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Vol. 40. Núm. 1.
Páginas 27-33 (enero - marzo 2012)
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Vol. 40. Núm. 1.
Páginas 27-33 (enero - marzo 2012)
Open Access
Niveles de hemoglobina preoperatorios y desenlaces en los pacientes llevados a cirugía cardiovascular, revisión sistemática y metaanálisis
Preoperative Hemoglobin Levels and Outcomes in Cardiovascular Surgical Patients; systematic review and meta-analysis
Visitas
22848
Henry Oliveros Rodrígueza,
Autor para correspondencia
henryor@unisabana.edu.co

Autor para correspondencia: Trans 4E # 61-05 apto. 402 T1, Bogota, Colombia.
, Édgar Beltrán Linaresb
a Profesor Asociado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Sabana, Especialista en Medicina Crítica, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá Colombia
b Anestesiólogo Cardiovascular, Hospital Militar Central, Bogotá, Colombia
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Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar si la anemia preoperatoria en los pacientes que son llevados a cirugia cardiovascular se asocia al aumento de la mortalidad, falla renal, accidentes cerebovasculares y eventos cardiovasculares cuando se comparan sus casos con los de pacientes con niveles de hemoglobina normales en el preoperatorio.

Métodos

Se realizo una revision sistematica y un metaanalisis de los estudios observacionales de cohorte y de casos y controles que exploraron la asociacion entre los niveles de hemoglobina prequirurgica y los desenlaces adversos de los pacientes sometidos a cirugia cardiovascular. Se consultaron las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y COCHRANE hasta la semana 50 de 2010; de manera independiente, fueron seleccionados los estudios que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusion. Se evaluaron las fuentes de heterogeneidad entre los estudios, como el sesgo de publicacion.

Resultados

De los estudios revisados se identificaron 260; entre dichos estudios, de 11 se pudieron extraer los datos suficientes para combinar el desenlace de mortalidad. De esos estudios, 6 se ajustaron por severidad y comorbilidades, mientras que en los restantes sus resultados no fueron ajustados; aun asi se observo un incremento en el riesgo de mortalidad cuando se considera la anemia como variable independiente.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes anemicos sometidos a cirugia cardiaca tienen un mayor riesgo de sufrir eventos adversos postoperatorios. Varios factores mas tambien limitan la interpretacion de los datos, incluyendo la falta de una definicion uniforme de la anemia y la carencia de estudios expresamente disenados para cuantificar la prevalencia y el impacto de la anemia en pacientes con enfermedades cardiovasculares.

Palabras clave:
Cirugia toracica
Anemia
Morbilidad
Mortalidad
Abstract
Objective

To determine whether preoperative anemia in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery is associated with higher mortality, renal failure, cerebrovascular accidents and cardiovascular events as compared to patients with normal preoperative levels of hemoglobin.

Methods

A systematic review and a meta-analysis of the cohort observational and of cases and control studies was conducted, exploring the association between the pre-surgical levels of hemoglobin and adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE data-bases up to the 50th week of 2010 were consulted. The studies that complied with the inclusion criteria were independently selected. The sources of heterogeneity among the studies were assessed, including publication bias.

Results

Of the total number of studies reviewed, 260 were identified; sufficient data could be extracted from 11 of them to combine the mortality outcome. Out of these studies, 6 were adjusted for severity and comorbidities, while the results of the remaining ones were not adjusted.

Conclusions

Anemic patients undergoing cardiac surgery have a higher risk of postoperative adverse events. There are several factors limiting the interpretation of the data, including a poor standardized definition of anemia, and the lack of studies explicitly designed to quantify the prevalence and the impact of anemia in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
Thoracic surgery
Anemia
Morbidity
Mortality
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Copyright © 2012. Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación
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