarthritis initiative: a graded relationship" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "D.D. Dunlop" 1 => "J. Song" 2 => "P.A. Semanik" 3 => "L. Sharma" 4 => "R.W. Chang" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/art.27760.Physical" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Rheum" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "63" "paginaInicial" => "127" "paginaFinal" => "136" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20862681" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise in osteoarthritis: moving from prescription to adherence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.L. Bennell" 1 => "F. Dobson" 2 => "R.S. Hinman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.berh.2014.01.009" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "28" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adherence to rehabilitation in patients with low back pain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "G.S. Kolt" 1 => "J.F. McEvoy" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1356-689X(02)00156-X" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Man Ther" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "110" "paginaFinal" => "116" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890439" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The effect of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training on vascular function in type 2 diabetes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Maiorana" 1 => "G. O’Driscoll" 2 => "C. Cheetham" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0735-1097(01)01439-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Am Coll Cardiol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "860" "paginaFinal" => "866" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11527646" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Physical exercise induces excess hsp72 expression and delays the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in painful diabetic neuropathy rats" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "Y.W. Chen" 1 => "P.L. Hsieh" 2 => "Y.C. Chen" 3 => "C.H. Hung" 4 => "J.T. Cheng" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1213/ANE.0b013e318274e4a0" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Anesth Analg" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "116" "paginaInicial" => "482" "paginaFinal" => "490" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302966" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prevalence, impact and management of musculoskeletal disorders in older people living in care homes: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T.O. Smith" 1 => "R. Purdy" 2 => "S.K. Latham" 3 => "S.R. Kingsbury" 4 => "G. Mulley" 5 => "P.G. Conaghan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s00296-015-3322-1" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rheumatol Int" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "55" "paginaFinal" => "64" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26245357" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016510713000369" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165107" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Systematic review: strategies for using exercise therapy to improve outcomes in chronic low back pain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.A. Hayden" 1 => "M.W. Van Tulder" 2 => "G. Tomlinson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.7326/0003-4819-142-9-200505030-00014" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "142" "paginaInicial" => "776" "paginaFinal" => "785" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15867410" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Barriers to treatment adherence in physiotherapy outpatient clinics: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "K. Jack" 1 => "S.M. McLean" 2 => "J.K. Moffett" 3 => "E. Gardiner" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.math.2009.12.004" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Man Ther" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "220" "paginaFinal" => "228" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163979" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adherence to long-term therapies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "World Health Organization" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s13012-015-0235-z" "Libro" => array:1 [ "fecha" => "2003" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The Sport Injury Rehabilitation Adherence Scale: a reliable scale for use in clinical physiotherapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "G.S. Kolt" 1 => "B.W. Brewer" 2 => "T. Pizzari" 3 => "A.M.M. Schoo" 4 => "N. Garrett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.physio.2006.07.002" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physiotherapy" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "93" "paginaInicial" => "17" "paginaFinal" => "22" ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Patient adherence to treatment: three decades of research. A comprehensive review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "E. Vermeire" 1 => "H. Hearnshaw" 2 => "P. Van Royen" 3 => "J. Denekens" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1046/j.1365-2710.2001.00363.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Pharm Ther" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "331" "paginaFinal" => "342" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679023" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Physical activity among adults with diabetes mellitus in Rwanda" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "A.M. Kabanda" 1 => "J.S. Phillips" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Afr J Phys Heal Educ Recreat Danc" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "239" "paginaFinal" => "247" ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "DNAs and DNCTs – why do patients fail to begin or to complete a course of physiotherapy treatment?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "L.M. Vasey" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0031-9406(10)63052-0" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Physiotherapy" "fecha" => "1990" "volumen" => "76" "paginaInicial" => "575" "paginaFinal" => "578" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "S0003-9993(98)90059-4 [pii]" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combined exercise and motivation program: effect on the compliance and level of disability of patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M. Friedrich" 1 => "G. Gittler" 2 => "Y. Halberstadt" 3 => "T. Cermak" 4 => "I. Heiller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Phys Med Rehabil" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "79" "paginaInicial" => "475" "paginaFinal" => "487" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9596385" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016510712025679" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165107" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Why don’t patients do their exercises? Understanding non-compliance with physiotherapy in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R. Campbell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/jech.55.2.132" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Epidemiol Commun Heal" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "55" "paginaInicial" => "132" "paginaFinal" => "138" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Correlates of exercise compliance in physical therapy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E.M. Sluijs" 1 => "G.J. Kok" 2 => "J. van der Zee" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Phys Ther" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "73" "paginaInicial" => "771" "paginaFinal" => "776" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8234458" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1542356511011542" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "15423565" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Barriers to physical activity in East Harlem, New York" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.M. Fox" 1 => "D.M. Mann" 2 => "M.A. Ramos" 3 => "L.C. Kleinman" 4 => "C.R. Horowitz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1155/2012/719140" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Obes" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "2012" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22701782" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Internatio(4)" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Rehabilitation program for the quality of life for individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a short report" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "S.S. Maharaj" 1 => "V. Chetty" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/MRR.0b013e32834d2bab" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Rehabil Res" "fecha" => "2011" "paginaInicial" => "360" "paginaFinal" => "365" ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "comentario" => "Doctoral dissertation" "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Action and coping plans as strategies to improve exercise adherence in people with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee joint" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D. O’Brien" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "fecha" => "2010" "paginaInicial" => "234" "paginaFinal" => "254" "editorial" => "Auckland University of Technology" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The assessment of patient adherence to physiotherapy rehabilitation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.F. Bassett" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4172/2165-7025.1000e124" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Z J Physiother" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "31" "paginaInicial" => "60" "paginaFinal" => "66" ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationship of blood pressure control to adherence with antihypertensive monotherapy in 13 Managed Care Organizations" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "T.J. Bramley" 1 => "P.P. Gerbino" 2 => "B.S. Nightengale" 3 => "F. Frech-tamas" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.18553/jmcp.2006.12.3.239" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Manag Care Pharm" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "239" "paginaFinal" => "245" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16623608" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adherence to medication" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "L. Osterberg" 1 => "T. Blaschke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1056/NEJMra050100" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "N Engl J Med" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "353" "paginaInicial" => "487" "paginaFinal" => "497" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16079372" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Nonadherence and subsequent hospitalization among individuals with type 2 diabetes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D. Lau" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2337/diacare.27.9.2149" "Revista" => array:3 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Classif" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "27" ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Factors influencing adherence to home-based exercise by stroke survivors in North Western Nigeria" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Ogwumike" 1 => "U. Badaru" 2 => "A. Adeniyi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5455/ijtrr.00000023" "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Ther Rehabil Res" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "8" ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The six-minute walk test" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P.L. Enright" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respir Care" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "783" "paginaFinal" => "785" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12890299" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impaired exercise tolerance in hypertensive patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P.O. Lim" 1 => "R.J. MacFadyen" 2 => "P.B.M. Clarkson" 3 => "T.M. MacDonald" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Intern Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "124" "paginaInicial" => "41" "paginaFinal" => "55" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7503477" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Knee osteoarthritis in obese women with cardiometabolic clustering" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Sowers" 1 => "C.A. Karvonen-Gutierrez" 2 => "R. Palmieri-Smith" 3 => "J.A. Jacobson" 4 => "Y. Jiang" 5 => "J.A. Ashton-Miller" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/art.24739" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Care Res" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "1328" "paginaFinal" => "1336" ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The relationship between adherence to hand therapy and short-term outcome after distal radius fracture" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "N. Taylor" 1 => "T. Pizzari" 2 => "A. Lyngcoln" 3 => "P.T. Hons" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1197/j.jht.2004.10.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Hand Ther" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "18" "paginaInicial" => "2" "paginaFinal" => "8" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15674780" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise maintenance of persons with arthritis after participation in a class experience" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.A. Minor" 1 => "J.D. Brown" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1177/109019819302000108" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heal Educ Behav" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "83" "paginaFinal" => "95" ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adherence during an individualized home based 12-week exercise program in women with fibromyalgia" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Fitzcharles" 1 => "I.L. Lowensteyn Patricia Dobkin" 2 => "D. Da Costa" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Rheumatol" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "333" "paginaFinal" => "341" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16465666" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exercise adherence improving long-term patient outcome in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and/or knee" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M.F. Pisters" 1 => "C. Veenhof" 2 => "F.G. Schellevis" 3 => "J.W. Twisk" 4 => "J. Dekker" 5 => "D.H. De Bakker" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/acr.20182" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "62" "paginaInicial" => "1087" "paginaFinal" => "1094" ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Perceived barriers to weight loss programs for overweight or obese women" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "N. Sharifi" 1 => "R. Mahdavi" 2 => "M. Ebrahimi-Mameghani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5681/hpp.2013.002" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Heal Promot Perspect" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "22" ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Compliance to exercise therapy in older participants with knee osteoarthritis: implications for treating disability" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "W.J. Rejeski" 1 => "L.R. Brawley" 2 => "W. Ettinger" 3 => "T. Morgan" 4 => "C. Thompson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/00005768-199708000-00001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Med Sci Sports Exerc" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "977" "paginaFinal" => "985" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9268953" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Predictors of exercise behaviors among fibromyalgia patients" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "K. Oliver" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1006/pmed.2002.1084" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prev Med (Baltim)" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "35" "paginaInicial" => "383" "paginaFinal" => "389" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0016510706801264" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "00165107" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0350" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Gender and exercise behavior among women and men with osteoarthritis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "D.M. Castaneda" 1 => "S. Bigatti" 2 => "T.A. Cronan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1300/J013v27n04_03" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Women Health" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "33" "paginaFinal" => "53" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9796083" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack344690" "titulo" => "Acknowledgements" "texto" => "<p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors are grateful to all participants, the management of Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospitals, Kano and Jibril Mohammad, Mercè Balasch I Bernat for the translation of title and abstract to Spanish.</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/02115638/0000004000000003/v1_201804290431/S0211563817301293/v1_201804290431/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "8924" "tipo" => "SECCION" "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Originales" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/02115638/0000004000000003/v1_201804290431/S0211563817301293/v1_201804290431/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0211563817301293?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
Información de la revista
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Original
Overcoming challenges for exercise in the clinic, participation and adherence by patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Superar los desafíos para el ejercicio en la clínica, la participación y la adherencia de los pacientes con osteoartritis de la rodilla