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Inicio Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética Manifestaciones cutáneas en la obesidad
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Vol. 15. Núm. 2.
Páginas 56-61 (abril - junio 2011)
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Vol. 15. Núm. 2.
Páginas 56-61 (abril - junio 2011)
Revisión
Acceso a texto completo
Manifestaciones cutáneas en la obesidad
Cutaneous manifestations in obesity
Visitas
7555
José Alfredo Martínez-Hernándeza,
Autor para correspondencia
jalfmtz@unav.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Diego Martínez-Urbistondob, Francisco José Carapeto Márquez de Pradoc
a Departamento de Fisiología y Nutrición, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
b Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, España
c Servicio de Medicina Interna, Clínica Universitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, España
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Resumen

La obesidad supone un problema de salud pública cuya creciente prevalencia es atribuida en gran medida a interacciones entre inadecuados hábitos dietéticos y sedentarismo colectivo con cierta predisposición genética. La acumulación crónica de grasa en el tejido adiposo, propia de la obesidad, se asocia a una serie de complicaciones clínicas como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la hipercolesterolemia, etc. También, manifestaciones cutáneas y dermatosis pueden hallarse en pacientes obesos, incluyendo: acantosis nigricans y excrecencias/papilomas (debido a resistencia de insulina); hiperandrogenismo; estrías debidas a sobreextensión; adiposis, hiperpigmentación; linfedema; celulitis, intertrigo y dermatitis perineal; hiperqueratosis pilar y plantar con cambios morfológicos de la anatomía del pie y determinadas complicaciones que pueden provenir de la hospitalización, como úlceras de presión, una cicatrización disminuida e incontinencia, cuyo cuidado debe ser meticuloso con énfasis en la prevención cuando sea posible. El reconocimiento y el control de las complicaciones dermatológicas de la obesidad pueden tener un papel importante en la disminución de la morbosidad de obesidad.

Palabras clave:
Piel
Sobrepeso
Dermatosis
Obesidad
Abstract

Obesity is a worldwide public health problem with an increasing prevalence mainly attributed to interactions between an inadequate diet and sedentary habits and the individual's genetic predisposition. A chronic accumulation of adipose tissue found in obesity is associated to a myriad of complications such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypercholesterolemia, etc. Also, dermatological changes have been reported in patients with obesity, including: acanthosis nigricans and skin tags/acrocordons (due to insulin resistance); hyperandrogenism; striae; adiposis dolorosa, hyperpigmentation; lymphedema; cellulitis, intertrigo and perineal dermatitis; hyperkeratosis pilaris and plantaris with morphological changes. Complications that may arise from hospitalisation such as pressure ulcers, diminished wound healing and incontinence, must all be carefully managed with an emphasis on prevention where possible. Recognition and control of the dermatological complications of obesity play an important role in decreasing the morbidity of obesity.

Keywords:
Skin
Overweightness
Dermatoses
Obesity
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Copyright © 2011. Asociación Española de Dietistas-Nutricionistas
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