Prácticas de alimentación en adolescentes escolares de cinco ciudades colombianas: resultados de la Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares

Piñeros, Marion; Pardo, Constanza; Poveda, Elpidia

doi:10.1016/S0123-9015(11)70075-0

Información del artículo

Resumen

Bibliografía

Descargar PDF

Estadísticas

Resumen

Objetivos

Contar con información sobre aspectos clave de las prácticas de alimentación en adolescentes escolares quienes conforman un grupo poblacional de interés, por la posibilidad de intervenciones exitosas para el mejoramiento de la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios en el espacio escolar.

Métodos

Se implementó la Encuesta Mundial de Salud a Escolares en 2007, en colegios públicos y privados de Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Cali, Manizales y Valledupar. Se hizo un muestreo bietápico por conglomerados, de colegios y clases, cuyos resultados son representativos por ciudades para los jóvenes escolares entre 13 y 15 años. La encuesta fue anónima, voluntaria y autodiligenciada por los estudiantes. El análisis estadístico se realizó en los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades (CDC).

Resultados

En las cinco ciudades estudiadas sólo el 15,1% de los estudiantes reportaron el consumo de 5 o más veces diarias de fruta y verdura; el 62,5% reportaron el consumo de snacks entre comidas 3 o más veces durante la semana anterior; y el 30,1% reportó haber consumido bebidas carbonatadas 2 o más veces diarias durante los últimos 30 días.

Conclusiónes

Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los escolares de las cinco ciudades tienen patrones alimentarios que no cumplen con las recomendaciones; los hábitos reportados son preocupantes, y deberían conllevar intervenciones específicas.

Palabras clave:

Adolescente

Colombia

dieta

obesidad

vigilancia epidemiológica

Abstract

Objective

To provide information on the key issues of adolescent students' dietary and nutritional habits with the aim of possibly altering their school-day calorie intake.

Methods

The Global School-Based Health Survey was carried out in public and private schools in five Colombian cities: Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Cali, Manizales and Valledupar. Students were selected through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The survey was anonymous, voluntary and self-processed by students. Statistical analysis was performed at the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. Results are representative for adolescent students, ages 13-15, in each city.

Results

In the five cities, only 15.1% of students reported recommended consumption of five or more daily portions of fruit; 62.5% reported snacking between meals, three or more times during the previous week; and, 30.1% reported soft drink consumption, twice a day or more, during the previous thirty days.

Conclusions

Results indicate worrisome dietary habits among adolescents in five Colombian cities and should be used to foster specific school-based interventions.

Key words:

Adolescents

Colombia

diet

obesity

health surveys

El Texto completo está disponible en PDF

Referencias

[1.]

J. Ferlay, H.R. Shin, F. Bray, et al.

Globocan 2008, Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10.

IARC, (2010),

[2.]

P. Anand, A.B. Kunnumakkara, C. Sundaram, et al.

Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major lifestyle changes.

Pharm Res, 25 (2008), pp. 2097-2116

http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-008-9661-9 | Medline

[3.]

World Cancer Research Fund, American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR).

Alimentos, nutrición, actividad física, y la prevención del cáncer: una perspectiva mundial.

AICR, (2007),

[4.]

R. Uauy, N. Solomons.

Diet, nutrition, and the life-course approach to cancer prevention.

J Nutr, 135 (2005), pp. 2934S-2945S

Medline

[5.]

M. de Onis, A.W. Onyango, E. Borghi, et al.

Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents.

Bull World Health Organ, 85 (2007), pp. 660-667

Medline

[6.]

R.R. Briefel, M.K. Crepinsek, C. Cabili, et al.

School food environments and practices affect dietary behaviors of US public school children.

J Am Diet Assoc, 109 (2009), pp. S91-S107

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2008.10.059 | Medline

[7.]

E.M. Davis, K.W. Cullen, K.B. Watson, et al.

A Fresh fruit and vegetable program improves high school students’ consumption of fresh produce.

J Am Diet Assoc, 109 (2009), pp. 1227-1231

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.04.017 | Medline

[8.]

S.A. French.

Public health strategies for dietary change: schools and workplaces.

J Nutr, 135 (2005), pp. 910-912

Medline

[9.]

B. Gillis, C. Mobley, D.D. Stadler, et al.

Rationale, design and methods of the HEALTHY study nutrition intervention component.

Int J Obes (Lond), 33 (2009), pp. S29-S36

[10.]

K.L. Dehne, G. Riedner.

Adolescence--a dynamic concept.

Reprod Health Matters, 9 (2001), pp. 11-15

Medline

[11.]

World Health Organization (WHO). Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2009 [Citado: 16 noviembre 2009]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/chp/gshs/en/

[12.]

República de Colombia, Ministerio de la Salud.

Resolución 8430 Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud.

Ministerio de la Salud, (1993),

[13.]

B.V. Shah.

Software for the Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data (SUDAAN): User's manual release 7. 5.

Research Triangle Institute, (1997),

[14.]

World Health Organization (WHO).

WHO Fruit and Vegetable Promotion Initiative – report of the meeting, Geneva, 25–27 August 2003.

WHO, (2003),

[15.]

D.K. Eaton, L. Kann, S. Kinchen, et al.

Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2007.

MMWR Surveill Summ, 57 (2008), pp. 1-131

Medline

[16.]

Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar.

Encuesta nacional de la situación nutricional en Colombia, 2005.

Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar, (2006),

[17.]

S.M. Krebs-Smith.

Choose beverages and foods to moderate your intake of sugars: measurement requires quantification.

J Nutr, 131 (2001), pp. 527S-535S

Medline

[18.]

C. Verzeletti, L. Maes, M. Santinello, et al.

Soft drink consumption in adolescence: associations with food-related lifestyles and family rules in Belgium Flanders and the Veneto Region of Italy.

Eur J Public Health, 20 (2010), pp. 312-317

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp150 | Medline

[19.]

J. Kimmons, C. Gillespie, J. Seymour, et al.

Fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents and adults in the United States: percentage meeting individualized recommendations.

Medscape J Med, 11 (2009), pp. 26

Medline

[20.]

B.M. Popkin, P. Gordon-Larsen.

The nutrition transition: worldwide obesity dynamics and their determinants.

Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 (2004), pp. S2-S9

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802804 | Medline

[21.]

B. Gracia, C. de Plata, A. Pradilla, et al.

Factores de riesgo para enfermedades de mayor prevalencia en el Valle del Cauca útiles para el desarrollo de estrategias de prevención.

Colombia Médica, 34 (2003), pp. 47-55

[22.]

G. Montenegro-Bethancourt, C.M. Doak, N. Solomons.

Fruit and vegetable intake of schoolchildren in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.

Rev Panam Salud Publica, 25 (2009), pp. 146-156

Medline

[23.]

M.R. Nobre, R.Z. Domingues, A.R. da Silva, et al.

Prevalence of overweight, obesity and life style associated with cardiovascular risk among middle school students.

Rev Assoc Med Bras, 52 (2006), pp. 118-124

http://dx.doi.org//S0104-42302006000200023 | Medline

[24.]

S. Olivares, J. Kain, L. Lera, et al.

Nutritional status, food consumption and physical activity among Chilean school children: a descriptive study.

Eur J Clin Nutr, 58 (2004), pp. 1278-1285

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601962 | Medline

[25.]

M. Romanzini, F.F. Reichert, S. Lopes Ada, et al.

Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.

Cad Saude Publica, 24 (2008), pp. 2573-2581

Medline

[26.]

H. Wu, Q. Dai, M.J. Shrubsole, et al.

Fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with lower risk of colorectal adenomas.

J Nutr, 139 (2009), pp. 340-344

http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.098889 | Medline

[27.]

A. Koushik, D.J. Hunter, D. Spiegelman, et al.

Fruits, vegetables, and colon cancer risk in a pooled analysis of 14 cohort studies.

J Natl Cancer Inst, 99 (2007), pp. 1471-1483

http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djm155 | Medline

[28.]

M. Pavia, C. Pileggi, C.G. Nobile, et al.

Association between fruit and vegetable consumption and oral cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.

Am J Clin Nutr, 83 (2006), pp. 1126-1134

Medline

[29.]

S.C. Larsson, L. Bergkvist, A. Wolk.

Fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of gastric cancer: a prospective study.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 15 (2006), pp. 1998-2001

http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0402 | Medline

[30.]

K.B. Michels, A.P. Mohllajee, E. Roset-Bahmanyar, et al.

Diet and breast cancer: a review of the prospective observational studies.

Cancer, 109 (2007), pp. 2712-2749

http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22654 | Medline

[31.]

I. Romieu, E. Lazcano-Ponce, L.M. Sánchez-Zamorano, et al.

Carbohydrates and the risk of breast cancer among Mexican women.

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 13 (2004), pp. 1283-1289

Medline

[32.]

I. Romieu, M. Lajous.

The role of obesity, physical activity and dietary factors on the risk for breast cancer: Mexican experience.

Salud Publica Mex, 51 (2009), pp. s172-s180

Medline

[33.]

M.W. Howerton, B.S. Bell, K.W. Dodd, et al.

School-based nutrition programs produced a moderate increase in fruit and vegetable consumption: meta and pooling analyses from 7 studies.

J Nutr Educ Behav, 39 (2007), pp. 186-196

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2007.01.010 | Medline

[34.]

E. Van Cauwenberghe, L. Maes, H. Spittaels, et al.

Effectiveness of school-based interventions in Europe to promote healthy nutrition in children and adolescents: systematic review of published and ‘grey’ literature.

Br J Nutr, 103 (2010), pp. 781-797

http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114509993370 | Medline

[35.]

N. Pearson, A. Timperio, J. Salmon, et al.

Family influences on children's physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption.

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 6 (2009), pp. 34

http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-34 | Medline

[36.]

República de Colombia, Ministerio de la Protección Social.

Decreto número 3039 de 2007 por el cual se adopta el Plan Nacional de Salud Pública 2007–2010.

Ministerio de la Protección Social, (2007),

[37.]

T. Gorely, M.E. Nevill, J.G. Morris, et al.

Effect of a schoolbased intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in 7-11 year old children.

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 6 (2009), pp. 5

http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-6-5 | Medline

[38.]

W. González, S.J. Jones, E.A. Frongillo.

Restricting snacks in U.S. elementary schools is associated with higher frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption.

J Nutr, 139 (2009), pp. 142-144

http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.099531 | Medline

[39.]

K.W. Cullen, J. Hartstein, K.D. Reynolds, et al.

Improving the school food environment: results from a pilot study in middle schools.

J Am Diet Assoc, 107 (2007), pp. 484-489

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2006.12.004 | Medline

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Indexada en:

Síguenos:

Suscríbase a la newsletter