Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo
Estudiar el nivel de sobrecarga de una población de cuidadoras informales de pacientes con demencia que residen en la comunidad y las variables que influyen en ella.
Material y métodoSe estudiaron 80 cuidadoras, 40 pacientes que acudían a un centro de día psicogeriátrico y 40 pacientes que permanecían en su domicilio. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas y clínicas, incluyendo en estas últimas el deterioro cognitivo (Miniexamen Cognoscitivo) y funcional (índice de Barthel), alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas (Inventario Neuropsiquiátrico), la sobrecarga del cuidador (Escala de Sobrecarga del Cuidador), las características de personalidad del cuidador (Cuestionario de Personalidad), las estrategias de afrontamiento (Cuestionario de Formas de Afrontamiento) y el apoyo social (Cuestionario de Apoyo Social Funcional).
ResultadosEl 79% de las cuidadoras sufrían una sobrecarga intensa. La sobrecarga se veía determinada por la mayor presencia de alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas, el menor apoyo social y el uso de la estrategia de afrontamiento «huida-evitación», que explicaban el 41% de la variabilidad en la sobrecarga.
ConclusiónLas cuidadoras familiares de pacientes con demencia en la comunidad que se enfrentan a más alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas, utilizan estrategias de afrontamiento de tipo evitativo y cuentan con un menor apoyo social tienen mayor riesgo de experimentar sobrecarga con los cuidados.
Palabras clave:
Sobrecarga
Cuidador
Demencia
Anciano
Abstract
Aim
To study the degree of burden in female informal caregivers of patients with dementia who live in the community and the factors influencing it.
MethodsEighty caregivers were studied: 40 attended the Psychogeriatric Day Center and 40 stayed at home. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were recorded. The following tools were used to analyze the clinical variables: cognitive impairment (MEC), functional ability (Barthel Index), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Caregiver Burden Interview (BI), personality of caregiver (EPI), coping strategies (Ways of Coping Scale) and social support (Functional Social Support Scale).
ResultsSeventy-nine percent of caregivers suffered from intense burden. Burden was determined by greater frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms, less social support and the use of the «avoidance-escape» coping strategy. These variables explained 41% of the variability in burden.
ConclusionFamily caregivers of demented patients in the community who have to cope with greater neuropsychiatric changes, use avoidance coping strategies and who have less social support have a higher risk of experiencing caregiver burden.
Key words:
Burden
Caregiver
Dementia
Elderly
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Este trabajo ha sido becado por el Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra.
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