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Vol. 25. Núm. 7.
Páginas 453-458 (enero 2009)
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Vol. 25. Núm. 7.
Páginas 453-458 (enero 2009)
Review articles
Acceso a texto completo
Temporal Arteritis: Treatment Controversies
En la arteritis de la temporal: controversias terapéuticas
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J. Balsalobre Aznara,
Autor para correspondencia
balsalobre2@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, J. Porta-Etessamb
a Servicio de Reumatología, Grupo Hospiten, Tenerife, Santa Cruz, Spain
b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Introduction

Although giant cell or temporal arteritis represents 5–10% of ischaemic optic neuropathies and is the most common arteritis in people over 60 years old. Currently there is no established treatment with oral glucocorticoids available.

Background

Glucocorticoid (GC) is still the treatment of choice but has to be started without delay in order to prevent neurological or systemic complications. However, we can resort to intravenous treatment in cases where there is loss of sight or other neurological symptoms. In cases refractory to GC or in those in whom we wish to decrease the dose due to adverse effects, individualised treatment with methotrexate or TNF blockers could be indicated. There is insufficient evidence to recommend other treatments, such as azathioprine, dapsone, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide or imitinib. In patients with vascular risk factors, anti-platelet therapy with ASA should be assessed. Surgical treatment should be considered in selected cases with symptoms due to arterial stenosis.

Conclusions

The corticoids continue to be the treatment of choice in temporal arteritis, however, given the clinical variability of the disease and the special characteristics of this group of patients, usually elderly and with systemic diseases, we believe that individualised treatment with coherent therapeutic guidelines are essential. Currently there is not only treatment with oral glucocorticoids available, although in our patients we can choose to use intravenous mega-doses, anti-platelet treatment, resort to methotrexate or TNF inhibitors in refractory cases, or even consider surgical approaches.

Keywords:
Temporal arteritis
Giant cell arteritis
Ischaemic optic neuropathies
Resumen
Introducción

Aunque la arteritis de células gigantes o temporal representa un 5–10% de las neuropatías ópticas isquémicas y es la arteritis más frecuente en las personas mayores de 60 años, aún no existen pautas de tratamiento establecidas.

Desarrollo

El tratamiento con glucocorticoides continúa siendo el de elección y debe iniciarse sin demora en aras de prevenir complicaciones neurológicas o sistémicas. Sin embargo, podemos recurrir a tratamiento intravenoso en casos con pérdida de visión u otros síntomas neurológicos. En casos refractarios a glucocorticoides o en los que deseamos reducir la dosis por la aparición de efectos adversos, el metotrexato y los agentes bloqueadores del factor de necrosis tumoral podrían estar indicados de manera individualizada. De otros tratamientos –como azatioprina, dapsona, ciclosporina, ciclofosfamida o imitinib– no hay evidencias suficientes para recomendarlos. En pacientes con factores de riesgo vascular se debe valorar la antiagregación con ácido acetil salicílico. El tratamiento quirúrgico se debe valorar en casos seleccionados con síntomas debidos a estenosis arteriales.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento de elección de la arteritis de la temporal continúan siendo los corticoides; sin embargo, dada la variabilidad clínica de la enfermedad y las características especiales del grupo de paciente, habitualmente mayores y con enfermedades sistémicas, consideramos fundamental el tratamiento individualizado según unas pautas terapéuticas coherentes. Actualmente no sólo disponemos de tratamiento con corticoides orales, sino que en nuestros pacientes podremos elegir el uso de megadosis intravenosas, antiagregar, en casos refractarios recurrir a metotrexato o inhibidores del factor de necrosis tumoral o incluso valorar aproximaciones intervencionistas.

Palabras clave:
Arteritis de la temporal
Arteritis de células gigantes
Neuropatías ópticas isquémicas
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