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Vol. 44. Núm. 9.
Páginas 375-383 (enero 2001)
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Vol. 44. Núm. 9.
Páginas 375-383 (enero 2001)
Acceso a texto completo
Reducción de la prevalencia de los defectos de cierre del tubo neural mediante un programa regional de cribado con alfafetoproteína en suero materno
Reduction in the prevalence of neural tube closure defects through a regional screening programe with alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum
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M.J. Moína, M. Cándenas, G. Agramunt, R. Venta,☆☆, F.V. Álvarez,☆☆,
Autor para correspondencia
alvarez@arrakis.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Análisis Clínicos. Hospital San Agustín. Camino de Heros, 4. 33400 Avilés. Asturias
Servicio de Análisis Clínicos. Laboratorio de Bioquímica. Hospital San Agustín. Avilés. Asturias
☆☆ Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Universidad de Oviedo. Asturias
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Resumen
Objetivo

Optimación de un programa regional de cribado con alfafetoproteína sérica materna con objeto de que la prevalencia de los defectos de cierre del tubo neural en el Principado de Asturias sea próxima a cero

Sujetos y métodos

Las participantes han sido gestantes pertenecientes a las diferentes áreas de salud del Principado de Asturias independientemente de su procedencia, sanidad pública o privada. Se estudiaron a 63.163 embarazadas en 11 años. Todas las técnicas bioquímicas se realizaron en el Laboratorio de Bioquímica del Hospital San Agustín

Resultados

Se ha conseguido optimizar el programa de cribado con alfafetoproteína en suero materno con porcentajes muy bajos de falsos positivos y amniocentesis realizadas, el 1,9 y el 0,5%, respectivamente. Se ha observado que las anencefalias presentan valores de alfafetoproteína en suero materno significativamente más elevados que las espinas bífidas abiertas, y se ha conseguido disminuir la prevalencia de este tipo de malformaciones en el Principado de Asturias de una media de 1,3% a prácticamente cero

Conclusiones

La puesta en funcionamiento de un programa de estas características requiere un equipo multidisciplinario para que los resultados obtenidos sean satisfactorios. Después de varios años de desarrollo los resultados obtenidos han convencido a los obstetras y médicos generalistas de la utilidad de incorporar dicho programa al protocolo del embarazo. Este programa ha servido, además, para obtener un conocimiento exhaustivo de este tipo de malformaciones en el Principado de Asturias

Palabras clave:
DTN
AFPSM
AFPLA
AchE
Abstract
Objective

Optimization of a maternal serum alphafetoprotein screening as a regional programme, in order to reduce neural tube defect prevalence in the Principado de Asturias (Spain)

Patients and methods

The participants are pregnant women from everywhere in Asturias regardless their origin, public or private asistance. We have studied 63,163 pregnancies between 1987 and 1998. All the biochemical techniques were performed at the Biochemistry Laboratory in San Agustín Hospita

Results

We have optimized the maternal serum alphafetoprotein screening programme with low percentages of false positives as well as performed amniocentesis, 1.9% and 0.5% respectively. We have observed that maternal serum alphafetoprotein values are higher in the presence of anencephaly than in a fetus with open spina bifida. The prevalence of these defects was diminished from 1.3% to near zero

Conclusions

It is necessary a multidisciplinary team in a screening programme like this, in order to be successful. After several years, the obstetricians and gynecologists are using the maternal serum alphafetoprotein as a routine screening tool in the pregnancy protocol. This screening programme has achieved to diminish the prevalence of open neural tube defects and it has let to know a lot more about these defects in Asturias

keywords:
NTD
MSAFP
AFAFP
AchE
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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