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Vol. 35. Núm. S2.
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la fibrosis hepática mediante marcadores séricos directos (ELF)
Páginas 23-29 (diciembre 2012)
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Vol. 35. Núm. S2.
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la fibrosis hepática mediante marcadores séricos directos (ELF)
Páginas 23-29 (diciembre 2012)
Diagnóstico y seguimiento de la fibrosis hepática mediante marcadores séricos directos (ELF)
Acceso a texto completo
Detección precoz de la enfermedad hepática crónica en población adulta aparentemente sana en atención primaria
Early detection of chronic liver disease in primary care in the apparently health adult population
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5452
Llorenç Caballería
Autor para correspondencia
lcaballeria.bnm.ics@gencat.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
, Pere Torán
Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, IDIAP Jordi Gol, CIBERehd, Mataró, Barcelona, España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

Las enfermedades hepáticas son muy prevalentes y constituyen un problema sanitario de gran magnitud, ya que evolucionan hacia formas severas. En los países occidentales, la cirrosis y el cáncer primitivo de hígado se encuentran entre las 10 primeras causas de muerte entre los adultos. Además, la inflamación crónica del hígado, independientemente de la etiología, se encuentra asintomática en la mayoría de los casos; ello implica que su diagnóstico se realiza cuando ésta se encuentra en fases avanzadas, muchas veces en situación de irreversibilidad y con pocas posibilidades de tratamiento. Por lo tanto, lo ideal sería identificar a los pacientes en fases iniciales de la inflamación crónica del hígado, lo cual permitirá incidir de manera efectiva en su historia natural, y detener o retrasar su evolución. Hasta ahora nos basamos en la alteración de las pruebas de función hepática, ya sea para conocer la etiología, así como, según el grado de afectación, la presencia de una enfermedad hepática, o bien a través de los hallazgos de la ecografía abdominal que sugieren la presencia de cambios sugestivos de hepatopatía crónica. Sin embargo, desde hace unos años se han diseñado unos métodos no invasivos, tanto marcadores serológicos (directos e indirectos) de fibrosis como radiológicos (especialmente la elastografía) basados en la medición de la elasticidad hepática, que permiten cuantificar de forma no invasiva el grado de tejido fibroso presente en el hígado. Por ello, la utilización de métodos no invasivos puede ser una herramienta muy útil para la detección precoz de enfermedades hepáticas.

Palabras clave:
Fibrosis hepática
Cirrosis hepática
Hígado graso no alcohólico
Ecografía abdominal
Atención primaria
No invasivo
Elastografía
Fibroscan
Abstract

Liver diseases are highly prevalent and are a major health problem as they progress to more severe forms. In the west, cirrhosis and primitive liver cancer are among the first 10 causes of death in adults. Moreover, chronic liver inflammation, irrespective of cause, is usually asymptomatic. Consequently diagnosis tends to be established when the disease is in the advanced stages and is thus irreversible and with few treatment possibilities. Therefore, ideally, diagnosis would be established in the initial phases of chronic liver inflammation, which would allow the natural history of the disease to be altered by either halting or delaying progression. To date, physicians have been guided by alterations in liver function tests to identify the etiology of liver disease or-depending on the severity of involvement-the presence of liver disease. Abdominal ultrasound findings can also reveal alterations suggesting the presence of chronic liver disease. However, in the last few years, noninvasive methods have been designed. These include serological markers (direct and indirect) of fibrosis and radiological tests (especially elastography) based on measuring liver elasticity, which allow noninvasive quantification of the degree of fibrous tissue in the liver. The use of noninvasive methods may be highly useful in the early detection of liver diseases.

Keywords:
Liver fibrosis
Liver cirrhosis
Nonalcoholic fatty liver
Abdominal ultrasound
Primary care
Noninvasive
Elastography
Fibroscan
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Copyright © 2012. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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