Algoritmo genético permutacional para el despliegue y la planificación de sistemas de tiempo real distribuidos
Permutational genetic algorithm for the deployment and scheduling of distributed real time systems
Ekain Azketaa,
, J. Javier Gutiérrezb, Marco Di Natalec, Luís Almeidad, Marga Marcose
Autor para correspondencia
a IK4-Ikerlan Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas, Área de Tecnologías de Software, Mondragón, España
b Universidad de Cantabria, Grupo de Computadores y Tiempo Real, Santander, España
c Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Real-Time Systems Laboratory, Pisa, Italia
d Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores, Oporto, Portugal
e Universidad del País Vasco, Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática, Bilbao, España
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href="#bib0030">Boyd et al., 2007</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Chen and Lin, 2000</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">Davare et al., 2007</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Davis, 1991</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Deb et al., 2002</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">Di Natale and Stankovic, 1995</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Di Natale et al., 2007</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Dick and Jha, 2002</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Garey et al., 1976</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">Glover, 1986</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Gutiérrez and Harbour, 1995</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">Hamann et al., 2006</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Hladik et al., 2008</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Holland, 1975</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Kirkpatrick, 1984</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Metzner and Herde, 2006</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">Minoux, 1986</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115">Mitra and Ramanathan, 1993</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120">Monnier et al., 1998</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125">Palencia and Harbour, 1998</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">Palencia and Harbour, 1999</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135">Pearl, 1984</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Pop et al., 2002</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Pop et al., 2003a</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Pop et al., 2003b</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0155">Porto et al., 2000</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Porto and Ribeiro, 1995</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165">Samii et al., 2009</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0170">Schrijver, 1998</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0175">Shang et al., 2007</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">Tindell et al., 1992</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">Tindell and Clark, 1994</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">Tsang, 1993</a>, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0195">Zheng et al., 2007</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0200">Zhu et al., 2009</a>.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:6 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres247357" "titulo" => "Resumen" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec234649" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres247356" "titulo" => "Abstract" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec234650" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Referencias no citadas" ] 5 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Referencias" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2012-07-19" "fechaAceptado" => "2013-05-17" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec234649" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Sistemas de tiempo real" 1 => "Algoritmos de planificación" 2 => "Algoritmos genéticos" 3 => "Optimizaciones multiobjetivo" ] ] ] "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec234650" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Real-time systems" 1 => "Scheduling algorithms" 2 => "Genetic algorithms" 3 => "Multiobjective optimisations." ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El despliegue y la planificación de tareas y mensajes en sistemas de tiempo real distribuidos son problemas NP-difíciles (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">NP- hard</span>), por lo que no existen métodos óptimos para solucionarlos en tiempo polinómico. En consecuencia, estos problemas son adecuados para abordarse mediante algoritmos genéricos de búsqueda y optimización. En este artículo se propone un algoritmo genético multiobjetivo basado en una codificación permutacional de las soluciones para abordar el despliegue y la planificación de sistemas de tiempo real distribuidos. Además de desplegar tareas en computadores y de planificar tareas y mensajes, este algoritmo puede minimizar el número de computadores utilizados, la cantidad de recursos computacionales y de comunicaciones empleados y el tiempo de respuesta de peor caso medio de las aplicaciones. Los resultados experimentales muestran que este algoritmo genético permutacional puede desplegar y planificar sistemas de tiempo real distribuidos de forma satisfactoria y en tiempos razonables.</p>" ] "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The deployment and scheduling of tasks and messages in distributed real-time systems are NP-hard problems, so there are no optimal methods to solve them in polynomial time. Consequently, these problems are suitable to be approached with generic search and optimisation algorithms. In this paper we propose a multi-objective genetic algorithm based on a permutational solution encoding for the deployment and scheduling of distributed real-time systems. Besides deploying and scheduling tasks and messages, the algorithm can minimize the number of the used computers, the utilization of computing and networking resources and the average worst-case response times of the applications. The experiments show that this genetic algorithm can successfully synthesize complex distributed real-time systems in reasonable times.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Referencias" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:40 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Achterberg, 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "SCIP: Solving Constraint Integer Programs" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T. 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| 2019 Julio | 9 | 13 | 22 |
| 2019 Junio | 35 | 27 | 62 |
| 2019 Mayo | 91 | 53 | 144 |
| 2019 Abril | 20 | 31 | 51 |
| 2019 Marzo | 5 | 4 | 9 |
| 2019 Febrero | 9 | 8 | 17 |
| 2019 Enero | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| 2018 Diciembre | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2018 Noviembre | 12 | 7 | 19 |
| 2018 Octubre | 19 | 17 | 36 |
| 2018 Septiembre | 5 | 11 | 16 |
| 2018 Agosto | 5 | 13 | 18 |
| 2018 Julio | 8 | 6 | 14 |
| 2018 Junio | 7 | 11 | 18 |
| 2018 Mayo | 13 | 13 | 26 |
| 2018 Abril | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2018 Marzo | 21 | 1 | 22 |
| 2018 Febrero | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2018 Enero | 19 | 2 | 21 |
| 2017 Diciembre | 30 | 4 | 34 |
| 2017 Noviembre | 24 | 4 | 28 |
| 2017 Octubre | 25 | 2 | 27 |
| 2017 Septiembre | 13 | 7 | 20 |
| 2017 Agosto | 19 | 0 | 19 |
| 2017 Julio | 6 | 1 | 7 |
| 2017 Junio | 13 | 11 | 24 |
| 2017 Mayo | 15 | 8 | 23 |
| 2017 Abril | 9 | 3 | 12 |
| 2017 Marzo | 17 | 73 | 90 |
| 2017 Febrero | 9 | 7 | 16 |
| 2017 Enero | 14 | 7 | 21 |
| 2016 Diciembre | 13 | 5 | 18 |
| 2016 Noviembre | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2016 Octubre | 21 | 7 | 28 |
| 2016 Septiembre | 20 | 7 | 27 |
| 2016 Agosto | 16 | 2 | 18 |
| 2016 Julio | 22 | 1 | 23 |
| 2016 Junio | 31 | 4 | 35 |
| 2016 Mayo | 31 | 6 | 37 |
| 2016 Abril | 26 | 3 | 29 |
| 2016 Marzo | 25 | 4 | 29 |
| 2016 Febrero | 29 | 6 | 35 |
| 2016 Enero | 33 | 4 | 37 |
| 2015 Diciembre | 30 | 7 | 37 |
| 2015 Noviembre | 32 | 3 | 35 |
| 2015 Octubre | 18 | 9 | 27 |
| 2015 Septiembre | 11 | 4 | 15 |
| 2015 Agosto | 12 | 3 | 15 |
| 2015 Julio | 22 | 4 | 26 |
| 2015 Junio | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| 2015 Mayo | 10 | 3 | 13 |
| 2015 Abril | 15 | 12 | 27 |
| 2015 Marzo | 11 | 10 | 21 |
| 2015 Febrero | 13 | 12 | 25 |
| 2015 Enero | 13 | 9 | 22 |
| 2014 Diciembre | 22 | 3 | 25 |
| 2014 Noviembre | 24 | 4 | 28 |
| 2014 Octubre | 27 | 3 | 30 |
| 2014 Septiembre | 28 | 8 | 36 |
| 2014 Agosto | 15 | 2 | 17 |
| 2014 Julio | 25 | 6 | 31 |
| 2014 Junio | 25 | 3 | 28 |
| 2014 Mayo | 20 | 2 | 22 |
| 2014 Abril | 12 | 5 | 17 |
| 2014 Marzo | 62 | 25 | 87 |
| 2014 Febrero | 41 | 19 | 60 |
| 2014 Enero | 41 | 21 | 62 |
| 2013 Diciembre | 59 | 20 | 79 |
| 2013 Noviembre | 57 | 27 | 84 |
| 2013 Octubre | 57 | 29 | 86 |
| 2013 Septiembre | 69 | 54 | 123 |
| 2013 Agosto | 91 | 45 | 136 |
| 2013 Julio | 81 | 46 | 127 |
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