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Vol. 18. Núm. 2.
Páginas 100-110 (marzo - abril 2011)
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Vol. 18. Núm. 2.
Páginas 100-110 (marzo - abril 2011)
Open Access
Mecanismos de cardiotoxicidad: antineoplásicos, anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos, antipsicóticos, cocaetileno y simpaticomiméticos
Mechanisms of cardiotoxicity: antineoplastics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipsychotics, cocaethylene and sympathomimetics
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7094
Lukas Salazar1,
Autor para correspondencia
lukassal@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Cra. 69 D No. 24 C-50 Bloque 2 Apto. 803. Bogotá, DC. Colombia. Tel (57-1) 8 01 72 71 - 301 750 70 09- 300 551 71 00.
, Ana Cristina Palacio1, Javier R. Rodríguez1
1 Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
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La interacción constante del organismo humano con diferentes sustancias, que incluso en muchas ocasiones se consideran inofensivas, tiene un alto impacto sobre todos los sistemas, siendo el cardiovascular uno de los más afectados. Por lo tanto, es vital reconocer los mecanismos por los cuales estas sustancias ejercen su efecto tóxico sobre este sistema, bien sea afectando la estabilidad de membrana y la función contráctil o generando disfunción de organelos intracelulares y estrés oxidativo. Numerosos estudios han descubierto efectos lesivos de sustancias, como la clozapina y las catecolaminas, que han tenido amplio uso durante largos años. En la actualidad aún se realizan investigaciones que buscan esclarecer los mecanismos cardiotóxicos de medicamentos de formulación común, entre ellos antineoplásicos y anti-inflamatorios no esteroideos (AINE), así como de sustancias de uso habitual que causan adicción, tales como alcohol, cocaína y cocaetileno, su metabolito activo.

Palabras clave:
cardiotoxicidad
arritmogénesis
daño miocárdico
antineoplásicos
antiinflamatorios no esteroideos
cocaetileno
clozapina
catecolaminas

The constant interaction of the human body with different substances that are even in many cases considered harmless has a high impact on all systems, being the cardiovascular system one of the most affected. Therefore, it is vital to recognize the mechanisms by which these substances exert their toxic effect on this system, either affecting the membrane stability and the contractile function, or generating intracellular organelles dysfunction and oxidative stress. Numerous studies have found that drugs which have been widely used for many years such as clozapine and catecholamines, have harmful effects. Research is still being done seeking to clarify the cardiotoxic mechanisms of drugs commonly formulated, including anticancer and non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as commonly used substances that cause addiction, such as alcohol, cocaine and cocaethylene, its active metabolite.

Palabras clave:
cardiotoxicity
arrhythmogenesis
myocardial injury
antineoplastics
nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
cocaethylene
clozapine
catecholamines
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Colombiana de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular
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