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Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI Análisis de un Proceso de Tratamiento de Efluentes para Producción de Metano
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Vol. 11. Núm. 2.
Páginas 236-246 (abril - julio 2014)
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3872
Vol. 11. Núm. 2.
Páginas 236-246 (abril - julio 2014)
Open Access
Análisis de un Proceso de Tratamiento de Efluentes para Producción de Metano
Dynamical Analysis of a wastewater treatment process for biogas production
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3872
Salvador Carlos-Hernándeza,1,
Autor para correspondencia
salvador.carlos@cinvestav.edu.mx

Autor para correspondencia.
, Edgar N. Sanchezb, Jean-François Béteauc, Lordes Díaz Jiméneza
a Cinvestav del IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Sustentabilidad de los Recursos Naturales y Energía, Av. Industria Metalúrgica 1062, 25900 Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila, México
b Cinvestav del IPN, Unidad Guadalajara, Control Automático, Av. del Bosque 1145, colonia el Bajío, Zapopan, 45019, Jalisco, México
c GIPSA lab, Automatic control department, Grenoble INP, BP 46, 38402, St Martin d’Hères, France
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En este trabajo se presenta un análisis dinámico de un reactor anaeróbico a escala laboratorio, el cual es empleado para la obtención de biogás a partir del tratamiento de aguas residuales. El reactor utiliza un volumen de reacción de 5 L y es operado en modo continuo con un flujo de entrada de 0.5 L h-1. Utilizando análisis de polos y ceros, respuesta al escalón y retratos de fase, se estudian dos comportamientos hidrodinámicos de las poblaciones bacterianas: razón de dilución y filtro de biomasa; este análisis es realizado vía simulación. El objetivo principal es determinar el efecto de la inmovilización de bacterias en soportes sólidos, así como de variaciones de las condiciones de operación, sobre las propiedades del proceso: estabilidad, degradación de sustratos, producción de biogás y límites de las condiciones de operación. Con los resultados obtenidos se pretende establecer estrategias de control que permitan mejorar el desempeño de este tipo de procesos.

Palabras clave:
Reactor anaeróbico
biogás
tratamiento de aguas residuales
análisis dinámico
control de procesos
Abstract

This paper deals with a dynamical analysis of a lab scale anaerobic reactor, which is used for biogas production from wastewater treatment. The reaction volume inside the reactor is 5 L in a continuous operation with a flow rate of 0.5 L h-1. Using a pole-zero analysis, the step response and phase portrait analysis, two hydrodynamic behaviors of anaerobic bacteria are studied: dilution rate and biomass filter; this analysis is done via numerical simulations. The main objective is to determine the effect of bacteria immobilization and operating condition variations on the process properties: stability, substrate degradation, biogas production and operating regions. The obtained results show that bacteria immobilization improves the process performances since the attraction region to the treatment point is enlarged and the washout point is hard to be reached. This situation implies that a larger biomethane production can be obtained and larger input disturbances can be rejected.

Keywords:
Anaerobic reactor
Biogas
Wastewater Treatment
Dynamic Analysis
Process Control
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