Información del artículo
Resumen
La nefropatía lúpica (NL) es una causa importante de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes con lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) la cual tiene un impacto directo en la supervivencia de estos pacientes. El uso de un tratamiento inmunosupresor agresivo ha mejorado la supervivencia renal y de los pacientes. Los objetivos de esta terapia inmunosupresora son la obtención de una remisión temprana, evitar la aparición de exacerbaciones y la progresión a insuficiencia renal crónica con la mínima toxicidad posible. El tratamiento con pulsos intravenosos mensuales de ciclofosfamida y de glucocorticoides (el régimen del Instituto Nacional de Salud) como tratamiento de inducción y la administración a largo plazo de pulsos venosos de ciclofosfamida o con azatioprina ha llegado a ser el tratamiento estándar de la NL proliferativa severa. El micofenolato mofetil es una alternativa a la ciclofosfamida en el tratamiento de inducción y de mantenimiento de la NL proliferativa. Existen otras opciones terapéuticas para la NL resistente como regímenes más agresivos de ciclofosfamida (a expensas de una mayor toxicidad), inhibidores de la calcineurina, gamaglobulina hiperinmune intravenosa, inmunoadsorción y terapias dirigidas contra la célula B.
Palabras clave:
nefritis lúpica
agentes citotóxicos
micofenolato mofetil
linfocitos B
rituximab
Summary
Lupus nephritis (LN) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The use of aggressive immunosuppressive treatment has improved both patient and renal survival. The objectives of this therapy should be to achieve a prompt renal remission, to avoid renal flares and progression to chronic renal failure with minimal toxicity. Treatment with monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids (National Institute of Health regimen) as induction treatment and long-term administration of venous pulses of cyclophosphamide or azathioprine has become standard treatment for severe proliferative LN. Mycophenolate mofetil is an alternative to cyclophosphamide for induction and maintenance therapy of proliferative LN. There are other therapeutic options for resistant LN as more aggressive ciclophosphamide regimens, but at the expense of more toxicity, calcineurin inhibitors, intravenous immunoglobulin, immunoadsorption and therapies that selectively target B cells.
Key words:
lupus nephritis
cytotoxic agents
micophenolate mofetil
B-lymphocytes
rituximab
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