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Vol. 15. Núm. 3.
Páginas 147-154 (septiembre 2011)
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Vol. 15. Núm. 3.
Páginas 147-154 (septiembre 2011)
Open Access
Resistencia a los antibióticos en Escherichia coli con beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido en un hospital de la Orinoquia colombiana
Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli with extended spectrum beta - lactamase in a hospital at the Colombian Orinoquia
Visitas
2758
Norton Pérez1,2,3,
Autor para correspondencia
naperez2000@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Km 1 Vía Acacias - Anillo Vial. Facultad de Medicina, Villavicencio, Colombia. Tel.:éfono y fax: (5786) 682-9580.
, Norma Pavas1,2, Emma Isabel Rodríguez2,3
1 Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, Villavicencio, Colombia
2 Grupo de Investigación de Villavicencio, Villavicencio,Colombia
3 Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Villavicencio, Colombia
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Resumen
Objetivo

Analizar la resistencia de Escherichia coli a los antibióticos de acuerdo con la presencia de beta-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE).

Materiales y métodos

Estudio descriptivo y de corte transversal, en el Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, centro de atención de mediana y alta complejidad. La población de estudio fueron los pacientes con cultivos positivos para E. coli. La variable de estudio fue la resistencia a ceftazidima, cefotaxima y clavulanato. Se confirmó la presencia de BLEE y la resistencia a otros antibióticos.

Resultados

Se tamizaron 29.451 estudios de microbiología, de los cuales 26,7% fueron positivos. Se identificaron 77,6% como Gram negativos y 2.551 (41,8%) como E. coli. De los cultivos, 65,1% se obtuvieron de orina; 9,5% fueron resistentes a ceftazidima y 8,7% a cefotaxime. En los aislamientos de orina, la resistencia de E. coli a ceftazidima fue de 6,5%, mientras que, en aspirados traqueales, fue de 35,0% (OR=7,98; p<0,05). Se hicieron 315 pruebas confirmatorias para BLEE con equipo Vitek® y 506 con AutoScan®. La mayor cantidad de muestras se obtuvieron de la consulta externa (34,0%) y, aunque allí se encontró un número significativo de BLEE (6,9%), hubo mayor resistencia en la unidad neonatal (16,9%). La resistencia a ampicilina, cefalotina, ciprofloxacina, gentamicina y trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, fue alta. El 7,1% de las pruebas confirmatorias con clavulanato fueron positivas para BLEE.

Conclusiones

El estudio demostró una frecuencia de 7,1% de BLEE en esta institución. Hubo servicios con mayor riesgo, como el de neonatos, aunque el fenómeno no se limitaba al ambiente hospitalario. También, se encontró un pequeño porcentaje que fue resistente a carbapenem.

Key words:
sensitivity tests
Escherichia coli
humans
phenotype
beta-lactamases
Colombia
Palabras clave:
pruebas de sensibilidad microbiana
Escherichia coli
humanos
fenotipo
beta-lactamasas
Colombia
Abstract
Objective

To analyze antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli according to the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase.

Design

A cross sectional descriptive study.

Setting

Hospital Departamental de Villavicencio, a State center of second and tertiary care.

Study population

Positive cultures for E. coli were analyzed between September 2005 and November 2009.

Interventions

None.

Study variable

Ceftazidime and cefotaxime resistance with and without clavulanate.

Outcomes

Confirmation of ESBL test and resistance to other antimicrobials.

Results

From the 29,451 microbiological samples that were screened, 26.7% were positive. 77.6% were identified as Gram negative and 2,551 (41.8%) were typified as E. coli. 65.1% isolations were from urine samples and 9.5 and 8.7% of them were resistant to ceftazidime and cefotaxime, respectively. 6.5% of urine samples were resistant to ceftazidime, but it raised to 35% for tracheal aspirate (OR 7.98 p<0.05). Three hundred and fifteen confirmatory tests for ESBL were performed with Vitek® and 506 with AutoScan®. Most samples were ambulatory patients (34.0%) and a significant number of them were positive for ESBL (6.9%), but it was higher at the newborn ward (16.9%). Resistance was high for antimicrobials commonly used for infections by this microorganism such as ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Confirmatory ESBL test was 7.1%.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates a 7.1% frequency of ESBL at this hospital but the samples from newborn ward showed a higher frequency of ESBL; nevertheless, the issue is not restricted to hospitalized patients. We also found a small number of isolations resistant to carbapenem.

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