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Inicio Revista Clínica de Periodoncia, Implantología y Rehabilitación Oral Asociación entre el consumo de macronutrientes de la dieta y caries en adultos ...
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Vol. 5. Núm. 2.
Páginas 78-82 (agosto 2012)
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Vol. 5. Núm. 2.
Páginas 78-82 (agosto 2012)
Open Access
Asociación entre el consumo de macronutrientes de la dieta y caries en adultos y adultos mayores diabéticos tipo 2
Association between dietary macronutrients and caries in type 2 diabetic adults and elderly
Visitas
1573
R.A. Giacaman1,
Autor para correspondencia
giacaman@utalca.cl

Correspondencia autor: Escuela de Odontología, Universidad de Talca. 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
, T. Rojas Quintanilla1, A. Soto Poblete2
1 Cariology Unit. Department of Oral Rehabilitation. University of Talca. Talca, Chile
2 Instituto de Matemática y Física. Universidad de Talca. Talca, Chile
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Resumen
Objetivos

Se ha reportado una mayor tasa de caries en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM), probablemente debido a cambios en los patrones de dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existe una asociación entre la composición de macronutrientes de la dieta y la caries en sujetos con DM.

Métodos

Una muestra compuesta por 33 sujetos con DM y 37 controles sin la patología fue examinada para determinar la experiencia de caries mediante el índice COPD y la prevalencia de caries radiculares con ICDAS II. Se aplicó una encuesta de dieta de reporte de 24 horas. Para determinar la composición de la dieta, los alimentos fueron clasificados acorde al contenido de macronutrientes; carbohidratos, proteínas y lípidos (gramos/día, kilocalorías y porcentaje del nutriente/día).

Resultados

Los resultados fueron analizados mediante Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney. Un análisis de correlación y un modelo de regresión lineal se utilizaron para analizar la asociación entre composición de macronutrientes y la tasa de caries coronales y radiculares, con un nivel de significancia del 95%. Resultados: Los pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 mostraron mayor número de dientes perdidos por caries, más dientes obturados y más caries radiculares (p<0.05) que los controles sin DM. Los diabéticos presentaron menor consumo de carbohidratos (p=0.021), pero mayor consumo de proteínas (p=0.0405) que los controles. Se verificó una asociación directa entre un mayor consumo de proteínas con una tasa mayor de caries radiculares en pacientes con DM (p<0.001).

Conclusión

Las diferencias en el consumo de macronutrientes en pacientes con DM no se relacionan con tasas diferenciales de caries coronales, pero un mayor consumo de proteínas se asocia con una mayor prevalencia de caries radiculares.

Palabras clave:
Caries dental
caries radicular
diabetes
nutrientes
grasas
carbohidratos
proteínas
dieta
índice COPD
ICDAS II
Abstract
Objectives

Higher caries rates have been reported for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (DM). Changes in dietary patterns may be partly responsible. The aim of this study was to examine a potential association between dietary macronutrient composition and caries experience in DM patients.

Methods

Thirty three adults with DM and thirty seven controls, not affected by DM, were examined to assess coronal caries through DMFT index and root caries by ICDAS II. A 24-hr diet recall survey was used to determine dietary macronutrient composition supplemented with standardized tables and expressed as grams /day, kilocalories/nutrient and percentage of nutrient/day. Results were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. A correlation analysis was performed and a linear regression model was built for a potential association between macronutrient composition and coronal or root caries. A 95% significance level was set.

Results

DM patients showed lower remaining teeth, more fillings and more root caries (p<0.05) than controls. Lower carbohydrate consumption (p=0.021), but higher protein intake (p=0.0405) was observed in DM patients as compared with controls. A statistically significant association between an increased protein consumption and higher percentage of root caries was found in DM patients (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Although differences in macronutrient consumption in DM patients are not correlated with differential rates of coronal caries, higher protein consumption appears to be associated with higher prevalence of root caries.

Key words:
Dental caries
root caries
diabetes
nutrients
dietary fats
dietary carbohydrates
dietary proteins
diet
DMFT index
ICDAS II
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Copyright © 2012. Sociedad de Periodoncia de Chile, Sociedad de Implantología Oral de Chile y Sociedad de Prótesis y Rehabilitación Oral de Chile
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