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REVISIÓN
Hallazgos electrofisiológicos precoces en síndrome Fisher-Bickerstaff
Early electrophysiological findings in Fisher-Bickerstaff syndrome
M.A. Alberti, M. Povedano, J. Montero, C. Casasnovas
Autor para correspondencia
carloscasasnovas@bellvitgehospital.cat

Autor para correspondencia.
Unidad de Neuromuscular, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L’ Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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que se unen a regiones paranodales de los nervios oculomotores&#44; ganglios dorsales&#44; y a husos musculares&#44; donde no existe barrera hematoencef&#225;lica &#40;BHE&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#46; La presencia de disfunci&#243;n del SNC en estos pacientes se ha relacionado con la alteraci&#243;n de la BHE mediada por metaloproteinasas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Hist&#243;ricamente&#44; diversos trabajos han discutido sobre la naturaleza axonal o desmielinizante de la neuropat&#237;a subyacente en el FBS&#46; La mayor&#237;a de los estudios demuestran la presencia de una afectaci&#243;n del sistema nervioso perif&#233;rico en forma de neuropat&#237;a generalmente de perfil axonal&#44; si bien en algunos casos se demuestran hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos de desmielinizaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;12-17</span></a>&#46; Estudios m&#225;s recientes apoyan la presencia de una neuropat&#237;a axonal o no primariamente desmielinizante con presencia&#44; al igual que en la neuropat&#237;a motora axonal aguda &#40;AMAN&#41;&#44; de bloqueo de conducci&#243;n reversible en nervios sensitivos y motores&#46; Ello explicar&#237;a la mejor&#237;a de la amplitud de los potenciales obtenidos en estudios seriados y coloca el SFB en el espectro de las paranodopat&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diversos estudios han evaluado el estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico realizado en un estadio precoz en SMF<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0200"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#44;17-19</span></a>&#46; Dicho estudio&#44; aunque con frecuencia puede no ser concluyente para un diagn&#243;stico definitivo&#44; aporta datos fisiopatol&#243;gicos importantes que deber&#225;n corroborarse en estudios neurofisiol&#243;gicos seriados&#44; para el establecimiento del tipo de neuropat&#237;a subyacente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18-22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En este estudio se presentan los hallazgos cl&#237;nicos y electrofisiol&#243;gicos de pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de FBS evaluados los primeros 10 d&#237;as del inicio de la cl&#237;nica&#46; Se eval&#250;a la hipot&#233;tica utilidad del estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico precoz para la caracterizaci&#243;n y el diagn&#243;stico de FBS&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha evaluado de forma retrospectiva a los pacientes ingresados en el servicio de neurolog&#237;a del Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge con diagn&#243;stico al alta de SMF cl&#225;sico o EB en los &#250;ltimos 10 a&#241;os&#46; Se ha seleccionado a los pacientes con estudio electrofisiol&#243;gico realizado dentro de los primeros 10 d&#237;as del inicio de la cl&#237;nica&#46; Se ha excluido a los pacientes con variantes cl&#237;nicas de SMF cl&#225;sico&#44; superposici&#243;n de SGB&#44; polineuropat&#237;a previa conocida o pacientes con presencia de factores predisponentes para el desarrollo de neuropat&#237;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se ha recogido informaci&#243;n respecto a s&#237;ntomas precedentes e iniciales&#44; exploraci&#243;n neurol&#243;gica&#44; presencia de disociaci&#243;n alb&#250;mino citol&#243;gica &#40;prote&#237;nas en l&#237;quido cefalorraqu&#237;deo &#91;LCR&#93; &#8805; 45<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;dl con celularidad &#8804; 5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;l&#41; y hallazgos de resonancia magn&#233;tica &#40;RM&#41; craneal&#46; Los anticuerpos antigangli&#243;sidos GM1&#44; GM2&#44; GD1a&#44; GD1b&#44; GT1b y GQ1b fueron evaluados mediante ELISA y considerados patol&#243;gicos a partir de t&#237;tulo &#8805; 500&#46; Todos los estudios neurofisiol&#243;gicos se realizaron mediante el mismo aparato de electromiograf&#237;a &#40;Synergy&#44; CareFusion&#44; San Diego&#44; CA 92130&#44; EE&#46; UU&#46;&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> El registro se realiz&#243; siguiendo m&#233;todos est&#225;ndar<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#46;</span> Los estudios de conducci&#243;n nerviosa fueron realizados con electrodos de superficie&#46; En la evaluaci&#243;n de la neurograf&#237;a motora &#40;NM&#41; se realiz&#243; al menos un nervio mediano&#44; cubital y peroneo unilateral&#46; Se evaluaron la amplitud del potencial motor evocado&#44; la latencia distal motora&#44; la velocidad de conducci&#243;n motora y la presencia de dispersi&#243;n temporal&#46; La latencia m&#237;nima de la onda F fue evaluada en al menos un nervio&#46; Se consider&#243; una onda F como ausente o bloqueada cuando la persistencia de respuesta fue menor del 20&#37;&#46; La neurograf&#237;a sensitiva &#40;NS&#41; se realiz&#243; mediante estimulaci&#243;n antidr&#243;mica en al menos un nervio mediano&#44; cubital y sural unilateral&#44; evaluando principalmente la amplitud del potencial de acci&#243;n nervioso sensitivo &#40;PANS&#41;&#46; El estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico de pares craneales incluy&#243; blink reflex &#40;BR&#41; y neurograf&#237;a de nervio facial &#40;NF&#41;&#46; El estudio de BR se realiz&#243; mediante estimulaci&#243;n del nervio supraorbital con registro en musculatura orbicular mediante electrodos de superficie&#46; Se evaluaron los componentes tempranos y tard&#237;os &#40;R1&#44; R2 y R2c&#41;&#46; La neurograf&#237;a facial se realiz&#243; mediante registro en m&#250;sculo nasalis y estimulaci&#243;n anterior al tragus&#46; Un valor fue definido como anormal si se encontraba fuera de los valores de normalidad corregidos por edad de nuestro laboratorio&#46; Para la definici&#243;n de valor en rango desmielinizante se utilizaron los criterios de la EFNS&#47;PNS 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Resultados</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Doce pacientes con diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de FBS y estudio electrofisiol&#243;gico realizado antes de 10 d&#237;as del inicio de la cl&#237;nica fueron finalmente incluidos &#40;10 paciente con diagn&#243;stico de SMF y 2 con EB&#41;&#46; Los hallazgos cl&#237;nicos se resumen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#46; Todos los pacientes presentaban cl&#237;nicamente ataxia y oftalmoparesia&#46; Dos pacientes presentaron patr&#243;n indicativo de oftalmoplej&#237;a interna &#40;un paciente con s&#237;ndrome de Parinaud y otro con oftalmoplej&#237;a internuclear&#41;&#46; Un paciente precis&#243; de ingreso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos por afectaci&#243;n bulbar severa&#46; En 4 pacientes &#40;33&#37;&#41; se detect&#243; disociaci&#243;n albuminocitol&#243;gica en el LCR&#46; La determinaci&#243;n de anticuerpos antigangli&#243;sidos estaba disponible en 9 pacientes&#44; presentado anticuerpos IgG anti-GQ1b 5 de ellos &#40;55&#37;&#41;&#46; Ocho pacientes se realizaron RM craneal&#44; informada como normal en todos ellos&#46; Todos los estudios electrofisiol&#243;gicos se realzaron en un rango de 2-10 d&#237;as del inicio de la cl&#237;nica&#46; Los hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos se resumen en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> y se presenta el patr&#243;n de afectaci&#243;n en cada paciente en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a>&#46; En 3 pacientes&#44; el estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico precoz no present&#243; alteraciones significativas &#40;paciente 5&#44; 7 y 9&#41;&#46; Los hallazgos patol&#243;gicos descritos en el resto de los pacientes fueron predominantes en la NS&#44; siendo patol&#243;gica en todos los nervios explorados en 2 pacientes&#46; Los hallazgos patol&#243;gicos en la NM fueron menos frecuentes&#44; con predominio de afectaci&#243;n de las ondas F &#40;en 3 pacientes el bloqueo de ondas F fue el &#250;nico hallazgo destacable&#41;&#46; Ning&#250;n paciente present&#243; amplitud del PEM menor del 20&#37; del valor normal y no se detectaron par&#225;metros alterados dentro de un rango desmielinizante&#46; Un paciente present&#243; alteraci&#243;n de la amplitud de PANS en extremidades superiores con normalidad de nervio sural&#44; compatible con patr&#243;n de preservaci&#243;n del sural o &#171;sural sparing&#187;&#46; Cinco pacientes ten&#237;an afectaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica del NF&#46; En 2 de estos pacientes la NF fue patol&#243;gica&#44; ambos con BR anormal consistente en alargamiento de latencia o ausencia de R1 y R2 homolateral con normalidad de respuestas contraterales&#46; Un paciente present&#243; afectaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica de NF con NF normal y BR anormal consistente en alargamiento de R2c con R1 normal &#40;patr&#243;n m&#225;s indicativo de afectaci&#243;n central&#41;&#46; El patr&#243;n de afectaci&#243;n de pares craneales se resume en la <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">tabla 4</a>&#46; Ning&#250;n paciente cumpli&#243; criterios electrofisiol&#243;gicos para SGB&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En 6 pacientes se pudo evaluar un estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico de control realizado en un rango entre 14-62 d&#237;as desde el inicio de la cl&#237;nica&#46; Uno de ellos &#40;paciente 2&#41;&#44; a los 27 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n present&#243; una reducci&#243;n de la amplitud del PEM del NF&#44; manteniendo la NS y la NM dentro de la normalidad&#44; a excepci&#243;n de ondas F&#44; que persistieron bloqueadas&#46; En ese momento&#44; el paciente presentaba persistencia de afectaci&#243;n bulbar y ataxia&#46; En los pacientes 4 y 11&#44; con estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico realizado a los 15 y 18 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n&#44; respectivamente&#44; se evidenci&#243; una mejor&#237;a de la amplitud de los potenciales sensitivos en extremidades superiores&#44; sin cambios en la duraci&#243;n del potencial&#44; con persistencia de neurograf&#237;a de nervio sural alterada en el paciente 4&#46; En ambos pacientes persist&#237;a&#44; aunque con mejor&#237;a cl&#237;nica&#44; la presencia de ataxia&#44; as&#237; como arreflexia e hipopalestesia en las extremidades inferiores en el paciente 4&#46; En el paciente 8 la amplitud del PS del nervio sural se normaliz&#243; a los 62 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n&#44; desapareciendo las ondas A detectadas previamente en m&#250;ltiples nervios&#46; La exploraci&#243;n neurol&#243;gica era normal&#46; Finalmente&#44; el paciente 12 solamente dispon&#237;a de estudio de BR a los 14 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n&#44; persistiendo alargamiento de latencia de R1&#44; presentando cl&#237;nicamente afectaci&#243;n severa de oftalmoparesia y debilidad facial&#46; El paciente 1 no present&#243; cambios significativos en estudio realizado a los 23 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los hallazgos cl&#237;nicos descritos en nuestros pacientes son superponibles a los descritos ampliamente en estudios previos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;25</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; los anticuerpos anti-GQ1b se detectaron en una frecuencia inferior de la esperada&#46; Una posible explicaci&#243;n para este hecho es que las muestras fueron recogidas m&#225;s de 2 semanas despu&#233;s del inicio de la cl&#237;nica&#44; lo que puede haber incrementado la posibilidad de falsos negativos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Respecto al estudio de la afectaci&#243;n del sistema nervioso perif&#233;rico de nuestros pacientes&#44; el hecho de que el primer estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico sea realizado de forma precoz a&#241;ade controversia a la interpretaci&#243;n de los hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos&#44; tal y como puede ocurrir en el SGB<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20-22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En nuestro estudio&#44; 9 &#40;75&#37;&#41; de los pacientes evaluados presentaron alguna alteraci&#243;n en estudio electrofisiol&#243;gico&#44; siendo el hallazgo m&#225;s frecuente&#44; una reducci&#243;n de la amplitud de los PANS en uno o m&#225;s nervios&#44; presentando hallazgos en el estudio de conducci&#243;n motora leves o aislados y en rango axonal&#46; Estos hallazgos indican la presencia de una neuropat&#237;a axonal predominantemente sensitiva&#44; apoyando la presencia de afectaci&#243;n de las fibras sensitivas aferentes cut&#225;neas en la fisiopatolog&#237;a del SFB&#46; El patr&#243;n descrito parece diferir del descrito en el estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico precoz del SGB&#44; en el que se describe un predominio de alteraciones en NM&#44; con par&#225;metros en rango desmielinizante incluso de forma precoz y con estudio completo raramente estrictamente normal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20-22</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Una limitaci&#243;n importante de este estudio es la ausencia de informaci&#243;n del reflejo H o de estudio postural que aporte informaci&#243;n sobre la afectaci&#243;n del sistema propioceptivo aferente &#40;fibras <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">i</span>a&#41;&#44; posible responsable principalmente de la ataxia que presentan los pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La resoluci&#243;n o mejor&#237;a de la amplitud en los PAS en el estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico de control realizado entre los 15 y 18 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n&#44; de 2 de nuestros pacientes&#44; sin un aumento significativo en la duraci&#243;n del potencial&#44; apoya la presencia de un bloqueo de conducci&#243;n reversible sensitivo&#44; tal y como indica en el estudio Umapathi et al&#46; En este estudio se describe la presencia de BCR en 6 de los 15 pacientes evaluados con SMF&#44; imitando los hallazgos previamente descritos en SGB axonal &#40;AMAN&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#46; Estos hallazgos indican asimismo una disfunci&#243;n nodal o paranodal&#44; colocando al SFB en el espectro del SGB axonal y de las nodo-paranodopat&#237;as<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La evidencia de afectaci&#243;n del SNC es limitada en nuestros pacientes&#46; A pesar de la presencia de cl&#237;nica indicativa de afectaci&#243;n central como somnolencia o patr&#243;n de oftalmoplej&#237;a interna en 2 pacientes&#44; la RM fue normal en estos y el resto de los pacientes evaluados&#46; Es interesante recalcar que el BR indic&#243; afectaci&#243;n del SNC en el paciente diagnosticado de encefalitis de Bickerstaff por presentar somnolencia&#46; Sugerimos que el estudio mediante BR y&#47;o neurograf&#237;a facial puede&#44; por tanto&#44; aportar evidencia de afectaci&#243;n del SNP o SNC en el estudio de pacientes afectados de FBS&#44; siendo recomendable su realizaci&#243;n de forma rutinaria&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">En conclusi&#243;n&#44; los hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos en nuestros pacientes apoyan la implicaci&#243;n de una neuropat&#237;a axonal&#44; no desmielinizante&#44; en la fisiopatolog&#237;a del SFB&#46; La presencia de BCR sensitivo explica la r&#225;pida resoluci&#243;n de las alteraciones en la conducci&#243;n nerviosa sensitiva en 3 de los pacientes evaluados&#46; La realizaci&#243;n de estudios neurofisiol&#243;gicos seriados es crucial para el estudio de pacientes con FBS o SGB&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores declaran no tener ning&#250;n conflicto de intereses</p></span></span>"
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        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El t&#233;rmino s&#237;ndrome de Fisher-Bickerstaff &#40;SFB&#41; ha sido propuesto para describir el espectro cl&#237;nico que engloba el s&#237;ndrome de Miller-Fisher y la encefalitis de Bickerstaff&#46; Su fisiopatolog&#237;a y las caracter&#237;sticas de la neuropat&#237;a subyacente&#44; axonal o desmielinizante son todav&#237;a objeto de debate&#46; En este estudio describimos los principales hallazgos del estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico realizado de forma precoz en 12 pacientes diagnosticados de SFB&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Pacientes y m&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se han evaluado de forma retrospectiva las caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas y los hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos de 12 pacientes con diagn&#243;stico de SFB y estudio realizado en los primeros 10 d&#237;as de evoluci&#243;n&#46; El estudio electrofisiol&#243;gico de control ha sido evaluado en los pacientes en los que estaba disponible&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El hallazgo electrofisiol&#243;gico m&#225;s frecuente fue una reducci&#243;n de la amplitud del potencial de acci&#243;n nervioso sensitivo &#40;PANS&#41; en uno o m&#225;s nervios&#44; presente en 5 &#40;42&#37;&#41; pacientes&#46; La neurograf&#237;a motora present&#243; hallazgos aislados y poco frecuentes&#44; ninguno de ellos dentro de un rango desmielinizante&#46; Tres pacientes presentaron alteraci&#243;n en el estudio de pares craneales &#40;neurograf&#237;a facial y&#47;o blink reflex&#41;&#46; En el estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico seriado&#44; 3 pacientes presentaron resoluci&#243;n de la reducci&#243;n de la amplitud del PANS&#44; indicando la presencia de bloque de conducci&#243;n reversible sensitivo&#46; La resonancia magn&#233;tica craneal fue normal en todos los pacientes&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusi&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Un patr&#243;n electrofisiol&#243;gico de neuropat&#237;a axonal sensitiva es un hallazgo precoz en pacientes afectados de FBS&#44; sin hallazgos indicativos de desmielinizaci&#243;n&#46; La realizaci&#243;n de estudio neurofisiol&#243;gico precoz y de seguimiento es fundamental en el diagn&#243;stico de pacientes afectos de FBS&#46;</p></span>"
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          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusi&#243;n"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The term Fisher-Bickerstaff syndrome &#40;FBS&#41; has been proposed to describe the clinical spectrum encompassing Miller-Fisher syndrome &#40;MFS&#41; and Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis&#46; The pathophysiology of FBS and the nature of the underlying neuropathy &#40;demyelinating or axonal&#41; are still subject to debate&#46; This study describes the main findings of an early neurophysiological study on 12 patients diagnosed with FBS&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Patients and methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Retrospective evaluation of clinical characteristics and electrophysiological findings of 12 patients with FBS seen in our neurology department within 10 days of disease onset&#46; Follow-up electrophysiological studies were also evaluated&#44; where available&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The most frequent electrophysiological finding&#44; present in 5 &#40;42&#37;&#41; patients&#44; was reduced sensory nerve action potential &#40;SNAP&#41; amplitude in one or more nerves&#46; Abnormalities were rarely found in motor neurography&#44; with no signs of demyelination&#46; The cranial nerve exam revealed abnormalities in 3 patients &#40;facial neurography and&#47;or blink reflex test&#41;&#46; Three patients showed resolution of SNAP amplitude reduction in serial neurophysiological studies&#44; suggesting the presence of reversible sensory nerve conduction block&#46; Results from cranial MRI scans were normal in all patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusion</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">An electrophysiological pattern of sensory axonal neuropathy&#44; with no associated signs of demyelination&#44; is an early finding of FBS&#46; Early neurophysiological evaluation and follow-up are essential for diagnosing patients with FBS&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Introduction"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "Patients and methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusion"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
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      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0020">Parte de este trabajo ha sido presentado en la reuni&#243;n anual de la SEN 2013&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">N&#46;&#176; de pacientes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6&#47;6<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;19-74&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">7 &#40;58&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">6 &#40;50&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Parestesias</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Combinaci&#243;n de s&#237;ntomas</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conducci&#243;n nerviosa sensitiva</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Amplitud reducida</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mediano&#47;cubital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5 &#40;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conducci&#243;n nerviosa motora</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Amplitud reducida</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">LDM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Par&#225;metros en rango desmielinizante</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Ondas F</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Latencia aumentada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;0&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bloqueo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4 &#40;33&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Neurograf&#237;a facial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;17&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Blink reflex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3 &#40;25&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2260334.png"
              ]
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Tabla 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Tabla "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:3 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Hallazgos solo especificados si patol&#243;gicos&#46;</p><p id="spar0080" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A&#58; amplitud&#59; BR&#58; blink reflex&#59; evol&#46;&#58; evoluci&#243;n&#59; F&#58; ondas F&#59; LDM&#58; latencia distal motora&#59; VC&#58; velocidad de conducci&#243;n&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Neurograf&#237;a sensitiva</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="12" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Neurograf&#237;a motora</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Paciente &#40;d&#237;as evol&#46;&#41;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Mediano&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Cubital&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">Sural&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mediano</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Cubital</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Peroneal</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pares craneales facial&#47;BR</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DML&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DML&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">A&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">DML&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1 &#40;8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">X&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">A<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">x&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
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            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
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              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Presencia de ondas A m&#250;ltiples&#44; con latencia de onda F normal&#46;</p>"
            ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Patr&#243;n de hallazgos electrofisiol&#243;gicos</p>"
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      3 => array:8 [
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0090" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Amp&#58; amplitud del potencial motor evocado&#59; EB&#58; encefalitis de Bickerstaff&#59; LDM&#58; latencia distal motora&#59; N&#58; normal&#59; R1&#58; respuesta 1&#59; R2&#58; respuesta 2&#59; Rc&#58; respuesta contralateral&#59; SMF&#58; S&#237;ndrome de Miller Fisher&#46;</p>"
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Paciente</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Afectaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a></th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="2" align="center" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Neurograf&#237;a facial</th><th class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Patr&#243;n de blink reflex &#177;</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " rowspan="2" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Amp&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LDM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Bulbar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SMF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Facial&#44; bulbar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SMF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Facial&#44; bulbar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">RC unilateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">EB&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Facial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SMF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Facial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">N&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">RI&#44; R2&#44; Rc unilateralR1 contralateral&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">SMF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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Información del artículo
ISSN: 02134853
Idioma original: Español
DOI:10.1016/j.nrl.2017.05.012
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