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Inicio Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática Industrial RIAI Controladores multivariables para un vehículo autónomo terrestre: Comparación...
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Vol. 11. Núm. 2.
Páginas 179-190 (abril - julio 2014)
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Vol. 11. Núm. 2.
Páginas 179-190 (abril - julio 2014)
Open Access
Controladores multivariables para un vehículo autónomo terrestre: Comparación basada en la fiabilidad del software
Multivariable controllers for an autonomous ground vehicle: comparison based on software reliability
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Norberto Cañasa,
Autor para correspondencia
norberto@eui.upm.es

Autor para correspondencia. Tel.: +34 91 3367859; fax: +34 91 3367527.
, Wilmar Hernándezb, Gabriel Gonzálezc, Oleg Sergiyenkod
a Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, EUI-Departamento de Informática Aplicada, Ctra. Valencia Km. 7, 28031 Madrid, España
b Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, EUITT-Departamento de Ingeniería de Circuitos y Sistemas, Ctra. Valencia Km. 7, 28031 Madrid, España
c Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Departamento de Informática, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, España
d Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingeniería, BC 21280 Mexicali, México
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Se presenta en este artículo la comparación de tres controladores de velocidad (regulador cuadrático lineal-LQR-, proporcional integral derivativo-PID-y borroso) con la intención de determinar cuál de ellos ofrece mejor fiabilidad desde una perspectiva software. Para realizar las pruebas necesarias se utilizaron versiones mutantes de controladores bien ajustados, en los que se inyectaron defectos que simulaban errores de programación. Los controladores fueron diseñados para operar un vehículo autónomo terrestre y fueron ajustados por medio de un algoritmo genético.

Dado el elevado número de pruebas a efectuar se decidió construir un simulador multicomputador con el que se realizaron más de 90000 ensayos. En cada uno de los ensayos se sometió a cada controlador mutante a la realización de un recorrido, de unos 20 minutos de duración máxima, sobre un suelo ligeramente ondulado. Con los datos obtenidos se generaron las curvas de fiabilidad por el procedimiento de Kaplan-Meier, lo cual permitió la comparación de controladores objetivo del estudio.

De las curvas de fiabilidad del software obtenidas se deduce que, en las condiciones experimentales planteadas, el controlador LQR ofrece el mejor comportamiento, el segundo lugar le corresponde al controlador PID y el tercero al controlador borroso.

Palabras clave:
Fiabilidad del software
robots móviles autónomos
simuladores
método de control LQR
controlador PID
control borroso
Abstract

In this paper, three multivariable speed controllers (linear quadratic regulator-LQR, proportional integral derivative - PID, and Fuzzy) were compared with each other to find which one has the best software reliability. The reliability tests were conducted on perturbed controllers with injected faults, simulating typical programmer errors. These controllers were designed to operate in an autonomous ground vehicle, and they were tuned by using a genetic algorithm. Given the large number of tests to be performed it was decided to build a multi-computer simulator in which they were carried out more than 90000 essays. In each of the trials, the perturbed controllers were subjected to a tour of approximately 20minutes on a slightly wavy ground. With the obtained data, the reliability curves were elaborated by means of the Kaplan-Meier procedure, and this allowed their comparison which was the aim of this research. Under the observed experimental conditions, the LQR controller provides the best behavior, the second position belongs to the PID controller, and the third one to the fuzzy controller.

Keywords:
Software reliability Autonomous mobile robots Simulators LQR controller PID controller Fuzzy controller
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