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Artículo de revisión
Factores asociados con el declive cognitivo en población menor de 65 años. Una revisión sistemática
Factors Associated with Cognitive Decline in a Population Less than 65 Years Old. A Systematic Review
Daniel Camilo Aguirre-Acevedoa,
Autor para correspondencia
agua.dc@gmail.com

Author para correspondencia.
, Eliana Henaoa, Victoria Tiradoa, Claudia Muñoza, Diana Giraldo Arangob, Francisco Lopera Restrepoa,c, Fabián Jaimes Barragánc
a Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
b Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de San Buenaventura, Medellín, Colombia
c Grupo Académico de Epidemiología Clínica y Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia; Unidad de Investigaciones, Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, Medellín, Colombia
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Por otro lado&#44; estudios transversales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;7</span></a> y longitudinales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11</span></a> han indicado que factores cardiovasculares y gen&#233;ticos podr&#237;an estar relacionados con el declive cognitivo antes de los 65 a&#241;os&#46; Esto es importante&#44; dado que cerca de la mitad de los casos de enfermedad de Alzheimer &#40;EA&#41; podr&#237;an ser atribuibles a factores de riesgo cardiovascular presentes varios a&#241;os antes del diagn&#243;stico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&#44; y se podr&#237;an modificar con cambios en los estilos de vida o nuevas terapias preventivas&#46; A&#250;n no existe un tratamiento efectivo que disminuya el declive cognitivo&#59; por esta raz&#243;n&#44; los estudios sobre factores asociados a dicho declive en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os son importantes por la oportunidad de desarrollar o implementar intervenciones preventivas farmacol&#243;gicas o no farmacol&#243;gicas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; No se han reportado revisiones sistem&#225;ticas de estudios sobre factores asociados al declive cognitivo en poblaciones diferentes de adultos mayores&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; esta revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica tiene como objetivo determinar qu&#233; factores m&#233;dicos&#44; sociales o conductuales y gen&#233;ticos est&#225;n relacionados con el declive cognitivo en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Material y m&#233;todos</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Criterios de elegibilidad</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se dise&#241;&#243; un protocolo siguiendo las gu&#237;as de Cochrane para revisiones sistem&#225;ticas y se utiliz&#243; la gu&#237;a de PRISMA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> para el actual reporte de resultados&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron estudios longitudinales realizados en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os que evaluaran las siguientes exposiciones&#44; siguiendo la clasificaci&#243;n propuesta por Plassman en 2010<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">a&#41;</span> m&#233;dicos&#58; diabetes mellitus &#40;DM&#41;&#44; s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico &#40;SM&#41;&#44; hipertensi&#243;n arterial &#40;HTA&#41;&#44; accidente cerebrovascular &#40;ACV&#41;&#44; hiperlipemia&#44; homociste&#237;na&#44; trastornos del sue&#241;o&#44; obesidad&#47;&#237;ndice de masa corporal &#40;IMC&#41;&#44; traumatismo craneoencef&#225;lico &#40;TEC&#41;&#44; depresi&#243;n&#44; ansiedad y resiliencia&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">b&#41;</span> socioecon&#243;micos y del comportamiento&#58; factores en la infancia &#40;residencia rural&#47;urbana y factores ambientales&#41;&#44; nivel educativo&#44; ocupaci&#243;n&#44; coeficiente intelectual &#40;CI&#41;&#44; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; apoyo y redes sociales&#44; estado civil y actividad f&#237;sica&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">c&#41;</span> exposiciones a agentes t&#243;xicos como pesticidas o poluci&#243;n&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">d&#41;</span> gen&#233;ticos&#58; APOE¿4 y otros potenciales identificados en la b&#250;squeda&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e&#41;</span> nutricionales y dietarios&#58; vitamina B&#44; folato&#44; otras vitaminas potenciales identificadas en la b&#250;squeda&#44; gingko-biloba&#44; omega 3&#44; consumo de frutas y vegetales&#44; calor&#237;as&#44; hidratos de carbono&#44; grasas y prote&#237;nas&#44; y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span>&#41; medicamentos&#58; estatinas&#44; antihipertensivos&#44; antiinflamatorios&#44; esteroides gonadales&#44; inhibidores de la colinesterasa y memantina&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron estudios en humanos menores de 65 a&#241;os&#44; de cohortes prospectiva o retrospectiva y que evaluaran como desenlace la medici&#243;n de una funci&#243;n cognitiva espec&#237;fica o general&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se excluyeron los estudios realizados en pacientes con condiciones espec&#237;ficas como DM&#44; enfermedad renal&#44; esquizofrenia&#44; s&#237;ndrome de Down&#44; trastornos psic&#243;ticos relacionados con abuso de sustancias&#44; epilepsia y Parkinson&#44; dise&#241;os de estudios transversales&#44; desenlaces diferentes de las mediciones cognitivas y res&#250;menes de congresos donde no se pudiera tener informaci&#243;n completa y detallada de las caracter&#237;sticas del estudio&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Fuentes de informaci&#243;n y estrategia de b&#250;squeda</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se realizaron b&#250;squedas en bases de datos hasta octubre de 2013&#59; en MEDLINE desde 1966 y en EMBASE desde 1974&#46; La estrategia de b&#250;squeda utilizada fue&#58; cogni&#42; AND &#40;Decline OR impairment&#41; AND Cohort study NOT &#40;&#40;schizophrenia&#91;mesh&#93; OR schizophrenia&#91;all fields&#93; OR &#8220;down syndrome&#8221;&#91;mesh&#93; OR &#8220;down syndrome&#8221;&#91;all fields&#93; OR &#8220;psychotic disorders&#8221;&#91;mesh&#93; OR &#8220;psychosis&#8221;&#91;all fields&#93; OR &#8220;substance-related disorders&#8221;&#91;MeSH Terms&#93; OR &#8220;substance abuse&#8221;&#91;all fields&#93; OR epilepsy&#91;mesh&#93; OR epilepsy&#91;all fields&#93; OR &#8220;seizure disorder&#8221;&#91;all fields&#93; OR &#8220;Parkinson disease&#8221;&#91;mesh&#93; OR &#8220;Parkinson disease&#8221;&#91;all fields&#93;&#41; AND Limits&#58; Humans&#44; Adult&#58; 19-44 years&#44; Middle Aged&#58; 45-64 years&#46; En EMBASE la estrategia de b&#250;squeda fue&#58; cogni&#42; AND &#40;&#8217;decline&#8217;&#47;de OR impairment&#41; AND &#40;cohort OR longitudinal&#41; NOT &#40;&#8217;schizophrenia&#8217;&#47;de OR Parkinson&#41; AND &#91;adult&#93;&#47;lim AND &#91;humans&#93;&#47;lim&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedimientos de selecci&#243;n</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La selecci&#243;n y el an&#225;lisis de los estudios las realizaron en tres etapas cuatro revisores con formaci&#243;n en Neuropsicolog&#237;a &#40;VT&#44; CM&#44; EH&#44; DG&#41; y un bioestad&#237;stico con formaci&#243;n en Epidemiolog&#237;a &#40;DC&#41;&#46; En la primera etapa&#44; se revisaron los t&#237;tulos y los res&#250;menes&#59; en la segunda&#44; los art&#237;culos completos y en la tercera&#44; se realizaron la extracci&#243;n de los datos y la evaluaci&#243;n de la calidad de los art&#237;culos elegidos&#46; Llevaron a cabo todas las etapas al menos dos revisores de manera independiente y se verificaron los resultados de cada etapa en reuniones de conjunto&#46; Las discrepancias se resolvieron por consenso y&#47;o por un revisor adicional&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Procedimientos de recolecci&#243;n de la informaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los siguientes datos de los estudios se extrajeron a un formulario predise&#241;ado&#58; n&#250;mero de identificaci&#243;n MEDLINE&#47;Embase&#44; primer autor&#44; a&#241;o&#44; localizaci&#243;n geogr&#225;fica&#44; dise&#241;o&#44; n&#250;mero de participantes&#44; criterios de inclusi&#243;n&#47;exclusi&#243;n&#44; edad&#44; sexo&#44; nivel educativo&#44; estado cognitivo basal&#44; factor de riesgo estudiado&#44; desenlace&#44; tiempo desde la evaluaci&#243;n de la exposici&#243;n hasta la medici&#243;n final del desenlace&#44; control de variables de confusi&#243;n&#44; porcentaje de datos perdidos durante el seguimiento y resultados principales&#47;secundarios&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Riesgo de sesgo en los estudios individuales</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dada la heterogeneidad de criterios para evaluar art&#237;culos observacionales con dise&#241;os longitudinales&#44; y ante la carencia de gu&#237;as claras sobre estudios de deterioro cognitivo&#44; se adapt&#243; la gu&#237;a utilizada en la revisi&#243;n de Plassman<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Medidas de resumen y s&#237;ntesis de los datos</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios sobre deterioro cognitivo son heterog&#233;neos con relaci&#243;n a las poblaciones estudiadas&#44; la medici&#243;n de las exposiciones y los desenlaces que pueden ser categ&#243;ricos &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; DCL o demencia o estar por encima o por debajo de un punto de corte en la prueba neuropsicol&#243;gica espec&#237;fica&#41; o continuos usando las puntuaciones brutas o estandarizadas &#40;puntuaciones z&#41;&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; los estudios son heterog&#233;neos con relaci&#243;n a si se midi&#243; una funci&#243;n cognitiva espec&#237;fica o en general y con relaci&#243;n a los instrumentos de medici&#243;n&#46; Por tal raz&#243;n&#44; en este trabajo no se intent&#243; realizar una s&#237;ntesis cuantitativa de los resultados&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Resultados</span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Selecci&#243;n art&#237;culos</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se identificaron 8&#46;071 registros&#44; 4&#46;163 en MEDLINE y 3&#46;908 en Embase&#44; de los que 1&#46;116 estaban duplicados&#46; Se hizo lectura completa de 123 estudios y&#44; de estos&#44; se inclueron 22 en la revisi&#243;n &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Caracter&#237;sticas de los estudios</span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Localizaci&#243;n y tiempo de seguimiento</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Todos los estudios ten&#237;an un dise&#241;o longitudinal con al menos dos mediciones de las funciones cognitivas&#46; Los pa&#237;ses de origen de las investigaciones son Estados Unidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11&#44;15&#8211;18</span></a>&#44; Pa&#237;ses Bajos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;19&#8211;24</span></a>&#44; Reino Unido<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#8211;29</span></a> y Australia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30&#44;31</span></a>&#46; La mediana de seguimiento desde la primera hasta la &#250;ltima evaluaci&#243;n cognitiva fue 6 &#40;2-20&#41; a&#241;os&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Participantes</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La mediana de participantes por estudio fue de 2&#46;214 &#40;180-11&#46;380&#41;&#46; Todos los estudios excepto uno<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> proven&#237;an de cohortes ensambladas previamente&#58; cuatro estudios de la cohorte ARIC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11&#44;17&#44;18</span></a>&#59; cuatro de la Cohorte Whitehall II<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;10&#44;23&#44;24</span></a>&#59; tres del Doetinchem Cohort Study<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;21&#44;22</span></a>&#59; dos del Maastricht Aging Study &#40;MAAS&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;31</span></a>&#59; dos de la cohorte VISAT<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28&#44;29</span></a>&#59; dos de la British 1946 Birth Cohort<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a>&#44; uno del Longitudinal Assessment of Ageing in Women<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#59; uno del Study of Women&#39;s Health Across the Nation &#40;SWAN&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; y uno de The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development &#40;NSHD&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46; La mediana de los promedios de edad en los estudios fue 49&#44;5 &#40;35&#8211;60&#41; a&#241;os&#59; la mediana del porcentaje de mujeres incluidas fue del 51&#37; &#40;23&#37;-61&#37;&#41; y la del porcentaje de escolaridad alta fue del 33&#44;4&#37; &#40;19&#44;4&#37;-58&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Exposiciones</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se encontraron 12 estudios que evaluaron factores de tipo m&#233;dico&#58; DM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#44; hiperinsulinemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; HTA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18</span></a>&#44; hiperlipemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; IMC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;28</span></a>&#44; ACV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; riesgo de ACV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; SM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;18&#44;24</span></a>&#44; migra&#241;a<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> y terapia de remplazo hormonal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#44; y un estudio evalu&#243; el estado de salud general y su interacci&#243;n con la educaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; De los factores sociales&#44; econ&#243;micos o conductuales&#44; los estudios evaluaron el efecto de la educaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; tabaquismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18&#44;19&#44;25&#44;27</span></a>&#44; estado cognitivo en la adolescencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#44; actividad laboral en horas laboradas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a> y estimulaci&#243;n cognitiva en el trabajo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#44; estatus socioecon&#243;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; actividad f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27</span></a> y dieta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#46; En los factores gen&#233;ticos&#44; tres estudios evaluaron el efecto de APOE<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#44;18</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span></span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0135">Desenlaces</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios fueron heterog&#233;neos en cuanto a las pruebas utilizadas para la medici&#243;n de las funciones cognitivas&#46; Un estudio utiliz&#243; el Examen Mental M&#237;nimo &#40;MMSE&#41; como medida general<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> y cuatro utilizaron puntuaciones compuestas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;21&#44;22&#44;24</span></a>&#46; Tambi&#233;n se utilizaron pruebas que evaluaron memoria verbal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;33</span></a>&#44; memoria epis&#243;dica&#44; memoria visual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a>&#44; lenguaje<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;36&#8211;40</span></a>&#44; velocidad de procesamiento<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;42</span></a>&#44; velocidad perceptual<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a>&#44; atenci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#8211;46</span></a>&#44; funci&#243;n ejecutiva<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#8211;48</span></a>&#44; habilidades espaciales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41&#44;49</span></a> y perceptuales<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50&#44;51</span></a> e inteligencia verbal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a> y no verbal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">53</span></a>&#46;</p><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0140">Riesgo de sesgos en los estudios</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Se encontr&#243; potencial riesgo de sesgos de selecci&#243;n en seis estudios<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;24&#8211;28</span></a> y control incompleto de variables de confusi&#243;n en 17<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11&#44;17&#44;19&#8211;28&#44;30&#44;31</span></a>&#46; La mediana de la p&#233;rdida de seguimiento fue del 25&#37; &#40;16&#37;-74&#37;&#41; y nueve estudios incluyeron solo a los participantes con informaci&#243;n completa en las dos mediciones &#40;basal&#47;final&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#8211;11&#44;17&#44;23&#8211;25&#44;27&#44;30</span></a>&#46;Tambi&#233;n se presentaron sesgos de clasificaci&#243;n en las exposiciones medidas por declaraci&#243;n espont&#225;nea<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;11&#44;15&#8211;23&#44;25&#8211;31&#44;54</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">tabla 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0145">Medidas de resumen</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los estudios presentan heterogeneidad en la presentaci&#243;n del resultado del declive cognitivo&#58; diferencia de medias absoluta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;11&#44;17&#44;23&#44;27&#44;54</span></a>&#44; estandarizada<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19&#44;21&#44;22&#44;26</span></a>&#44; medici&#243;n final ajustada por la medici&#243;n basal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#44;25</span></a>&#44; p&#233;rdida anual en puntos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;16&#44;18&#44;24&#44;29&#44;31</span></a> y de manera categ&#243;rica como aparici&#243;n de desenlaces mediante puntos de corte predefinidos<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#44;11&#44;28&#44;30</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0150">Resultados de los estudios individuales</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">tabla 2</a> presenta los resultados generales de la asociaci&#243;n de los factores m&#233;dicos y el declive cognitivo&#46; Factores como DM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&#44; hiperinsulinemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; IMC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;28</span></a> y SM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;18</span></a> mostraron asociaci&#243;n con el declive en tareas de memoria verbal y lenguaje &#40;fluidez verbal&#44; fluidez fonol&#243;gica&#44; fluidez sem&#225;ntica y vocabulario&#41;&#46; El inicio temprano de la terapia de remplazo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> y un adecuado funcionamiento f&#237;sico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a> tendr&#237;an un efecto protector contra el declive cognitivo&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">tabla 3</a> presenta los resultados generales de la asociaci&#243;n de los factores sociales&#44; econ&#243;micos o conductuales y el declive cognitivo&#46; Mayor nivel educativo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; mejor nivel cognitivo en la adolescencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#44; actividad f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27</span></a>&#44; estimulaci&#243;n cognitiva dentro y fuera del trabajo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#44; estado civil &#40;casado&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a> y dieta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> tendr&#237;an un efecto protector contra el declive en tareas de memoria verbal&#44; lenguaje&#44; velocidad de procesamiento y funci&#243;n ejecutiva&#46; La APOE¿4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#44;18</span></a> estar&#237;a asociada con el declive cognitivo en tareas de memoria verbal&#44; lenguaje&#44; habilidades espaciales y perceptuales y funci&#243;n ejecutiva&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No se encontraron estudios que evaluaran el efecto de los siguientes factores&#58; homociste&#237;na&#44; depresi&#243;n&#47;ansiedad&#44; TCE&#44; trastornos del sue&#241;o&#44; resiliencia&#44; residencia rural&#47;urbana&#44; apoyo y redes sociales&#44; alcohol o exposici&#243;n a agentes t&#243;xicos&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0095" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0155">Discusi&#243;n</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La evidencia sobre factores asociados al declive cognitivo en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os es insuficiente&#46; Hay pocos estudios que concluyan en la relaci&#243;n de factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; factores sociales&#44; econ&#243;micos o comportamentales con el declive cognitivo en esta poblaci&#243;n&#46; Algunas condiciones y antecedentes como la DM&#44; la hiperinsulinemia&#44; la obesidad&#44; el SM&#44; la enfermedad cerebrovascular&#44; la educaci&#243;n&#44; la ocupaci&#243;n&#44; el estado civil y la presencia del polimorfismo APOE¿4 estar&#237;an asociados con un mayor declive cognitivo en tareas de memoria verbal&#44; velocidad de procesamiento&#44; funci&#243;n ejecutiva&#44; atenci&#243;n&#44; razonamiento y fluidez sem&#225;ntica y fonol&#243;gica&#46; Otros factores como la terapia de remplazo hormonal&#44; la estimulaci&#243;n cognitiva&#44; la salud f&#237;sica percibida&#44; la actividad f&#237;sica y la calidad de la dieta podr&#237;an tener un efecto protector&#46; No se encontraron estudios que evaluaran el efecto en el declive cognitivo antes de los 65 a&#241;os de otros factores como homociste&#237;na&#44; depresi&#243;n&#47;ansiedad&#44; TCE&#44; trastornos del sue&#241;o&#44; resiliencia&#44; residencia rural&#47;urbana&#44; apoyo y redes sociales&#44; alcohol o exposici&#243;n a agentes t&#243;xicos&#46; La evidencia sobre el efecto de estos factores en otras poblaciones de estudio de m&#225;s edad tampoco ha sido concluyente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A pesar de la escasa evidencia en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os&#44; estudios recientes han mostrado la relaci&#243;n entre factores de riesgo cardiovascular evaluados en la etapa adulta joven o de mediana edad y el deterioro cognitivo o la demencia presentes en la etapa de adultos mayores &#40;&#62;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>65 a&#241;os&#41;&#46; Estos estudios muestran que factores de riesgo como DM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#44;56</span></a>&#44; obesidad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;55&#8211;57</span></a>&#44; HTA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55&#44;58</span></a>&#44; altas concentraciones de colesterol<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56&#44;58</span></a>&#44; escasa actividad f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">55</span></a> y tabaquismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58</span></a> aumentan el riesgo de declive cognitivo o demencia&#46; Hay varias razones potenciales de que la evidencia del declive cognitivo en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os sea escasa o no concluyente&#59; algunas de ellas se han discutido previamente en el contexto metodol&#243;gico de la investigaci&#243;n sobre factores de riesgo en esta condici&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59&#8211;61</span></a>&#46; Las caracter&#237;sticas reales de la poblaci&#243;n en riesgo&#44; o los sesgos de selecci&#243;n&#44; estaban presentes o no se pudo evaluarlas en algunos estudios debido a la falta de claridad en los criterios de exclusi&#243;n&#44; la inadecuada descripci&#243;n de las cohortes y la carencia de informaci&#243;n acerca del estado cognitivo inicial y otras caracter&#237;sticas basales&#46; El sesgo de supervivencia tambi&#233;n pudo darse en numerosos estudios&#44; dado que las p&#233;rdidas de seguimiento estuvieron en entre el 14 y el 74&#37;&#46; Este efecto del &#171;desgaste&#187; de la cohorte presente en los estudios de declive cognitivo se ha estudiado anteriormente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62&#8211;66</span></a> y se constituye en una importante debilidad metodol&#243;gica&#59; dado que se ha demostrado que los participantes que se retiran del estudio tienen un nivel cognitivo menor&#44; menos educaci&#243;n&#44; peor estado de salud &#40;mayor frecuencia de factores de riesgo cardiovasculares&#41;&#44; mayor frecuencia de tabaquismo y menos actividad f&#237;sica que los que terminan<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">67&#8211;69</span></a>&#44; lo que subestimar&#237;a el declive cognitivo observado en la cohorte&#46; Del mismo modo&#44; se reportan estudios cuyos an&#225;lisis fueron realizados &#250;nicamente con los participantes con informaci&#243;n completa en las dos mediciones &#40;basal&#47;final&#41; y que igualmente ten&#237;an mejor desempe&#241;o cognitivo basal o mejor estado de salud que los que no fueron incluidos&#46; Los m&#233;todos de selecci&#243;n de los participantes tambi&#233;n pueden estar asociados con las caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas y el nivel cognitivo basal&#44; como apunta un estudio reciente<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">70</span></a>&#44; en el que los participantes provenientes de una muestra seleccionada por conveniencia ten&#237;an mejor rendimiento cognitivo&#44; m&#225;s educaci&#243;n&#44; mayor probabilidad de estar casado y menor probabilidad de historia familiar de demencia que aquellos cuya selecci&#243;n fue probabil&#237;stica&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Por otro lado&#44; la medici&#243;n de la funci&#243;n cognitiva es un proceso complejo y con m&#250;ltiples miradas potenciales&#46; Algunos estudios utilizan medidas compuestas y otros&#44; medidas de funciones cognitivas espec&#237;ficas&#44; con variables continuas o categ&#243;ricas&#46; Las pruebas neuropsicol&#243;gicas empleadas para el diagn&#243;stico&#44; la clasificaci&#243;n y el seguimiento de la demencia presentan efectos piso y techo en los extremos de menor y mayor expresi&#243;n de manifestaciones cl&#237;nicas y pueden no ser sensibles al declive cognitivo&#44; es decir&#44; ser incapaces de detectarlo&#44; en periodos precl&#237;nicos&#46; La utilizaci&#243;n de puntuaciones compuestas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> puede ser &#250;til para reducir los problemas de efecto piso o techo y el efecto del aprendizaje<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">71</span></a>&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la construcci&#243;n de estas puntuaciones no es simple y pueden existir varias versiones o modelos&#59; por ejemplo&#44; en algunos casos se utiliza la suma ponderada o no ponderada de las pruebas que conforman la bater&#237;a neuropsicol&#243;gica&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Esta revisi&#243;n tiene varias limitaciones&#58; nuestro objetivo era establecer un declive cognitivo y sus factores asociados antes de los 65 a&#241;os&#46; Por lo tanto&#44; no se incluyeron estudios que midieran la exposici&#243;n antes de los 65 a&#241;os&#44; pero los desenlaces se midieron hasta la etapa adulta mayor&#46; Dichos estudios muestran que la exposici&#243;n a factores relacionados con estilos de vida&#44; factores de riesgo cardiovascular o APOE¿4 incrementan el riesgo de declive cognitivo&#44; deterioro cognitivo leve o demencia despu&#233;s de los 65 a&#241;os&#46; Estos estudios se habr&#237;an podido incluir si se asume que la p&#233;rdida cognitiva es lineal&#44; es decir&#44; constante a trav&#233;s de los a&#241;os&#46; Sin embargo&#44; hay alguna evidencia de que dicha p&#233;rdida no es constante<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">72&#44;73</span></a> y que la velocidad del deterioro cognitivo puede cambiar a&#241;os antes de presentarse los s&#237;ntomas claros de demencia&#46; Otra limitaci&#243;n estar&#237;a relacionada con un posible sesgo de publicaci&#243;n al no consultar otras fuentes como literatura gris&#44; trabajos presentados en eventos o contacto con los autores&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0100" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0160">Conclusiones</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Algunos factores de riesgo relacionados con la salud cardiovascular y los estilos de vida pueden estar asociados al declive cognitivo en menores de 65 a&#241;os&#46; Sin embargo&#44; se encontraron pocos estudios con dise&#241;o y conducci&#243;n adecuados para sustentar la evidencia de cada uno de los factores reportados en la literatura&#46; Entender c&#243;mo estos factores influyen en el riesgo de declive cognitivo es importante para intentar reducir el riesgo de demencia en la etapa adulta&#46; Los estudios futuros se deben realizar considerando las limitaciones metodol&#243;gicas que no permiten estimar el efecto subyacente de los factores protectores o de riesgo del declive cognitivo en la poblaci&#243;n general&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0105" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0165">Financiaci&#243;n</span><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este estudio fue financiado por el comit&#233; para el desarrollo de la investigaci&#243;n&#46; CODI-Proyecto&#58; Tasa de p&#233;rdida cognitiva en la enfermedad de Alzheimer familiar por mutaci&#243;n E280A en PS1&#58; Estudio longitudinal 1995-2013 Antioquia&#46; Colombia&#44; mediana Cuant&#237;a 2011-Universidad de Antioquia acta 609&#44; Agosto de 2011&#46; Beca programa doctorados nacionales No&#46; 528 a&#241;o 2011&#44; Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia&#44; Tecnolog&#237;a e Innovaci&#243;n&#44; Colciencias&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0110" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0170">Conflicto de intereses</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Los autores manifiestan que no tienen conflictos de intereses en este art&#237;culo&#46;</p></span></span>"
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          "titulo" => "Conflicto de intereses"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2013-12-23"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-02-24"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec328881"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Deterioro cognitivo"
            1 => "Factores de riesgo"
            2 => "Demencia"
            3 => "Revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica"
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        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Cognitive decline"
            1 => "Risk factors"
            2 => "Dementia"
            3 => "Systematic review"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se ha se&#241;alado que el deterioro cognitivo comienza 20 a&#241;os antes del diagn&#243;stico de la demencia&#46; Adem&#225;s de la edad&#44; diversos factores m&#233;dicos&#44; socioecon&#243;micos y conductuales pueden estar asociados al declive cognitivo&#46; El objetivo de esta revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica es resumir la evidencia de factores de riesgo o protectores relacionados con el declive cognitivo en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">M&#233;todos</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se realiz&#243; una revisi&#243;n sistem&#225;tica mediante una estrategia de b&#250;squeda en bases de datos MEDLINE y Embase&#44; incluyendo estudios con dise&#241;o longitudinal que analizaran el efecto de factores protectores o de riesgo en el declive cognitivo de poblaci&#243;n adulta menor de 65 a&#241;os&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Resultados</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se incluyeron 22 estudios en la presente revisi&#243;n&#46; Factores como diabetes mellitus&#44; hiperinsulinemia&#44; sobrepeso u obesidad&#44; s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico&#44; nivel educativo&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&#44; estimulaci&#243;n cognitiva&#44; estado civil y calidad de la dieta podr&#237;an estar relacionados con el declive cognitivo antes de los 65 a&#241;os&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Factores de riesgo cardiovasculares y de estilos de vida pueden estar asociados al declive cognitivo en menores de 65 a&#241;os&#46; Sin embargo&#44; la calidad de la evidencia es baja&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Introduction</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cognitive decline could begin 20 years before the diagnosis of dementia&#46; Besides age&#44; several factors related to medical&#44; socioeconomic&#44; and behavioral and genetic condition may be associated with cognitive decline&#46; The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence on the risk and protective factors for cognitive decline in people under 65 years old&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Methods</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A systematic review was conducted using a search strategy in MEDLINE and Embase&#44; including longitudinal studies to analyze the effect of protective or risk factors on cognitive decline in a population under 65 years old&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 22 studies were included in this review&#46; Factors such as diabetes&#44; hyperinsulinemia&#44; overweight or obesity&#44; metabolic syndrome&#44; education&#44; physical activity&#44; cognitive stimulation&#44; marital status and diet&#44; could be related to cognitive decline before 65 years of age&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Cardiovascular risk factors and lifestyle conditions may be associated with cognitive decline before 65 years of age&#46; However&#44; the quality of the evidence was low&#46;</p>"
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flujograma de art&#237;culos incluidos&#46;</p>"
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          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ACV&#58; accidente cerebrovascular&#59; ADC&#58; an&#225;lisis de datos completos en las dos mediciones&#59; CE&#58; criterios de exclusi&#243;n&#59; DM&#58; diabetes mellitus&#59; HTA&#58; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#46;</p>"
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                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
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                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Estudio&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sesgos de selecci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Control factores de confusi&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">P&#233;rdidas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Diferencias entre excluidos&#47;p&#233;rdidas e incluidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sesgo de clasificaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Knopman et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a>&#44; 2001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta caracter&#237;sticas basales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">24&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo basal&#44; raza&#44; tabaquismo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; DM&#44; HTA&#44; ACV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; ACV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Richards et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; 2003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se describe la cohorte adecuadamente&#44; no presenta caracter&#237;sticas basales&#44; no hay claros CE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 56&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
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                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; tabaquismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meyer et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#44; 2003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; estado cognitivo basal&#44; salud percibida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">33&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ingresos&#44; raza&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; estado menop&#225;usico&#44; salud percibida&#44; ingresos del hogar&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Caselli et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#44; 2004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; antecedentes de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; historia de demencia&#44; vitamina E&#44; medicamentos no esteroideos y estatina&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">16&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; factores de riesgo cardiovascular&#44; uso de vitamina E&#44; uso de estr&#243;genos&#44; historia de medicamentos no esteroideos y estatinas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Richards et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&#44; 2004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta caracter&#237;sticas basales&#44; no se aclara estado cognitivo basal&#44; no hay CE claros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">27&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; tabaquismo&#44; antecedentes prenatales&#44; natales&#44; infancia&#44; antecedentes de enfermedades cr&#243;nicas&#44; salud percibida&#44; alcohol&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Blair et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&#44; 2005&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; estilos de vida&#44; s&#237;ntomas emocionales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 24&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo&#44; raza&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; DM&#44; hiperlipemia&#44; HTA&#44; enfermedad coronaria&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; tabaquismo&#44; consumo de alcohol&#44; uso de f&#225;rmacos no esteroideos&#44; estilos de vida saludables&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cournot et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#44; 2006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No hay CE claros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">31&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; DM&#44; IMC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaaci&#243;n&#58; ACV&#44; enfermedad coronaria&#44; DM&#44; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Young et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&#44; 2006&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se describen las cohortes adecuadamente &#40;expuestos&#47;no expuestos&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; HTA&#44; hiperlipemia&#44; DM&#44; depresi&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 54&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; DM&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nooyens<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a>&#44; 2008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; estilos de vida&#44; s&#237;ntomas emocionales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo basal&#44; edad&#44; tabaquismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&#44; estado civil&#44; dieta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dugravot<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&#44; 2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se describe la cohorte adecuadamente&#44; no presenta caracter&#237;sticas basales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 27&#37;&#59; cohorte inicial&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Knopman et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&#44; 2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">41&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo basal&#44; edad&#44; sexo&#44; raza&#44; DM&#44; HTA&#44; ACV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; ACV&#44; alcohol&#44; tabaquismo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meijer et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#44; 2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se describe la cohorte adecuadamente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; salud percibida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Virtanen<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&#44; 2009&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; estilos de vida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 74&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado laboral&#44; ACV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; horas laboradas&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Angevaren et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No est&#225; claro el estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; estilos de vida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo basal&#44; edad&#44; tabaquismo&#44; presi&#243;n arterial sist&#243;lica&#44; colesterol total&#44; IMC&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; antecedentes m&#233;dicos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Baars et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; s&#237;ntomas emocionales&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">25&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; HTA&#44; DM&#44; infarto de miocardio&#44; depresi&#243;n&#44; ansiedad&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Khoo et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; estado civil&#44; ocupaci&#243;n&#44; estado menop&#225;usico&#44; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Marquie et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuada&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; HTA&#44; obesidad&#44; salud percibida&#44; estr&#233;s percibido&#44; actividad f&#237;sica y social&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">59&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; educaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; salud percibida&#44; estr&#233;s&#44; actividad f&#237;sica y social&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Nooyens et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a>&#44; 2010&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No est&#225; claro el estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; m&#233;dicos&#44; estilos de vida&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">22&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; DM&#44; tabaquismo&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&#44; antecedentes de enfermedad cr&#243;nica &#40;p&#46; ej&#46;&#44; infarto de miocardio&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cadar et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#44; 2012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se describe la cohorte adecuadamente&#44; no est&#225; claro el estado cognitivo basal&#44; no hay CE claros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; estado cognitivo basal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 53&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo en la infancia&#44; sexo&#44; tabaquismo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; ocupaci&#243;n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; actividad f&#237;sica&#44; tabaquismo&#44; dieta&#44; ocupaci&#243;n&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; clase social&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Singh-Manoux et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#44; 2012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No hay CE claros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 18&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Sexo&#44; edad&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; IMC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ninguno&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Mousavi-Nasab et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&#44; 2012&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Adecuado&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; DM&#44; HTA&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">14&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No presenta&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No se reporta la forma de medici&#243;n de otros factores&#58; DM&#44; HTA&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Kaffashian et al<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#44; 2013&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">No hay CE claros&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; sexo&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ADC&#44; 26&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Edad&#44; educaci&#243;n&#44; riesgo de ACV&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Declaraci&#243;n&#58; educaci&#243;n&#44; alcohol&#44; actividad f&#237;sica&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Riesgo de sesgos estudios individuales</p>"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ACV&#58; accidente cerebrovascular&#59; DM&#58; diabetes mellitus&#59; HTA&#58; hipertensi&#243;n arterial&#59; IMC&#58; &#237;ndice de masa corporal&#59; MMSE&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Minimental State Examination&#59;</span> NS&#58; diferencias no significativas&#59; SM&#58; s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lico&#46;</p>"
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pa&#237;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muestra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tiempo de seguimiento &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asociaci&#243;n con declive cognitivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">DM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18&#44;22</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estados Unidos&#44; Pa&#237;ses bajos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;963&#44; 1&#46;920&#44; 2&#46;613&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44; 6&#44; 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa riesgo en tareas de memoria verbal y en fluidez verbal&#46; NS en flexibilidad cognitiva&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Hiperinsulinemia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estados Unidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;148&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa riesgo en tareas de memoria verbal test&#44; fluidez verbal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">HTA<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estados Unidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;963&#44; 1&#46;920&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">La asociaci&#243;n entre estudios no es coincidente&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IMC<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24&#44;28</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Francia&#44; Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;236&#44; 6&#46;401&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44; 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa el riesgo en tareas de velocidad de procesamiento&#44; razonamiento&#44; memoria verbal&#44; fluidez verbal y cognici&#243;n general&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">SM<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estados Unidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;920&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa el riesgo en fluidez verbal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">ACV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> y riesgo de ACV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;920&#44; 5&#46;810&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44; 10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa el riesgo en memoria verbal y fluidez verbal&#59; fluidez fonol&#243;gica&#44; fluidez sem&#225;ntica&#44; vocabulario y cognici&#243;n general&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Terapia de remplazo hormonal de inicio temprano&#58; progesterona<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Australia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">371&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuye el riesgo con inicio temprano en el MMSE&#46; Se incrementa el riesgo con progesterona en el MMSE&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Salud general percibida&#58; funcionamiento f&#237;sico&#44; social y psicol&#243;gico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pa&#237;ses Bajos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;823&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Funcionamiento f&#237;sico&#58; disminuye riesgo en memoria verbal y fluidez&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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          "es" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evidencia de factores m&#233;dicos asociados al declive cognitivo en poblaci&#243;n menor de 65 a&#241;os</p>"
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                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Factor&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Pa&#237;s&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Muestra&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Tiempo de seguimiento &#40;a&#241;os&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Asociaci&#243;n con declive cognitivo&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Educaci&#243;n<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pa&#237;ses Bajos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;823&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Educaci&#243;n&#58; disminuye riesgo en memoria verbal&#44; velocidad de procesamiento&#44; memoria de trabajo&#44; funci&#243;n ejecutiva y fluidez verbal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Tabaquismo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;18&#44;19&#44;27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estados Unidos&#44; Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&#46;963&#44; 1&#46;920&#44; 3&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44; 6&#44; 20&#44; 5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">La asociaci&#243;n no es coincidente entre estudios&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estatus socioecon&#243;mico<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;744&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44;5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">NS&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Ocupaci&#243;n &#40;h&#47;semana&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;214&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa riesgo en razonamiento y vocabulario&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado civil<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Suecia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;882&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa el riesgo en memoria epis&#243;dica para solteros o viudos comparados con casados&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estimulaci&#243;n cognitiva dentro y fuera del trabajo<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Francia&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;123&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuye el riesgo en cognici&#243;n general&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estado cognitivo en la adolescencia<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2&#46;058&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">A mayor puntuaci&#243;n en habilidad verbal y no verbal a los 15 a&#241;os&#44; menor riesgo en tareas de memoria verbal y b&#250;squeda visual &#40;velocidad&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Actividad f&#237;sica<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21&#44;27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Pa&#237;ses Bajos&#44; Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;904&#44; 3&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#44; 20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuye el riesgo en tareas de velocidad de procesamiento y b&#250;squeda visual &#40;velocidad&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Dieta<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Reino Unido&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">3&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Disminuye el riesgo en tareas de memoria verbal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Factores gen&#233;ticos&#44; APOE¿4<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;16&#44;18</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Estados Unidos&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">11&#46;380&#44; 180&#44; 1&#46;920&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">6&#44; 2&#44;75&#44; 6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Incrementa riesgo en velocidad de procesamiento&#44; memoria verbal&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "es" => "<p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Evidencia de factores sociales&#44; econ&#243;micos o conductuales y gen&#233;ticos asociados al declive cognitivo en menores de 65 a&#241;os</p>"
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    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
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        0 => array:2 [
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                  "host" => array:1 [
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                            1 => "B&#46;L&#46; Plassman"
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                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                            0 => "B&#46;L&#46; Plassman"
                            1 => "J&#46;W&#46; Williams"
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                            3 => "T&#46; Holsinger"
                            4 => "S&#46; Benjamin"
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                      "doi" => "10.7326/0003-4819-153-3-201008030-00258"
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                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                            0 => "H&#46; Joosten"
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                            2 => "R&#46;T&#46; Gansevoort"
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                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
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                            0 => "S&#46; Sabia"
                            1 => "M&#46; Kivimaki"
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                      "Revista" => array:6 [
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            7 => array:3 [
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              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
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                    0 => array:1 [
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                        "volumen" => "56"
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            8 => array:3 [
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              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
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