metricas
covid
Buscar en
Neurología
Toda la web
Inicio Neurología Dabigatrán: una nueva alternativa terapéutica en la prevención del infarto ce...
Información de la revista
Vol. 27. Núm. S1.
Aplicaciones de dabigatrán en neurología
Páginas 39-45 (marzo 2012)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 27. Núm. S1.
Aplicaciones de dabigatrán en neurología
Páginas 39-45 (marzo 2012)
Aplicaciones de dabigatrán en neurología
Acceso a texto completo
Dabigatrán: una nueva alternativa terapéutica en la prevención del infarto cerebral
Dabigatran: a new therapeutic alternative in the prevention of stroke
Visitas
3362
J. Gállegoa,
Autor para correspondencia
jgallegoc@meditex.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, M.C. Gil Alzuetab
a Unidad de Ictus, Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
b Servicio de Neurología, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, España
Este artículo ha recibido
Información del artículo
Resumen

El tratamiento con anticoagulantes antivitamina K es especialmente temido por la gran variabilidad de su efecto terapéutico. Los inhibidores de la trombina han demostrado su eficacia y seguridad en la prevención del ictus en pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA) no valvular con los criterios de inclusión del estudio RE-LY. El dabigatrán es tan eficaz pero mucho más seguro que los fármacos antivitamina K (110mg/12h) o más eficaz con similar margen de seguridad (150mg/BID). El dabigatrán no produce hepatotoxicidad y no precisa monitorización. La elección de la dosis debe basarse en factores específicos del paciente (comorbilidad coronaria, descenso de la función renal, edad, bajo peso, administración de fármacos para la FA o inhibidores P-gp, historia de hemorragia digestiva). Constituye sin duda la nueva alternativa a los antivitamina K, mejor en muchos aspectos y realmente preferida para la mayoría de pacientes considerando los incovenientes de los antivitamina K.

Palabras clave:
Fibrilación auricular
Antivitamina K
Interacciones
Dabigatrán
Embolismo
Infarto cerebral
Abstract

Therapy with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is especially feared because of its variable therapeutic effect. Direct thrombin inhibitors have been demonstrated to be safe and effective in preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) eligible for inclusion in the RE-LY trial. Dabigatran provides equal or superior efficacy to VKA (110mg BID) and is much safer than VKA, with a similar safety margin (150mg BID). Dabigatran does not lead to liver dysfunction and does not require monitoring. The choice of dose should be based on specific patient characteristics (coronary disease, decreased renal function, age, low body weight, administration of other drugs for AF or P-glycoprotein inhibitors, history of gastrointestinal bleeding). Dabigatran is a viable alternative to VKA that provides many advantages over these drugs and is certainly preferred by most patients due to the problems of VKA follow-up.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillation
Vitamin K antagonists
Interactions
Dabigatran
Embolism
Stroke
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
Defunciones según causa de muerte [consultado 6-4-2009]. Disponible en: www.ine.es
[2.]
W.B. Kannel, E.J. Benjamin.
Status of the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation.
Med Clin North Am, 92 (2008), pp. 17-40
[3.]
A.S. Go, E.M. Hylek, K.A. Phillips, Y. Chang, L.E. Henault, J.V. Selby, et al.
Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 2370-2375
[4.]
L. Cea-Calvo, J. Redón, J.V. Lozano, C. Fernández-Pérez, J.C. Martí- Canales, J.L. Llisterri, Investigadores del estudio PREVICTUS, et al.
Prevalencia de fibrilación auricular en la población española de 60 o más años de edad.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 60 (2007), pp. 616-624
[5.]
R.L. Sacco, J.H. Ellenberg, J.P. Mohr, et al.
Infarcts of undetermined cause: the NINCDS Stroke Data Bank.
Ann Neurol, 25 (1989), pp. 382-390
[6.]
E.H. Yu, C. Lungu, R.M. Kanner, R.B. Libman.
The use of diagnostic tests in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 18 (2009), pp. 178-184
[7.]
P.A. Wolf, R.D. Abbott, W.B. Kannel.
Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham Study.
Stroke, 22 (1991), pp. 983-988
[8.]
C. Marini, F. De Santis, S. Sacco, T. Russo, L. Olivieri, R. Totaro, et al.
Contribution of atrial fibrillation to incidence and outcome of ischemic stroke: results from a population-based study.
[9.]
S. Penado, M. Cano, O. Acha, J.L. Hernández, J.A. Riancho.
Atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for stroke recurrence.
Am J Med, 114 (2003), pp. 206-210
[10.]
B. Brüggenjürgen, K. Rossnagel, S. Roll, F.L. Andersson, D. Selim, J. Müller-Nordhorn, et al.
The impact of atrial fibrillation on the cost of stroke: the berlin acute stroke study.
Value Health, 10 (2007), pp. 137-143
[11.]
V. Fuster, L.E. Ryden, D.S. Cannom, H.J. Crijns, A.B. Curtis, K.A. Ellenbogen, et al.
ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Europace, 8 (2006), pp. 651-745
[12.]
J. Almendral, E. Marín, O. Medina, R. Peinado, L. Pérez, R. Ruiz, et al.
Guías de práctica clínica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología en arritmias cardíacas.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 54 (2001), pp. 307-367
[13.]
B.F. Gage, A.D. Waterman, W. Shannon, M. Boechler, M.W. Rich, M.J. Radford.
Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation.
JAMA, 285 (2001), pp. 2864-2870
[14.]
A.J. Camm, P. Kirchhof, G.Y. Lip, U. Schotten, I. Savelieva, S. Ernst, European Heart Rhythm Association; European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines, et al.
Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).
Europace, 12 (2010), pp. 1360-1420
[15.]
S.H. Hohnloser, H.J.G.M. Crijns, M. Van Eickels, C. Gaudin, R.L. Page, C. Torp-Pedersen, et al.
Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation.
N Engl J Med, 360 (2009), pp. 668-678
[16.]
A. Gil Núñez.
Avances en la prevención de la isquemia cerebral por fibrilación auricualr.
Neurología, 25 (2010), pp. 401-408
[17.]
A.M. Gallagher, S. Rietbrock, J. Plumb, T.P. Van Staa.
Initiation and persistence of warfarin or aspirin in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation in general practice: do the appropriate patients receive stroke prophylaxis?.
J Thromb Haemost, 6 (2008), pp. 1500-1506
[18.]
M.R. Reynolds, J. Shah, V. Essebag, B. Olshansky, P.A. Friedman, T. Hadjis, et al.
Patterns and predictors of warfarin use in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation from the FRACTAL Registry.
Am J Cardiol, 97 (2006), pp. 538-543
[19.]
W. Wienen, J.M. Stassen, H. Priepke, et al.
In-vitro profíle and exvivo anticoagulant activity of the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and its orally active prodrug, dabigatrán etexilate.
Thromb Haemost, 98 (2007), pp. 155-162
[20.]
S.J. Connolly, M.D. Ezekowitz, S. Yusuf, J. Eikelboom, J. Oldgren, A. Parekh, RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators, et al.
Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation.
N Engl J Med, 361 (2009), pp. 1139-1151
[21.]
H.C. Diener, S.J. Connolly, M.D. Ezekowitz, L. Wallentin, P.A. Reilly, S. Yang, RE-LY study group, et al.
Dabigatran compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke: a subgroup analysis of the RE-LY trial.
Lancet Neurol, 9 (2010), pp. 1157-1163
[22.]
S.J. Connolly, M.D. Ezekowitz, S. Yusuf, P.A. Reilly, L. Wallentin.
Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy Investigators. Newly identified events in the RE-LY trial.
N Engl J Med, 363 (2010), pp. 1875-1876
[23.]
Atrial fibrillation investigators.
Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation. Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials.
Arch Intern Med, 154 (1994), pp. 1449-1457
[24.]
J. Eikeboom, L. Wallentin, S.J. Connolly, M. Ezekowitz, J.S. Healey, J. Oldgren, et al.
Risk of bleeding with 2 doses of dabigatran compared with warfarin in older and younger patients with atrial fibrillation an analysis of the randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy (RE-LY) trial.
Circulation, 123 (2011), pp. 2363-2372
[25.]
H. Heidbuchel, P. Verhamme.
Dabigatran for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: from RE-LY to daily clinical practice.
Acta Cardiol, 65 (2010), pp. 491-497
[26.]
B.F. Gage.
Can we rely on RE-LY?.
N Engl J Med, 361 (2009), pp. 1200-1202
[27.]
G.J. Hankey, J.W. Eikelboom.
Antithrombotic drugs for patients with ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack to prevent recurrent major vascular events.
Lancet Neurol, 9 (2010), pp. 273-294
[28.]
J. Van Ryn, J. Stangier, S. Haertter, K.H. Liesenfeld, W. Wienen, M. Feuring, et al.
Dabigatran etexilate a novel, reversible, oral direct thrombin inhibitor: interpretation of coagulation assays and reversal of anticoagulant activity.
Thromb Haemost, 103 (2010), pp. 1116-1127
[29.]
A. De Smedt, S. De Raedt, K. Nieboer, J. De Keyser, R. Brouns.
Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in a stroke patient treated with dabigatran.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 30 (2010), pp. 533-534
[30.]
C.E. Dempfle, M.G. Hennerici.
Dabigatran and stroke thrombolysis.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 30 (2010), pp. 203-205
[31.]
C.A. Chong, L. Chiu.
Dabigatran and acute stroke thrombolysis.
Cerebrovasc Dis, 30 (2010), pp. 202
[32.]
J.V. Freeman, R.P. Zhu, D.K. Owens, A.M. Garber, D.W. Hutton, A.S. Go, et al.
Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran compared with warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation.
Ann Intern Med, (2010), pp. 3
Copyright © 2012. Sociedad Española de Neurología
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos