Información del artículo
RESUMEN
A medida que la población envejece, más pacientes geriátricos deben someterse a cirugías, bien sea electivas o urgentes. Dado que el envejecimiento es una experiencia única y personal, cada paciente que va ser sometido a cirugía debe abordarse de manera individual.
La valoración de la reserva funcional ha llegado a ser la piedra angular en el plan anestésico y es marcador pronóstico integral. Se dan pautas para su valoración, así como de la capacidad funcional, con el fin de minimizar los riesgos de la anestesia y la cirugía.
En la presente revisión se discuten los cambios de los órganos con la edad, el papel de las enfermedades intercurrentes como factores determinantes del riesgo, otros factores que incrementan el riesgo de complicaciones y los problemas perioperatorios que se pueden presentar, entre otros, los relacionados con el estado cognitivo.
Palabras clave:
envejecimiento
anestesia geriátrica
cirugía geriátrica
valoración preoperatorio del anciano
riesgo anestésico en geriatría
SUMMARY
As the population ages, more geriatric patients should undergo Esther elective or urgent surgery. Given that ageing is a unique and individual experience, each patient that goes to surgery, must be addressed on an individual basis.
The assessment of the functional reserve has become the cornerstone in the anesthetic plan and is the forecasting integral marker. Guidelines for its assessment are given, as well as its functional capacity, in order to minimize the risks of anesthesia and surgery.
In this review, changes in organs with age, the role of intercurrent diseases, and other factors that increase the risk of complications, perioperative problems that may arise, including those related to cognitive stes are discussed.
Key words:
elderly
geriatric anesthesia
geriatric surgery
perioperative assessment geriatrics
geriatric anesthetic risk
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