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Inicio Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología Cuidado crítico materno: desenlaces y características de los pacientes de una ...
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Vol. 39. Núm. 2.
Páginas 190-205 (mayo - julio 2011)
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Vol. 39. Núm. 2.
Páginas 190-205 (mayo - julio 2011)
INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA
Open Access
Cuidado crítico materno: desenlaces y características de los pacientes de una unidad obstétrica combinada de alta dependencia en Medellín, Colombia
Maternal Critical Care
Visitas
3647
Germán A. Monsalve
, Catalina M. Martínez**, Tatiana Gallo**, María Virginia González**, Gonzalo Arango**, Alejandro Upegui**, Juan Manuel Castillo**, Juan Guillermo González*, Jorge Rubio***, Leonardo Mojica****, Mauricio de Jesús Vasco*****
* Médico Anestesiólogo, Coordinador Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica, Clínica del Prado, Medellín, Colombia. Correspondencia: Carrera 50A No.64-42, Medellín, Colombia.
** Anestesiólogos Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica, Clínica del Prado. Medellín, Colombia
*** Anestesiólogo cardiovascular Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica, Clínica del Prado. Medellín, Colombia.
**** Anestesiólogo intensivista Unidad de Alta Dependencia Obstétrica, Clínica del Prado, Medellín, Colombia.
***** Anestesiólogo Coordinador Comité Anestesia Obstétrica SCARE. Anestesiólogo Clínica Reina Sofía, Organización Sanitas Internacional, Bogotá, Colombia.
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SUMMARY

The critically ill obstetric patient represents a complex clinical challenge that requires a multidisciplinary approach. The aim of our study was to assess the utilization rate, admission diagnosis and maternal-fetal outcome of critically ill obstetrical patients admitted in a single institution high dependency/Intensive care Unit in Colombia, Latin America. A 3-year retrospective review of hospital records was completed. Eight hundred and nineteen patients were admitted in a 3 year period, representing 3.3 % of all deliveries, 64 % of the admissions were in the antepartum period. Obstetric complications accounted for 82 % of admissions; the preeclampsia - eclampsia and its complications were the most common diagnosis (50.5 %) and obstetric hemorrhage was the primary cause of severe morbidity and mortality. There were seven deaths (0.85 %). The average length of stay at the unit was 2.41 days (1–15). Nine patients were transferred to a medical/surgical Intensive Care Unit during the study. Uses of an exclusive Obstetric high dependency unit includes the concurrent availability of an obstetric, perinatal and critical care management, with low threshold for admission either antenatal or in the postnatal period, that allow an efficient and opportune management of the complex obstetric patient.

Keywords:
Maternal mortality
pre-eclampsia
eclampsia
hemorrhage. (Source: MeSH, NLM)
RESUMEN

La paciente obstétrica críticamente enferma representa un reto clínico muy complejo, que requiere un manejo multidisciplinario. El objetivo del presente estudio fue establecer las tasas de utilización, los diagnósticos de ingreso y los desenlaces materno-fetales de pacientes obstétricas críticamente enfermas admitidas a una unidad de cuidado intensivo/de alta dependencia en Colombia. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de tres años de los registros hospitalarios. Durante un periodo de tres años fueron admitidas 819 pacientes, que representaron el 3,3 % de todos los nacimientos, y entre las cuales el 64 % fueron preparto. Las complicaciones obstétricas representaron el 82 % de las admisiones: la preeclampsia-eclampsia y sus complicaciones fueron los diagnósticos más comunes (50,5 %), y la hemorragia obstétrica fue la principal causa de morbilidad severa y mortalidad. Hubo siete muertes (0,85 %). La estancia promedio en la unidad fue de 2,41 días (de 1 a 15). Nueve pacientes fueron transferidas a unidades de cuidado intensivo médico-quirúrgicas durante el periodo estudiado. El uso de una unidad de alta dependencia exclusiva de obstetricia —incluyendo la disponibilidad de manejo obstétrico, perinatal y de cuidado crítico, en conjunto con unos umbrales bajos de admisión, ya sea prenatal o postnatal— permiten un manejo eficiente y oportuno de las pacientes obstétricas complejas.

Palabras clave:
Mortalidad materna
preeclampsia
eclampsia
hemorragia. (Fuente: DeCS, BI- REME)
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Copyright © 2011. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología
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