Originales
Estrés y estado emocional en cuidadores de familiares mayores con y sin demencia
Stress and emotional status in the caregivers of older relatives with and without dementia
M. Crespo-Lópeza,
, J. López-Martínezb
Autor para correspondencia
mcrespo@psi.ucm.es
Correspondencia: Dr. M. Crespo-López. Departamento de Psicología Clínica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Campus de Somosaguas. 28223 Madrid. España.
Correspondencia: Dr. M. Crespo-López. Departamento de Psicología Clínica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Campus de Somosaguas. 28223 Madrid. España.
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Crespo-López, J. López-Martínez" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Crespo-López" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mcrespo@psi.ucm.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "López-Martínez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Doctora en Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff1" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Doctor en Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España" "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff2" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Correspondencia: Dr. M. Crespo-López. Departamento de Psicología Clínica. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Campus de Somosaguas. 28223 Madrid. España." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Stress and emotional status in the caregivers of older relatives with and without dementia" ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec104099" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Cuidador" 1 => "Demencia" 2 => "Estrés" 3 => "Depresión" 4 => "Ansiedad" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Key words" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec104098" "palabras" => array:5 [ 0 => "Caregiver" 1 => "Dementia" 2 => "Stress" 3 => "Depression" 4 => "Anxiety" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducción</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">cuidar es una experiencia altamente estresante. Los cuidadores de personas mayores dependientes experimentan muchos problemas físicos y psicológicos, especialmente síntomas de ansiedad y depresión. Aunque es comúnmente aceptado que cuidar a personas mayores con demencia es más estresante que cuidar a mayores dependientes sin deterioro cognitivo, pocos han estudiado este asunto. El propósito principal de este estudio es comparar el estado emocional de los cuidadores de familiares mayores con y sin demencia.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material y método</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">se utilizó un estudio transversal. Se analizaron los datos de 66 cuidadores que residían con familiares con demencia y 42 cuidadores que vivían con personas mayores dependientes sin deterioro cognitivo.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Resultados</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">el grupo (demencia y no demencia) no predijo los problemas emocionales de los cuidadores (su ansiedad y depresión). De hecho, los análisis de regresión revelaron que un mayor tiempo semanal como cuidador (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,160; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,05), la mayor sobrecarga (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,171; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01), el mayor impacto y el malestar de los problemas de memoria y conducta (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,113; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01), la menor autoestima (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0,326; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01), la menor satisfacción con el apoyo social (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0,316; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) y el mayor afrontamiento centrado en las emociones (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0,326; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) se asociaron con más síntomas de depresión. Por otro lado, una mayor sobrecarga (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,322; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01), la menor autoestima (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0,266; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) y el mayor afrontamiento centrado en las emociones (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0,326; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) se asociaron con más síntomas de ansiedad.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">los elementos personales, más que los factores relacionados con el deterioro de la persona mayor o del contexto de cuidado, pueden ser la característica fundamental para explicar el impacto emocional del cuidado. El estado emocional de los cuidadores de personas mayores, con o sin demencia, puede mejorar con los tratamientos y los servicios adecuados que se centren en las valoraciones de los cuidadores, sus estrategias de afrontamiento y el apoyo social.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Background</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">caregiving is a burdensome and stressful experience. The caregivers of dependent older persons suffer high levels of physical and psychological stress, especially symptoms of depression and anxiety. Whereas it is commonly accepted that caring for an older person with dementia is more stressful than caring for a dependent relative without cognitive impairment, few studies have specifically addressed this issue. The main purpose of this study was to compare the emotional state of the caregivers of elderly relatives with and without dementia.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Material and method</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">a cross-sectional design was employed. Data from 66 coresident caregivers of relatives with dementia and 42 coresident caregivers of elderly dependents without cognitive impairment were analyzed.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Results</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">the nature of the older person's impairment did not predict caregivers’ emotional problems (anxiety and depression). In fact, regression analyses revealed that more weekly hours of care (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.160; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05), higher burden (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.171; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01), greater impact of memory and behavioural problems on caregivers (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.113; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01), lower self-esteem (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0.326; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01), lower satisfaction with social support (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0.316; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01), and higher emotion-focused coping (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0.326; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01) were associated with more symptoms of depression. Equally, higher burden (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.322; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01), lower self-esteem (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0.266; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.01) and higher emotion-focused coping (β<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>−0,326; p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0,01) were associated with more symptoms of anxiety.</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">personal factors, rather than factors related to the older person's impairment or the caregiving context, may be the central feature in explaining the emotional impact of caring. The emotional state of caregivers of demented and non-demented older persons may be improved with appropriate treatments and adequate services focused on caregiver appraisals, coping strategies, and social support.</p>" ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Estudio financiado por una Beca Predoctoral Complutense 2001-2005 y por un proyecto de Investigación I+D+i del Ministerio de Educación (2004-2007).</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliografía" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:26 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib1" "etiqueta" => "1." "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The health of persons giving care to the demented older persons. A critical review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. 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| año/Mes | Html | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 Octubre | 70 | 6 | 76 |
| 2024 Septiembre | 103 | 17 | 120 |
| 2024 Agosto | 62 | 11 | 73 |
| 2024 Julio | 64 | 6 | 70 |
| 2024 Junio | 51 | 9 | 60 |
| 2024 Mayo | 59 | 12 | 71 |
| 2024 Abril | 51 | 11 | 62 |
| 2024 Marzo | 56 | 14 | 70 |
| 2024 Febrero | 35 | 11 | 46 |
| 2024 Enero | 40 | 7 | 47 |
| 2023 Diciembre | 31 | 9 | 40 |
| 2023 Noviembre | 61 | 14 | 75 |
| 2023 Octubre | 46 | 16 | 62 |
| 2023 Septiembre | 39 | 4 | 43 |
| 2023 Agosto | 48 | 5 | 53 |
| 2023 Julio | 52 | 2 | 54 |
| 2023 Junio | 42 | 2 | 44 |
| 2023 Mayo | 79 | 7 | 86 |
| 2023 Abril | 45 | 9 | 54 |
| 2023 Marzo | 39 | 18 | 57 |
| 2023 Febrero | 30 | 10 | 40 |
| 2023 Enero | 38 | 8 | 46 |
| 2022 Diciembre | 18 | 3 | 21 |
| 2022 Noviembre | 31 | 15 | 46 |
| 2022 Octubre | 68 | 7 | 75 |
| 2022 Septiembre | 29 | 13 | 42 |
| 2022 Agosto | 46 | 7 | 53 |
| 2022 Julio | 32 | 10 | 42 |
| 2022 Junio | 36 | 14 | 50 |
| 2022 Mayo | 52 | 15 | 67 |
| 2022 Abril | 45 | 22 | 67 |
| 2022 Marzo | 43 | 16 | 59 |
| 2022 Febrero | 43 | 14 | 57 |
| 2022 Enero | 36 | 13 | 49 |
| 2021 Diciembre | 27 | 13 | 40 |
| 2021 Noviembre | 43 | 18 | 61 |
| 2021 Octubre | 38 | 15 | 53 |
| 2021 Septiembre | 35 | 19 | 54 |
| 2021 Agosto | 38 | 17 | 55 |
| 2021 Julio | 34 | 19 | 53 |
| 2021 Junio | 39 | 13 | 52 |
| 2021 Mayo | 70 | 39 | 109 |
| 2021 Abril | 157 | 15 | 172 |
| 2021 Marzo | 68 | 17 | 85 |
| 2021 Febrero | 61 | 20 | 81 |
| 2021 Enero | 52 | 27 | 79 |
| 2020 Diciembre | 53 | 14 | 67 |
| 2020 Noviembre | 56 | 21 | 77 |
| 2020 Octubre | 57 | 41 | 98 |
| 2020 Septiembre | 44 | 21 | 65 |
| 2020 Agosto | 47 | 9 | 56 |
| 2020 Julio | 49 | 19 | 68 |
| 2020 Junio | 44 | 12 | 56 |
| 2020 Mayo | 34 | 21 | 55 |
| 2020 Abril | 28 | 20 | 48 |
| 2020 Marzo | 38 | 26 | 64 |
| 2020 Febrero | 24 | 13 | 37 |
| 2020 Enero | 17 | 9 | 26 |
| 2019 Diciembre | 23 | 15 | 38 |
| 2019 Noviembre | 22 | 9 | 31 |
| 2019 Octubre | 23 | 16 | 39 |
| 2019 Septiembre | 17 | 23 | 40 |
| 2019 Agosto | 16 | 8 | 24 |
| 2019 Julio | 40 | 18 | 58 |
| 2019 Junio | 89 | 37 | 126 |
| 2019 Mayo | 163 | 62 | 225 |
| 2019 Abril | 67 | 39 | 106 |
| 2019 Marzo | 24 | 23 | 47 |
| 2019 Febrero | 16 | 5 | 21 |
| 2019 Enero | 12 | 16 | 28 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 13 | 16 | 29 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 24 | 32 | 56 |
| 2018 Octubre | 16 | 11 | 27 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 28 | 6 | 34 |
| 2018 Agosto | 3 | 3 | 6 |
| 2018 Julio | 10 | 8 | 18 |
| 2018 Junio | 8 | 24 | 32 |
| 2018 Mayo | 12 | 40 | 52 |
| 2018 Abril | 7 | 47 | 54 |
| 2018 Marzo | 5 | 23 | 28 |
| 2018 Febrero | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2018 Enero | 3 | 13 | 16 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 1 | 10 | 11 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 6 | 23 | 29 |
| 2017 Octubre | 4 | 25 | 29 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 7 | 14 | 21 |
| 2017 Agosto | 8 | 32 | 40 |
| 2017 Julio | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| 2017 Junio | 6 | 47 | 53 |
| 2017 Mayo | 12 | 38 | 50 |
| 2017 Abril | 11 | 46 | 57 |
| 2017 Marzo | 10 | 49 | 59 |
| 2017 Febrero | 9 | 57 | 66 |
| 2017 Enero | 11 | 21 | 32 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 17 | 21 | 38 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 20 | 39 | 59 |
| 2016 Octubre | 18 | 65 | 83 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 41 | 28 | 69 |
| 2016 Agosto | 31 | 26 | 57 |
| 2016 Julio | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2016 Junio | 12 | 29 | 41 |
| 2016 Mayo | 13 | 36 | 49 |
| 2016 Abril | 12 | 26 | 38 |
| 2016 Marzo | 15 | 32 | 47 |
| 2016 Febrero | 9 | 12 | 21 |
| 2016 Enero | 15 | 13 | 28 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 4 | 13 | 17 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2015 Octubre | 18 | 18 | 36 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 13 | 16 | 29 |
| 2015 Agosto | 4 | 9 | 13 |
| 2015 Julio | 9 | 5 | 14 |
| 2015 Junio | 4 | 7 | 11 |
| 2015 Mayo | 20 | 10 | 30 |
| 2015 Abril | 14 | 13 | 27 |
| 2015 Marzo | 9 | 1 | 10 |
| 2015 Febrero | 20 | 3 | 23 |
| 2015 Enero | 28 | 1 | 29 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 13 | 6 | 19 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 12 | 0 | 12 |
| 2014 Octubre | 15 | 1 | 16 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 13 | 2 | 15 |
| 2014 Agosto | 16 | 1 | 17 |
| 2014 Julio | 13 | 1 | 14 |
| 2014 Junio | 18 | 2 | 20 |
| 2014 Mayo | 14 | 3 | 17 |
| 2014 Abril | 8 | 0 | 8 |
| 2014 Marzo | 11 | 1 | 12 |
| 2014 Febrero | 15 | 3 | 18 |
| 2014 Enero | 15 | 7 | 22 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 7 | 2 | 9 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 8 | 5 | 13 |
| 2013 Octubre | 11 | 5 | 16 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| 2013 Agosto | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2013 Julio | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2005 Noviembre | 320 | 0 | 320 |
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