Catástrofes neurológicas
Encefalitis agudas
Acute encephalitis
J.C. García-Moncó
Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, País Vasco, España
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Gilo Arrojo, A. Herrera Muñoz, B. Anciones" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F." "apellidos" => "Gilo Arrojo" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Herrera Muñoz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "B." "apellidos" => "Anciones" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S021348531070044X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02134853/00000025000000S1/v1_201305151047/S021348531070044X/v1_201305151047/es/main.assets" ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Catástrofes neurológicas</span>" "titulo" => "Encefalitis agudas" "tieneTextoCompleto" => 0 "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "17" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "J.C. García-Moncó" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J.C." "apellidos" => "García-Moncó" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "hospit05@sarenet.es" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, País Vasco, España" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Acute encephalitis" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec157310" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Encefalitis" 1 => "Virus del herpes simple" 2 => "Herpesvirus" 3 => "Virus del Nilo Occidental" 4 => "Virus de la Toscana" 5 => "Encefalitis herpética" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec157311" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Encephalitis" 1 => "Herpes simplex virus" 2 => "Herpesvirus" 3 => "West Nile virus" 4 => "Toscana virus" 5 => "Herpes encephalitis" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La encefalitis aguda es una emergencia médica de etiología variada, aunque en su mayoría es viral. Un porcentaje elevado queda sin un diagnóstico etiológico específico debido al gran número de agentes causales. La causa más frecuente de encefalitis esporádica en todo el mundo es el virus del herpes simple tipo 1, aunque en determinadas localizaciones es importante considerar determinados agentes locales, como el virus del Nilo Occidental o la encefalitis transmitida por garrapata, entre otros.</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los pacientes con encefalitis requieren cuidados generales, con especial énfasis en los problemas respiratorios derivados del deterioro del nivel de consciencia, las crisis epilépticas y la hipertensión intracraneal secundaria al edema cerebral.</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La encefalitis herpética tiene una incidencia de 4 casos por millón de habitantes. La presentación clínica junto al EEG, la RM y el análisis del LCR son claves en su diagnóstico. La PCR en el LCR es altamente sensible y específica (> 95%), aunque puede ser negativa en los primeros 3 días de enfermedad. El tratamiento de elección en la actualidad es el aciclovir intravenoso, a una dosis de 10 mg/kg/8 h, durante 10-21 días. En casos de resistencia, el foscarnet es una alternativa.</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los arbovirus constituyen otro importante grupo etiológico en las encefalitis. Son zoonosis transmitidas por mosquitos o garrapatas e incluyen los alfa-virus, los bunyavirus (el virus de la Toscana y otros) y los flavivirus. Entre estos últimos destaca el virus del Nilo Occidental. No hay tratamiento específico y el diagnóstico se basa en la serología o la PCR dependiendo del tipo de virus.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Acute encephalitis can be due to many causes, although most are viral, and is a medical emergency. A significant percentage remains without a definitive diagnosis due to the large number of etiologic agents. The single most frequent cause of sporadic encephalitis around the world is herpes simplex virus type 1, although in certain locations diverse local agents should be considered such as West Nile virus or tick-borne encephalitis, among others.</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patients with encephalitis require intense care measures with special emphasis on respiratory problems secondary to a depressed level of consciousness, seizures, and intracranial hypertension due to cerebral edema.</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Herpes encephalitis has an incidence of 4 cases per million inhabitants. Clinical presentation, together with electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings are critical to establish a diagnosis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in CSF is highly sensitive and specific (> 95%), but the results can be negative during the first 3 days of the disease. The treatment of choice is currently acyclovir 10 mg/kg/8 h for 10-21 days. Whenever resistance is suspected, foscarnet is an alternative.</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The family of arboviruses represents another important etiologic group of encephalities. These are zoonotic diseases transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and include alphaviruses, bunyaviruses (Toscana virus and others) and flaviviruses. The West Nile virus belongs to the latter group. There is no specific therapy and diagnosis is based on serology and PCR depending on the suspected virus.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:20 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Noviembre | 134 | 46 | 180 |
| 2024 Octubre | 1126 | 313 | 1439 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 1141 | 324 | 1465 |
| 2024 Agosto | 1102 | 271 | 1373 |
| 2024 Julio | 1090 | 325 | 1415 |
| 2024 Junio | 1092 | 290 | 1382 |
| 2024 Mayo | 1436 | 397 | 1833 |
| 2024 Abril | 1235 | 364 | 1599 |
| 2024 Marzo | 1120 | 349 | 1469 |
| 2024 Febrero | 1198 | 391 | 1589 |
| 2024 Enero | 1166 | 311 | 1477 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 1060 | 354 | 1414 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 1524 | 527 | 2051 |
| 2023 Octubre | 1690 | 599 | 2289 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 1532 | 462 | 1994 |
| 2023 Agosto | 1251 | 451 | 1702 |
| 2023 Julio | 1215 | 510 | 1725 |
| 2023 Junio | 1305 | 522 | 1827 |
| 2023 Mayo | 1289 | 533 | 1822 |
| 2023 Abril | 902 | 436 | 1338 |
| 2023 Marzo | 810 | 467 | 1277 |
| 2023 Febrero | 817 | 481 | 1298 |
| 2023 Enero | 688 | 377 | 1065 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 661 | 409 | 1070 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 1054 | 716 | 1770 |
| 2022 Octubre | 1059 | 694 | 1753 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 975 | 698 | 1673 |
| 2022 Agosto | 946 | 748 | 1694 |
| 2022 Julio | 756 | 559 | 1315 |
| 2022 Junio | 775 | 611 | 1386 |
| 2022 Mayo | 831 | 736 | 1567 |
| 2022 Abril | 817 | 690 | 1507 |
| 2022 Marzo | 970 | 700 | 1670 |
| 2022 Febrero | 884 | 629 | 1513 |
| 2022 Enero | 1008 | 493 | 1501 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 604 | 476 | 1080 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 959 | 723 | 1682 |
| 2021 Octubre | 1118 | 768 | 1886 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 1023 | 775 | 1798 |
| 2021 Agosto | 837 | 636 | 1473 |
| 2021 Julio | 1092 | 662 | 1754 |
| 2021 Junio | 838 | 602 | 1440 |
| 2021 Mayo | 974 | 781 | 1755 |
| 2021 Abril | 2165 | 1846 | 4011 |
| 2021 Marzo | 1400 | 948 | 2348 |
| 2021 Febrero | 927 | 712 | 1639 |
| 2021 Enero | 803 | 530 | 1333 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 668 | 500 | 1168 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 791 | 630 | 1421 |
| 2020 Octubre | 601 | 500 | 1101 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 581 | 499 | 1080 |
| 2020 Agosto | 620 | 553 | 1173 |
| 2020 Julio | 547 | 499 | 1046 |
| 2020 Junio | 547 | 417 | 964 |
| 2020 Mayo | 625 | 625 | 1250 |
| 2020 Abril | 727 | 581 | 1308 |
| 2020 Marzo | 676 | 619 | 1295 |
| 2020 Febrero | 768 | 744 | 1512 |
| 2020 Enero | 642 | 513 | 1155 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 544 | 488 | 1032 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 958 | 749 | 1707 |
| 2019 Octubre | 1107 | 1008 | 2115 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 1052 | 1012 | 2064 |
| 2019 Agosto | 608 | 741 | 1349 |
| 2019 Julio | 788 | 777 | 1565 |
| 2019 Junio | 783 | 847 | 1630 |
| 2019 Mayo | 932 | 1266 | 2198 |
| 2019 Abril | 797 | 1069 | 1866 |
| 2019 Marzo | 551 | 1471 | 2022 |
| 2019 Febrero | 447 | 1465 | 1912 |
| 2019 Enero | 304 | 1017 | 1321 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 334 | 938 | 1272 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 644 | 1393 | 2037 |
| 2018 Octubre | 747 | 860 | 1607 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 452 | 662 | 1114 |
| 2018 Agosto | 244 | 1205 | 1449 |
| 2018 Julio | 210 | 947 | 1157 |
| 2018 Junio | 236 | 943 | 1179 |
| 2018 Mayo | 265 | 978 | 1243 |
| 2018 Abril | 376 | 819 | 1195 |
| 2018 Marzo | 211 | 754 | 965 |
| 2018 Febrero | 151 | 587 | 738 |
| 2018 Enero | 105 | 574 | 679 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 122 | 512 | 634 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 200 | 934 | 1134 |
| 2017 Octubre | 187 | 859 | 1046 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 162 | 812 | 974 |
| 2017 Agosto | 129 | 747 | 876 |
| 2017 Julio | 186 | 638 | 824 |
| 2017 Junio | 200 | 848 | 1048 |
| 2017 Mayo | 206 | 688 | 894 |
| 2017 Abril | 202 | 802 | 1004 |
| 2017 Marzo | 266 | 1193 | 1459 |
| 2017 Febrero | 505 | 827 | 1332 |
| 2017 Enero | 316 | 650 | 966 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 148 | 603 | 751 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 273 | 933 | 1206 |
| 2016 Octubre | 341 | 994 | 1335 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 370 | 1165 | 1535 |
| 2016 Agosto | 211 | 1217 | 1428 |
| 2016 Julio | 186 | 564 | 750 |
| 2016 Junio | 179 | 915 | 1094 |
| 2016 Mayo | 164 | 910 | 1074 |
| 2016 Abril | 220 | 863 | 1083 |
| 2016 Marzo | 185 | 682 | 867 |
| 2016 Febrero | 188 | 509 | 697 |
| 2016 Enero | 201 | 450 | 651 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 210 | 364 | 574 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 404 | 622 | 1026 |
| 2015 Octubre | 328 | 573 | 901 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 404 | 538 | 942 |
| 2015 Agosto | 321 | 384 | 705 |
| 2015 Julio | 451 | 386 | 837 |
| 2015 Junio | 316 | 250 | 566 |
| 2015 Mayo | 490 | 230 | 720 |
| 2015 Abril | 438 | 195 | 633 |
| 2015 Marzo | 401 | 37 | 438 |
| 2015 Febrero | 300 | 13 | 313 |
| 2015 Enero | 208 | 9 | 217 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 186 | 20 | 206 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 302 | 14 | 316 |
| 2014 Octubre | 274 | 19 | 293 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 246 | 28 | 274 |
| 2014 Agosto | 166 | 14 | 180 |
| 2014 Julio | 126 | 22 | 148 |
| 2014 Junio | 144 | 20 | 164 |
| 2014 Mayo | 123 | 23 | 146 |
| 2014 Abril | 111 | 13 | 124 |
| 2014 Marzo | 124 | 31 | 155 |
| 2014 Febrero | 105 | 16 | 121 |
| 2014 Enero | 129 | 17 | 146 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 89 | 16 | 105 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 154 | 41 | 195 |
| 2013 Octubre | 91 | 42 | 133 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 61 | 42 | 103 |
| 2013 Agosto | 75 | 65 | 140 |
| 2013 Julio | 38 | 33 | 71 |
| 2010 Septiembre | 1469 | 0 | 1469 |
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