Información del artículo
Resumen
La leishmaniasis es una enfermedad endémica en 98 países, con más de 350 millones de personas en riesgo de adquirir la infección y 12 millones de casos. Los antimonios pentavalentes, la anfotericina B y la miltefosina han sido el tratamiento de elección para todas las formas de leishmaniasis. Sin embargo, desventajas como el alto costo, la duración del tratamiento y los efectos tóxicos asociados, promueven la falta de cumplimiento del tratamiento o su abandono y la aparición de cepas resistentes o poco sensibles al medicamento. Estos factores han estimulado la búsqueda de alternativas terapéuticas que sean económicas, sin efectos adversos y con resultados cosméticos favorables. La fototerapia es un procedimiento en el cual un agente fotosensibilizador, al ser activado por luz da lugar a la producción de especies reactivas del oxígeno. Este tratamiento utilizado en varias formas de cáncer, herpes y otras enfermedades e infecciones localizadas, surge como una prometedora estrategia para la leishmaniasis cutánea, con amplias ventajas como bajo costo, fácil manejo y resolución total de la lesión, haciéndola favorable frente a otras alternativas de manejo de la enfermedad.
Palabras clave:
fototerapia
Leishmania spp
agente fotosensibilizador
luz
especies reactivas de oxígeno
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an endemic disease in 98 countries around the world, with 12 million cases and more than 350 million people at risk of acquiring infection. Available drugs such as pentavalent antimony, amphotericin B and miltefosine, have been the treatment of choice for all clinical forms of leishmaniasis. However, disadvantages such as high cost, duration of treatment and toxicity, promote non-adherence or neglect of treatment and the emergence of resistant or less sensitive to medicine. These problems have stimulated the search of new therapeutic alternatives that are affordable, without adverse effects and favorable cosmetic results. Phototherapy is a procedure in which an agent photosensitizer when activated by light leads to production reactive oxygen species. This therapy used in the treatment of various forms of cancer, herpes and other and localized infectious diseases, is emerging as a promising strategy for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis with large advantages such as low cost, easy handling and total resolution injury, becoming a very promising alternative compared to the traditional treatment approaches.
Key words:
photodynamic therapy
Leishmania spp
agent photosensitizer
light
reactive oxygen species
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