covid
Buscar en
Revista Colombiana de Cardiología
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Colombiana de Cardiología Evaluación del puntaje de sangrado “CRUSADE” como prueba diagnóstica para ...
Información de la revista
Vol. 21. Núm. 1.
Páginas 13-23 (enero - febrero 2014)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Vol. 21. Núm. 1.
Páginas 13-23 (enero - febrero 2014)
Open Access
Evaluación del puntaje de sangrado “CRUSADE” como prueba diagnóstica para determinar sangrado mayor en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST
Evaluation of “CRUSADE” bleeding score as a diagnostic test for major bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation
Visitas
5140
Fernán Mendoza
Autor para correspondencia
fernan.mendoza@shaio.org

Correspondencia: Fundación Clínica Shaio, Diagonal 115 A, No. 70C-75. Bogotá, Colombia. Tel (57-1) 253 3822.
Bogotá, Colombia
Departamento de Cardiología clínica y Medicina Interna, Fundación Clínica Shaio
Departamento de Cardiología Clínica, Fundación Clínica Shaio. Bogotá, Colombia
Fernán Mendoza
Bogotá, Colombia
Programa de Cardiología Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá, Colombia
Claudia Jaramillo, Camilo Ardila
Bogotá, Colombia
Fundación Clínica Shaio. Bogotá, Colombia
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Introducción

las complicaciones relacionadas con el sangrado constituyen un problema importante en los pacientes que ingresan con síndrome coronario agudo, pues se asocian con morbilidad y mortalidad importantes. El puntaje “CRUSADE”, estudiado y validado, identifica ocho predictores de sangrado mayor en el hospital y constituye una herramienta útil para comprobar el riesgo de sangrado.

Objetivo

establecer las características operativas del puntaje de sangrado “CRUSADE” para determinar el riesgo de sangrado mayor en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST. Establecer cual es el mejor punto de corte del puntaje “CRUSADE” en nuestro medio, con base en la curva de características operativas del receptor (ROC).

Materiales y métodos

se agruparon pacientes desde el 1°. de julio de 2011 hasta el 30 de noviembre del mismo año, detallando diferentes variables. Se realizó la curva ROC y se determinó: punto de corte, sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivos y negativos y razones de verosimilitud.

Resultados

se presenta el análisis de 330 pacientes, con edad promedio de 66,5 años, 68,4% de género masculino. El promedio de puntaje “CRUSADE” fue de 27,9; el 18,18% presentó sangrado mayor, el 56,9% angina inestable y el 43,0% infarto agudo del miocardio sin elevación del ST. Se determinó el área bajo la curva cuyo resultado fue 0,8114 (IC 95%; 0,75 – 0,87). Utilizando un punto de corte mayor o igual a 35, los resultados aportaron una sensibilidad del 70% (IC 95%; 55,57 – 82, 43), una especificidad del 77,41% (IC 95%; 72,23 – 82,58), un valor predictivo positivo de 40,78% (IC 95%; 30,80 – 50,75), un valor predictivo negativo de 92,07% (IC 95%; 88,34 – 95,81), una razón de verosimilitud positiva 3,10 (2,35 – 4,08) y una razón de verosimilitud negativa 0,39 (0,26 – 0,57).

Conclusiones

el punto de corte para el puntaje “CRUSADE” propuesto, es mayor o igual a 35. Dada la importancia de realizar una estratificación del riesgo de sangrado, estos resultados sirven para recomendar la implementación sistemática del puntaje de sangrado “CRUSADE”, y si este es mayor o igual a 35, establecer las recomendaciones para disminuir el riesgo de sangrado, y por ende, la morbilidad y la mortalidad.

Palabras clave:
hemorragia
síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST
disfunción renal
tratamiento anticoagulante
anemia
Introduction

the bleeding-related complications are a major problem in patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome because they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. “CRUSADE” score, studied and validated, identifies eight predictors of major bleeding in the hospital and is a useful tool to verify the risk of bleeding.

Objective

to establish the operational characteristics of the bleeding “CRUSADE” score to determine the risk of major bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation. Establish which is the best “CRUSADE” score cutoff in our environment, based on the curve of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC).

Materials and methods

patients were grouped from July 1, 2011 to November 30, 2011, detailing different variables. The ROC curve was calculated and cut point, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratios were determined.

Results

the analysis of 330 patients with mean age 66.5 years and 68.4% of male gender is presented. The average “CRUSADE” score was 27.9. 18.18% had major bleeding, 56.9% unstable angina, and 43.0% acute myocardial infarction without ST elevation. The area under the curve was determined and the result was 0.8114 (95% CI; 0.75 to 0.87). Using a cutoff point greater than or equal to 35, the results provided a sensitivity of 70% (95% CI, 55.57 to 82.43), a specificity of 77.41% (95% CI, 72.23 to 82.58), a positive predictive value of 40.78% (95% CI; 30.80 to 50.75), a negative predictive value of 92.07% (95% CI; 88.34 to 95.81), a positive likelihood ratio 3.10 (2.35 to 4.08) and a negative likelihood ratio 0.39 (0.26 to 0.57).

Conclusions

the cutoff point for the proposed “CRUSADE” score is greater than or equal to 35. Given the importance of conducting a risk stratification of bleeding, these results serve to recommend the systematic implementation of the “CRUSADE” bleeding score and if this is greater than or equal to 35, establish recommendations to reduce the risk of bleeding and consequently morbidity and mortality.

Key words:
hemorrhage
acute coronary syndrome without ST elevation
renal dysfunction
anticoagulant treatment
anemia
El Texto completo está disponible en PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
S. Sudherwal, R. Bach, A. Chen, B. Gage, S. Rao, K. Newby, et al.
Baseline Risk of Major Bleeding in Non – ST – Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. The CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines) Bleeding Score.
Circulation, 119 (2009), pp. 1873-1882
[2.]
J. Anderson.
Stopping the hemorrhage. A new baseline bleeding score brings us a step closer for patients with non – ST – elevation myocardial infarction.
Circulation, 119 (2009), pp. 1846-1849
[3.]
M. Moscucci, K.A. Fox, C.P. Cannon, W. Klein, J. López – Sendón, G. Montalescot, et al.
Predictors of major bleeding in acute coronary syndromes: the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE).
Eur Heart J, 24 (2003), pp. 1815-1823
[4.]
E.M. Antman, M. Cohen, Bernink, et al.
The TIMI risk Score for unstable angina/Non ST elevation MI. A method for prognostication and therapeutic decision making.
JAMA, 284 (2000), pp. 835-842
[5.]
E. Boersma, K.S. Pieper, E.W. Steyerberg, R.G. Wilcox, W.C. Chang, K.L. Lee, et al.
Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST – segment elevation Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. The PURSUIT Investigators.
Circulation, 101 (2000), pp. 2557-2567
[6.]
J.L. Anderson, C.D. Adams, E.M. Antman, C.R. Bridges, R.M. Califf, D.E. Casey Jr., et al.
ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non-ST-Elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 50 (2007), pp. e1-e157
[7.]
J.P. Bassand, C.W. Hamm, D. Ardissino, E. Boersma, A. Budaj, F. Fernández–Avilés, Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non–ST–segment elevation acute coronary syndromes, et al.
The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of non–ST–segment elevation acute coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology.
Eur Heart J, 28 (2007), pp. 1598-1660
[8.]
M. Sobieraj – Teague, A. Gallus, J.W. Eikelbomm.
The risk of iatrogenic bleeding in acute coronary syndromes and long – term mortality.
Current Opinion in Cardiology, 23 (2008), pp. 327-334
[9.]
G. Montalescot, H.D. White, R. Gallo, M. Cohen, P.G. Steg, P.E. Aylward, et al.
Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in elective percutaneous coronary intervention.
N Engl J Med, 355 (2006), pp. 1006-1017
[10.]
F. Feit, M. Voeltz, M. Attubato, M. Lincoff, D. Cheew, BittlJ, et al.
Predictors and impact of major hemorrhage on mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention from the REPLACE – 2 Trail.
Am J Cardiol, 100 (2007), pp. 1364-1369
[11.]
S.V. Rao, K. O’Grady, K.S. Peiper, C.B. Granger, L.K. Newby, F. Van de Werf, et al.
Impact of bleeding severity on clinical outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Am J Cardiol, 96 (2005), pp. 1200-1206
[12.]
C. Melloni, K. Mahaffey.
Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients with renal dysfunction.
Curr Op Cardiol, 23 (2008), pp. 320-326
[13.]
S. Yusuf, S.R. Mehta, S. Chrolavicius, R. Afzal, J. Pogue, C.B. Granger, et al.
Comparison of and enoxaparin in acute coronary syndromes: the OASIS – 5 randomized trial.
N Engl J Med, 354 (2006), pp. 1464-1476
[14.]
S. Yusuf, S.R. Mehta, S. Chrolavicius, R. Afzal, J. Pogue, C.B. Granger, et al.
Effects of fondaparinux on mortality and reinfarction in patients with acute ST – segment elevation myocardial infarction: the OASIS – 6 randomized trial.
[15.]
F. Mendoza, D. Isaza, R. Beltrán, C. Jaramillo.
Guías Colombianas de Cardiología Síndrome coronario agudo sin elevación del ST.
Rev Colomb Cardiol, 15 (2008), pp. 141-232
[16.]
R. Mehran, S. Pocock, E. Nikolsky, T. Clayton, G. Dangas, A. Kiryane, al. el.
A risk score to predict bleeding in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 55 (2010), pp. 2556-2566
[17.]
J. Brinker.
The score is in but is the final decision?.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 55 (2010), pp. 2567-2568
[18.]
G.W. Stone, H.D. White, E.M. Ohman, Acute catheterization and urgent intervention triage strategy (ACUITY) Trial Investigators, et al.
Bivalirudin in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a subgroup analysis from the Acute Catheterization and urgent intervention triage strategy (ACUITY) trial.
[19.]
G.W. Stone, B. Witzenbichler, G. Guagliumi, J.Z. Peruga, B.R. Brodie, D. Dudek, et al.
for the HORIZONS–AMI Trial Investigators Bivalirudin during primary PCI in acute myocardial infarction.
N Engl J Med, 358 (2008), pp. 2218-2230
[20.]
S. Rao.
Hemorragia en pacientes con síndromes coronarios agudos: de un hallazgo molesto a un reto importante.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 63 (2010), pp. 1-4
[21.]
E. Abu – Assi, J.M. Gracía – Acuña, I. Ferreira González, C. Peña Gil, P. Gayoso- Diz, J.R. González – Juanatey.
Evaluating the performance of the can rapid risk stratification of unstable angina patients suppress adverse outcomes with early implementation of the ACC/AHA Guidelines (CRUSADE) bleeding score in a contemporary spanish cohort of patients with non – ST – segment elevation acute myocardial infarction.
Circulation, 121 (2010), pp. 2419-2426
[22.]
R. Mehran, S. Rao, D.L. Bhatt, M. Gibson, A. Caixeta, J. Eikelboom, et al.
Standardized Bleeding Definitions for Cardiovascular Clinical Trials. A Consensus report from the bleeding academic research consortium.
Circulation, 123 (2011), pp. 2736-2747
[23.]
G. Steg, K. Huber, F. Andreotti, H. Arnasen, D. Atar, Badimon, et al.
Bleeding in acute syndromes and percutaneous coronary interventions: position paper by the Working Group on Thrombosis of the European Society of Cardiology.
Eur Heart J, 32 (2011), pp. 1854-1864
[24.]
A. Gutierrez, S. Rao.
Incidencia, outcomes and management of bleeding in non – ST elevation acute coronary syndromes.
Cleveland Clinic J Med, 77 (2010), pp. 369-379
[25.]
C. Hamm, J.P. Bassand, S. Agewall, J. Bax, E. Boersma, H. Bueno, et al.
Guía de práctica clínica de la Sociedad Europea de Cardiología, para el manejo del síndrome coronario agudo en pacientes sin elevación persistente del segmento ST.
Rev Esp Cardiol, 65 (2012), pp. 173
[26.]
R.S. Wright, J.L. Anderson, C.D. Adams, C.R. Bridges, D.E. Casey Jr., S.M. Ettinger, et al.
2011. ACCF/AHA focused update of the guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina/non – ST elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2007 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 57 (2011), pp. 1-40
[27.]
K.A. Hicks, N.L. Stockbridge, S.L. Targum, R.J. Temple.
Bleeding academic research consortium consensus report The Food and Drug Administration Perpective.
Circulation, 123 (2011), pp. 2664-2665
[28.]
H.L. Dauerman, S.V. Rao, F. Resnic, R.J. Applegate.
Bleeding avoidance strategies. Consensus and Controversy.
J Am Coll Cardiol, 58 (2011), pp. 1-10
[29.]
A.M. Salam.
Evolving role of bivalirudin in percutaneous coronary interventions; impact of the REPLACE -2 study.
Expert Opin Investig Drugs, 12 (2003), pp. 1027-1033
Copyright © 2014. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo