covid
Buscar en
Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI
Toda la web
Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI Arquitectura multi-controlador con transferencia sin salto para procesos con con...
Información de la revista
Vol. 10. Núm. 2.
Páginas 204-215 (abril - junio 2013)
Compartir
Compartir
Descargar PDF
Más opciones de artículo
Visitas
5133
Vol. 10. Núm. 2.
Páginas 204-215 (abril - junio 2013)
Open Access
Arquitectura multi-controlador con transferencia sin salto para procesos con conmutación de modos
A multi-controller with bumpless transfer architecture for industrial switched-mode processes
Visitas
5133
Nagore Iriondoa,
Autor para correspondencia
nagore.iriondo@ehu.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Elisabet Estévezb, Rafael Priegoa, Marga Marcosa
a Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, ETSI Bilbao, UPV/EHU, Alda. Urkijo S/N, Bilbao
b Departamento de Ingeniería de Electrónica y Automática, EPS de Jaén, UJA, Campus las Lagunillas S/N, 23071, Jaén, España
Este artículo ha recibido

Under a Creative Commons license
Información del artículo
Resumen
Texto completo
Bibliografía
Descargar PDF
Estadísticas
Resumen

Los sistemas con conmutación de modos se definen como aquéllos que pueden exhibir diferente comportamiento dinámico en función del estado en que se encuentran. Pueden por tanto ser descritos por un conjunto finito de subsistemas dinámicos y una lógica que rige la conmutación entre ellos. Una alternativa para su control es la arquitectura multi-controlador con supervisión ya que permite utilizar controladores de modo diferentes y alcanzar así múltiples objetivos de control. Pero la conmutación de controladores suele tener como consecuencia la aparición de saltos o transitorios derivados que pueden ser inaceptables. Este tipo de sistemas y problemática son frecuentes en diferentes áreas de aplicación industrial, en donde la tecnología de control más utilizada es el Controlador Lógico Programable (PLC). Es por ello que el objetivo de este trabajo es presentar un método de diseño e implementación de un mecanismo de transferencia sin salto (BT) en una arquitectura multi-modo y multi-bucle para sistemas con conmutación de modos, en PLC y en conformidad con el estándar IEC 61131-3. La estrategia BT se basa en que controladores de modos candidatos a conmutar realicen un seguimiento a los controladores activos, siendo la detección del estado de operación actual y de los posibles estados siguientes, clave en la definición de la forma de ejecución de los algoritmos de control que componen la arquitectura. Se presentan también los pasos del diseño de la arquitectura completa así como resultados experimentales que validan la arquitectura.

Palabras clave:
Sistemas con conmutación de modos
Supervisión
Planificación conducida por tiempo
Bumpless Transfer
estándar IEC 61131-3
Abstract

Switched mode systems are defined as those represented by a finite set of linear subsystems and a set of logic rules orchestrating the switching among them. A set of dynamic subsystems together with a logical system that orchestrates the switching among them could be used in order to describe it. An alternative to control them is a supervisory multi-mode controller architecture that allows to meeting multiple control objectives. But switching can consequently derived in bumps or undesirable transient responses. This type of problem is commonly encountered in several industrial application fields, where the Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) is the most used technology. This paper describes a methodology for the design and the implementation of Bumpless Transfer (BT) mechanisms within multi-rate control architecture for switched mode systems, to be implemented in PLC following the IEC 61131-3 standard. The BT strategy is based on to make controllers which are candidate to switch track to active controllers. By detecting the system state and the feasible next states, the supervisor decides the way in which the different controllers of the architecture execute. The steps to design the complete architecture are presented and experimental results that validate the architecture are shown.

Keywords:
Switched-mode systems
supervision
time-driven scheduling
Bumpless Transfer
IEC 61131-3 standard
Referencias
[Åström and Wittenmark, 1990]
Åström, K.J., Wittenmark, B., 1990. Computer controlled systems: Theory and Design. 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey, Ch. 15, pp. 464-465.
[Bengea and DeCarlo, 2005]
S.C. Bengea, R.A. DeCarlo.
Optimal control of switching systems.
Automatica, 41 (2005), pp. 11-27
[Bhagwat et al., 2003]
A. Bhagwat, R. Srinivasan, P.R. Krishnaswamy.
Multi-linear model- based fault detection during process transitions.
Chemical Engineering Science, 58 (2003), pp. 1649-1670
[Downs and Vogel, 1993]
J.J. Downs, E.F. Vogel.
A plant-wide industrial process control problem.
Computers & Chemical Engineering, 17 (1993), pp. 245-255
[Engell and Stursberg, 2005]
Engell, S., Stursberg, O., 2005. Hybrid Control Techniques for the Design of Industrial Controllers. 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, and 43th European Control Conference, 5612-5617.
[Fuente et al., 2007]
M.J. Fuente, E. Moya, G.I. Sainz Palmero.
Esquema de detección de fallos difuso basado en modelado lingüístico-preciso de un motor de inducción.
Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial, 4 (2007), pp. 72-80
[Gómez et al., 2010]
D. Gómez, G. Ramírez, A. Ramírez, J. Ruíz.
Observability of switched linear systems.
IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 6 (2010), pp. 127-135
[Graebe and Ahlén, 1996a]
Graebe S.F., Ahlén, A., 1996a. Bumpless Transfer. The Control Handbook, Levine, W.S. (ed.), 381-388.
[Graebe and Ahlén, 1996b]
S.F. Graebe, A.L.B. Ahlén.
Dynamic transfer among alternative controllers and its relation to antiwindup controller design.
IEEE Trans. Control Systems Technology, 4 (1996), pp. 92-99
[Hanus et al., 1987]
R. Hanus, M. Kinnaert, J.L. Henrotte.
Conditioning Technique, a general Anti-windup and Bumpless Transfer Method.
Automatica, 23 (1987), pp. 729-739
[Henriques et al., 1999]
J. Henriques, A. Cardoso, A. Dourado.
Supervision and c-Means clustering of PID controllers for a solar plant, Int.
Journal of Approximate Reasoning., 22 (1999), pp. 73-91
[Hespanha et al., 2003]
J.P. Hespanha, D. Liberzon, A.S. Morse.
Overcoming the limitations of adaptive control by means of logic-based switching.
Systems & Control Letters, 49 (2003), pp. 49-65
[Hilhorst et al., 1994]
R.A. Hilhorst, J. Van Amerongen, P. Löhnberg, H.J.A.F. Tulleken.
A supervisory for control of mode-switch processes.
Automatica, 30 (1994), pp. 1319-1331
[International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003]
International Electrotechnical Commission, 2003. IEC International Standard IEC 1131-3 Programmable Controllers, Part 3: Programming Languages.
[Iriondo et al., 2006]
Iriondo, N., Marcos, M., Estévez, E., 2006. Implementing Non-Linear Strategies for PID in IEC 61131-3 ST Language. 15th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, pp. 969-972.
[Karl-Heinz and Tiegelkamp, 2001]
Karl-Heinz, J., Tiegelkamp, M., 2001. IEC 61131-3: Programming Industrial Automation Systems. Springer. Ch. 2, pp. 47, Ch. 6, pp. 233-236.
[Kinnaert et al., 2009]
Kinnaert, M., Delwiche, T., Yamé, J., 2009. State Resetting for Bumpless Switching in Supervisory Control. European Control Conference ECC’2009, pp. 2097-2102.
[Lennartsson et al., 1996]
B. Lennartsson, M. Tittus, B. Egardt, S. Pettersson.
Hybrid systems in process control.
Control Systems Magazine, 16 (1996), pp. 45-56
[Liberzon, 2003]
Liberzon, D., 2003. Switching in systems and control. Birkhäuser, Boston. Ch. III, pp. 75-76.
[Lin and Antsaklis, 2009]
H. Lin, P.J. Antsaklis.
Stability and stabilizability of switched linear systems: A survey of recent results.
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 54 (2009), pp. 308-322
[Liu, 2000]
Liu, J.W.S., 2000. Real-time Systems. Prentice Hall. Ch. 5, pp. 85-92, 103.
[Lourenço and Lemos, 2006]
J.M.A. Lourenço, J.M. Lemos.
Learning in Switching Multiple Model Adaptive Control.
IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine, 9 (2006), pp. 24-29
[Maestri et al., 2009]
Maestri, M., Cassanello, M., Horowitz, G., 2009. Kernel PCA performance in processes with multiple operation modes. Chemical Product and Process Modeling 4(5), Article 7.
[Marcos et al., 2009]
M. Marcos, E. Estévez, F. Pérez, E. van der Wal.
XML exchange of control programs.
IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 3 (2009), pp. 32-35
[Morse, 1995]
Morse A. S., 1995. Control using logic-based switching. En: Isidori, A., (Ed.), Trends in Control, Springer, New York, pp. 69-113.
[Morse, 1996]
A.S. Morse.
Supervisoy control of families of linear set-point controllers – Part 1: Exact machine.
IEEE Trans. On Automatic Control, 41 (1996), pp. 69-113
[Pasamontes et al., 2010]
Pasamontes, M., Alvárez, J.D., Guzmán, J.L., Berenguel, M., 2010. Bumpless switching in control – A comparative study. 15th IEEE Int. Conf. on. Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation. DOI: 10.1109/ETFA.;1; 2010.5641266.
[Pasamontes et al., 2011]
M. Pasamontes, J.D. Alvárez, J.L. Guzmán, J.M. Lemos, M. Berenguel.
A switching control strategy applied to a solar collector field.
Control Engineering Practice, 19 (2011), pp. 135-145
[Peng et al., 1996]
Peng, Y., Vrancic, D., Hanus, R., 1996. Anti-Windup, Bumpless, and Conditioned Transfer Techniques for PID Controllers. IEEE Control Systems Magazine 16(4), 48-57. PLCopen, 2003. http://plcopen.org/.
[Ravindranathan and Leitch, 1999]
M. Ravindranathan, R. Leitch.
Model switching in intelligent control systems.
Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 13 (1999), pp. 175-187
[Real and Crespo, 2004]
J. Real, A. Crespo.
Mode Change Protocols for Real-Time Systems: A Survey and a New Proposal.
Real-Time Systems, 26 (2004), pp. 161-197
[Rodrigues et al., 2008]
M. Rodrigues, D. Theilliol, M. Adam-Medina, D. Sauter.
A fault detection and isolation scheme for industrial systems based on multiple operating modes.
Control Engineering Practice, 16 (2008), pp. 225-239
[Rodriguez et al., 2003]
J.A. Rodriguez, J.A. Romagnoli, G.C. Goodwin.
Supervisory Multiple regime control.
Journal of Process Control, 13 (2003), pp. 177-191
[Sun and Ge, 2005]
Sun, Z., Ge, S.S., 2005. Switched Linear Systems: Control and Design. Springer-Verlag, London.
[van der Wal, 2009]
van der Wal, E., 2009. PLCopen, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 3. DOI: 10.1109/MIE. 2009.934799.
[Yamé and Hanping, 2010]
Yamé, J.J., Hanping, Q., 2010. Conditioned switching between two-degree-of- freedom controllers for plants with changing dynamics, 11th Int. Conf. Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, pp. 945-951.
[Zaccarian and Teel, 2005]
Zaccarian, L., Teel, A.R., 2005. The L2 (ℓ2) Bumpless Transfer problem for linear plants: its definition and solution, Automatica 41, 1273-1280.
[Zambrano et al., 2010]
D. Zambrano, W. Garcia-Gabin, E.F. Camacho.
Application of a Transition Graph-based Predictive Algorithm to a Solar Air Conditioning Plant.
IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, 18 (2010), pp. 1162-1171
[Zamorano et al., 1997]
J. Zamorano, A. Alonso, J.A. de la Puente.
Building safety-critical real-time systems with reusable cyclic executives.
Control Engineering Practice, 5 (1997), pp. 999-1005
[Zhang et al., 2005]
Y. Zhang, A.G. Alleyne, D. Zheng.
A hybrid control strategy for active vibration isolation with electrohydraulic actuators.
Control Engineering Practice, 13 (2005), pp. 279-289
Copyright © 2012. EA
Descargar PDF
Opciones de artículo