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Vol. 99. Núm. 2.
Páginas 44-48 (enero 2002)
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Vol. 99. Núm. 2.
Páginas 44-48 (enero 2002)
Acceso a texto completo
Anemias Sideroblásticas
Sideroblastic anemias
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76193
A. Cánovas, R. de la Prieta, J.J. Alonso, C. Ruiz, T. Pereira, C. Aguirre
Servicio y Cátedra de Medicina Interna. UPV/EHU. Hospital de Cruces. Barakaldo.
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Resumen

En las anemias sideroblásticas el trastorno común a todas ellas es la alteración de la síntesis del hemo en los precursores eritroides de la médula ósea, con depósito de hierro en las mitocondrias constituyendo los denominados sideroblastos en anillo. Las causas son diversas siendo las más frecuentes las adquiridas como alteración clonal de la eritropoyesis formando parte de los síndromes mielodisplásicos. Las hereditarias son raras y afectan sobre todo a varones con una herencia ligada al cromosoma X. Por último hay algunas reversibles como las asociadas al abuso de alcohol y a la ingesta de algunos fármacos. El tratamiento depende de la causa pero en todas ellas es preciso además de controlar la anemia sintomática, prevenir el daño orgánico por la sobrecarga de hierro.

Abstract

The common feature of all sideroblastic anemias is the alteration of hem synthesis in erytroid precursors of the bone marrow; this gives rise to the deposit of iron inside the motochondria, leading to the formation of the so called ring sideroblasts. Causes are diverse though acquired anemias are far more frequent, for example myelodisplastic syndromes which present a clonal alteration of erythoripiesis. Seldom we find hereditary anemias, mostly affecting males, following a pattern of X-linked transmission. Finally we should point some reversible ones, such as the associated with alcohol abuse and some drug intake. Treatment depends on the cause but in every case it is required besides controlling symptomatic anemia to forsee organic damage due to iron overcharge.

Laburpena

Anemia sideroblastiko guztiek trastorno bera dute komunean: hezur-muineko prekursore eritroideetan gertatzen den herm-aren sintesiaren alterazioa, eraztun formako sideroblastoak eratzen dituen mitokondrietako burdina metaketarekin. Kausak askotarikoak badira ere, ohikoenak sindrome mielodiplastikoetako eritropoiesiaren alterazio zional modura hartutakoak dira. Herentziaz hartutakoak oso bakanak dira, eta batik bat X kromosomarekin lotutako herentziaren bat duten gizonezkoei erasaten diete. Azkenik, anemia sideroblastiko itzulgarriak aipatu beharko lirateke, hala nola gehiegizko alkoholaren eta botika jakin batzuen kontsumoarekin lotutakoak. Tratamendua kausaren araberakoa bada ere, ezinbestekoa da haietan guztietan anemia sintomatikoa kontrolatzea, burdina gainkargaregatiko kalte organikoa prebenitzea.

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