Association of blood group A with hospital comorbidity in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

Background and objectives

In the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, identifying which risk factors are associated with the most serious forms of the disease is important. Blood group A has been presented in various studies as a poor prognostic factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients with blood group A were associated with more important comorbidities, measured by the Charlson Index, which may explain their worse clinical evolution.

Patients and methods

A prospective and consecutive study examined 100 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted in March 2020. A multivariate linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of blood group A with the Charlson Index.

Results

Patients in group A had a higher Charlson Index (P = .037), rate of lymphopenia (P = .039) and thrombopenia (P = .014), and hospital mortality (P = .044). Blood group A was an independent factor associated with the Charlson Index (B 0.582, 95% CI 0.02–1.14, P = .041).

Conclusions

Group A was independently associated with greater comorbidity, associated with an increase of 0.582 points in the Charlson Index compared to other blood groups. It was also associated with lower hospital mortality.

Resumen

Fundamento y objetivos

En la pandemia provocada por SARS-CoV-2, es importante identificar qué factores de riesgo se asocian a las formas más graves de la enfermedad. El grupo sanguíneo A se ha presentado en diversos estudios como factor de mal pronóstico. El objetivo de este estudio radica en evaluar si los pacientes de grupo sanguíneo O asocian comorbilidades más importantes, medido por el Índice de Charlson, que puedan justificar también su peor evolución clínica.

Pacientes y método

Estudio prospectivo y consecutivo con 100 pacientes diagnosticados de COVID-19 ingresados en marzo de 2020. Se empleó un modelo de regresión lineal multivariante para evaluar la asociación del grupo sanguíneo A con el Índice de Charlson.

Resultados

Los pacientes del grupo A presentaron mayor Índice de Charlson (P = .037), linfopenia (P = .039), trombopenia (P = .014) y mortalidad hospitalaria (P = .044).

El grupo sanguíneo A demostró ser un factor independiente asociado a dicho índice [B 0.582, IC 95% (0.02–1.14), P = .041].

Conclusiones

El grupo A se asocia de forma independiente a mayor comorbilidad, asociando un incremento de 0.582 puntos en el índice de Charlson con respecto al resto de grupos sanguíneos. Además, asocia una tendencia de menor mortalidad hospitalaria.